Phylidorea (Phylidorea) melanommata ( Alexander,

Podenas, Sigitas & Byun, Sun-Jae Park and Hye-Woo, 2022, Phylidorea crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea, Journal of Species Research 11 (1), pp. 47-60 : 53-54

Phylidorea (Phylidorea) melanommata ( Alexander,

1921)

Limnophila (Phylidorea) melanommata Alexander, 1921: 120 .

Phylidorea (Phylidorea) melanommata Savchenko and Krivolutskaya, 1976: 66-67 ; Savchenko, 1989: 107 (misspelled as P. melananta ).

General: Body coloration brownish yellow. Body length: male 8.0- 8.1 mm, female 7.8-9.0 mm. Wing length: male 8.5-9.0 mm, female 7.2-8.8 mm.

Head: Dark brown to black, densely covered with sil- very pruinosity, sparsely covered with short dark brown semi-erect setae. Vertex with low wide tubercle. Eyes widely separated in both sexes, distance between them at base of antennae approximately equal length of scape. Antenna ( Fig. 3A ) 1.2-1.7 mm long in male, 0.9 mm in female, reaching about base of wing if bent backwards. Antennal scape long, nearly cylindrical, dark brown, sparsely dusted with brownish gray and bearing few short brown to whitish raised setae. Pedicel three times as short as scape, yellow, subglobular. Flagellum yellow turning darker towards apex, covered with short whitish pubescence. Flagellomeres elongate, wider at base, narrower at distal end. Verticils dark brown, longest slightly exceeds length of respective segments. Apical segment large, 1.3 times as long as preceding segment. Rostrum dark brown, blackish at base, few long setae at apex. Palpus dark brown, mouth parts brown.

Thorax: Cervical sclerites brownish yellow, blackened dorsally. Pronotum elongate, widened posteriorly, brownish yellow with dark brown to blackish stripe dor- so-medially. Prescutum and presutural scutum polished brownish yellow with narrow dark brown median line, widest and blackish at frontal margin of sclerite, getting narrower posteriorly and disappearing before posterior margin of sclerite. Tubercular pit very small and indistinct at frontal margin of sclerite and hidden by median dark line. Pseudosutural fovea indistinct, concolorous with prescutum. Scutal lobe slightly darker than prescutum, area separating scutal lobes paler yellow. Scutellum pale yellow with scattered erect yellow setae. Mediotergite brownish yellow. Dorsopleural membrane and pleuron pale-brownish-yellow, episternum setoseless, meron pale. Wing ( Fig. 3B ) iridescent, with brownish tinge, yellowish in costal area. Small brown spots surround both ends of radial sector, extends along basal portion of R 5, branching point of R 2+3 and R 4, R 2 togeth- er with free end of R 1. Larger but less distinct darker area extends along wing margin from tip of R 1 through middle of cell r 4. Veins brown before wing middle, dark brown beyond cord, yellow at wing base and in costal area. Venation: Sc long, reaching wing margin at branching point of Rs, sc -r at tip of Sc. Rs approximately as long as distance from base of Rs to sc -r, angulate at base. Free end of R 1 very short and oblique, indistinct, as long as R 2. R 2 transverse, indistinct. R 3 and R 4 diverging, cell r 3 with short stem, which is approximately as long as radial sector. Cross-vein r -m long and distinct, at base of discal cell. Discal cell nearly twice as long as wide. Cell m 1 long, 1.6 times as long as its stem. Cross-vein m -cu at middle of discal cell. Anal vein long, slightly sinuous, apex far before the level of Rs base. Anal lobe long and narrow, widely rounded. Length of male halter 1.2-1.3 mm, that of female 1.0- 1.2 mm, stem brownish yellow, knob paler at base, indistinctly blackish distally. Coxae brownish yellow, covered with scattered golden setae, trochanters paler yellow. Femur widely pale yellow at base, brownish yellow beyond middle, very apex narrowly and indistinctly darkened. Tibia brownish yellow with very narrowly and indistinctly darker apex. Tarsus dark brown with lighter brown base of basitarsus. Tibia of foreleg with single apical spur, tibiae of middle and hind pairs of legs with two apical spurs each. Male femur I: 5.8 mm long, II: 5.6-5.7 mm, III: 6.5 mm, tibia I: 6.8 mm, II: 5.7-6.1 mm, III: 7.0 mm, tarsus I: 6.3 mm, II: 5.2-6.0 mm, III: 5.3 mm. Claw simple, without spines or teeth at base, dark brown to black.

