Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) profunda Moseley, 1881

Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T., 2021, Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa, ZooKeys 1066, pp. 1-198 : 1

Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) profunda Moseley, 1881

Fig. 2E, F

Caryophyllia profunda Moseley, 1881: 138-139 pl. 1, figs 6, 6b.-von Marenzeller 1904a, 298. -Gardiner 1913: 688-689. - Gardiner 1929: 126. - Gardiner 1939: 331.-Ralph 1948: 108, fig. 2. - Squires 1964, pl. 11. - Squires 1969: 16-17, pl. 6, map 1. - Ralph and Squires 1962: 3, 6-7, pl. 1, figs 8-11. - Squires and Keyes 1967: 15, 17, 23, pl. 2, figs 1-4. - Zibrowius 1974b: 751-755, pl. 1, figs 1-10. - Cairns 1979: 206. - Cairns 1982: 17-19, pl. 5, figs 1-5. - Zibrowius and Gili 1990: 25-26, pl. 4, figs L-R. - Cairns and Keller 1993: 235-236. - Cairns 1995: 44-45, pl. 7, fig. I, pl.8, figs A-C. -Kitahara et al. 2010: 114.

Caryophyllia cyathus .-von Marenzeller 1904a: 295, pl. 16, figs 6, 6A.-Hoffmeister 1933: 14, pl. 4, figs 4-5.- Gardiner 1939: 330-331.- Squires 1961: 7.

Caryophyllia planilamellata . -Dennant 1906: 157-158, pl. 6, figs 4A, B. - Squires 1961: 18.

Caryophyllia clavus . - Wells 1958: 265, pl. 1, figs 12, 13.

Caryophyllia cf. C. maculata . -Ralph 1948: 108, fig. 2. - Ralph and Squires 1962: 3, 7, pl. 2, figs 1-2. - Squires and Keyes 1967: 15, 17, 23, pl. 2, figs 4, 5.

Type locality.

Off Nightingale Island, Sub-Antarctica (HMS ‘Challenger’ stn. 135: 37°0'50"S, 12°19'10"W); 183-274 m ( Moseley 1881).

Type material.

Twenty syntypes are deposited at the NHMUK ( Cairns 1982).

Material examined.

None.

Imagery data.

DTE Valdivia Stn. 108 (1 specimen): Southern margin, 60 km off AGULHAS/69 km off De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 35°19'18.00"S, 20°15'17.99"E; 126 m.

Description.

Adapted from Cairns (1982) and von Marenzeller (1904a): Corallum trochoid, slightly curved, and attached to substrate by a broad pedicel. Calice slightly elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.04), calicular margins slightly serrate. Imaged specimen 25.0 × 24.0 mm in CD and 54.0 mm in H. Costae flat, more prominent near calicular margin, and equal in width. C1-3 sometimes slightly ridged. Theca thick, porcelaneous, and finely granulated. Corallum white with brown theca.

Septa hexamerally arranged in five complete cycles according to the formula: S1-2 > S3 > S4 > S5 (96 septa). S1-2 moderately exsert, equal in width, and bearing axial margins that join columella deep in fossa. Higher cycle septa progressively less exsert. S31/5 less wide than S1-2. S4 ~ ¾ the width of S3, each bearing a broad pali (24 P4), with vertical inner margin. S5 ¾ the width of S4. All septal faces slightly granulated and septal margins straight, except for S4 which may be slightly sinuous. Fossa moderately deep containing a fascicular columella encircled by a paliform crown.

Distribution.

Regional: Southern margin of South Africa, off Agulhas; 126 m. Elsewhere: St Paul and Amsterdam Islands ( Zibrowius 1974b); Australia (Hoffmeister 1933); New Zealand ( Ralph and Squires 1962; Squires and Keyes 1967; Cairns 1995); Sub-Antarctic Islands ( Moseley 1881; von Marenzeller 1904a; Zibrowius 1974b; Cairns 1982); 35-1116 m.

Remarks.

Caryophyllia (C.) profunda is one of the several Caryophyllia species reported under the name of Caryophyllia cyathus (Ellis & Solander, 1786) by von Marenzeller (1904a), a long-standing confusion that Zibrowius (1974b) discusses in his account of the corals of the St Paul and Amsterdam Islands. Caryophyllia profunda differs from C. cyathus in its S1 being straight as compared with slightly sinuous in the latter, and having 24-25 instead of 