Abdomen: Abdominal tergites and sternites grayish obscure yellow, covered with short sparse erect yellowish setae, pregenital sternite dark brown. Male terminalia ( Fig. 3C ) yellow. Epandrium distinctly wider than longer, posterior margin slightly concave medially. Gonocoxite oval with small ventro-mesal lobe. Outer gonostylus long and narrow, sclerotized, yellow with blackened apex, very tip bifid. Inner gonostylus long and narrow, wider at base, distal part narrow and slightly arched. Lateral process of aedeagal sheath long and narrow, distal part slightly curved. Aedeagus short and straight, tube-shaped. Female terminalia ( Fig. 3D ) brownish yellow. Cercus long and narrow slightly arched, distal part raised upwards, blunt-apexed. Hypovalva polished reddish brown, cercus long and arched, darker at base, yellow at tip, round-apexed. Hypovalva wedge-shaped, distinctly dark brown at basal third and along ventral margin, dorsal margin with long parallel setae along two thirds of distal part.

Elevation range in Korea: From sea level to 1,100 m.

Period of activity in Korea: From middle of May through second half of September.

Habitat: Open marshy meadow on margins of slow flow- ing small stream with lots of volcanic rocks surrounded by deciduous forest, low shrubs and dense Sasa quelpaertensis grassland (highland wetland) on Jeju Island. Swampy areas, especially willow and alder forests, also mixed forests in floodplains, less common in rocky areas covered by birch forests in South Kurile Islands and Southern Sakhalin ( Savchenko and Krivolutskaya, 1976).

General distribution: Japan and Far East of Russia. Recorded here for the first time for Korea ( Fig. 6C ).

Examined material: 2 males (in ethanol), S . Korea, Jeju-do, Seogwipo-si, Saekdal-dong, Mt. Halla , N 33.35771, E 126.46289, alt. 1,100 m, May 16, 2015, coll. H . Baek ( KU); 1 female (in ethanol), S . Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Jeokseong-myeon, Jangjwa-ri, Dagmar North, N 37.97469, E 126.84456, alt. 17 m, September 15, 2017, T . A . Klein , H .- C . Kim , MM ( NIBR) ; 1 specimen of unknown sex (in ethanol), S . Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Jinseo-myeon, 633 Eoryong-ri, NNSC-1, N 37.95478, E 126.67998, alt. 14 m, September 19, 2017, T . A . Klein , H .- C . Kim , MM ( NIBR) ; 1 female (in ethanol), S . Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Pyeongtaek , Paengseong-eup, 48-3 Bonjeong 2-gil, Humphreys, N 36.95009, E 127.01670, alt. 16 m, May 28, 2019, T . A . Klein , H .- C . Kim , MM ( N) ( NIBR) ; 1 female (in ethanol), S . Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Paju-si, Jinseo-myeon, 633 Eoryong-ri, NNSC-1, N 37.95478, E 126.67998, alt. 14 m, June 3, 2019, T . A . Klein , H .- C . Kim , MM ( NIBR) ; 1 male (pinned), S . Korea, Jeju-do, Seogwipo-si, Saekdal-dong, Mt. Halla , N 33.35773, E 126.46283, alt. 1,086 m, June 17, 2019, coll. S . Podenas ( NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S . Korea, Jeju-do, Seogwipo-si, Saekdal-dong, Mt. Halla , N 33.35761, E 126.46422, alt. 1,101 m, June 19, 2019 (3), coll. S . Podenas , at light ( NIBR) .

Remark: P. melanommata is ascribed to the subgenus Phylidorea s.str. ( Oosterbroek, 2021), but its taxonomical position still raises discussions. Antennal structure and male genitalia of P. melanommata show more re- semblance to that of the genus Euphylidorea Alexander, 1972 , than to the genus Phylidorea . Both these genera are closely related, Euphylidorea was classified as subgenus of Phylidorea s.l. ( Savchenko, 1989), just later raised to separate genus level ( Savchenko et al., 1992). Petersen et al. (2012) made a note, that P. melanommata is strikingly similar in the morphology of the similis -group (genus Euphylidorea ). He also mentions that future revision- ary work in the similis -group, and for Euphylidorea as a whole, should include a simultaneous review of Phylidorea s.str. Such work needs to be done in a separate publication and is far beyond the scope of this paper.

Figures

Fig. 3. Phylidorea (Phylidorea) melanommata (Alexander, 1921). A. antenna. B. wing. C. male genitalia, dorsal view. D. ovipositor, lateral view. Scale bars 0.5 mm.

Fig. 6. Distribution maps of Korean Phylidorea crane flies.A. P.(Macrolabina) pernigrita. B. P.(Phylidorea) longicornis pietatis. C. P.(P.) melanommata. D. P. (P.) multidentata. E. P.(P.) umbrarum.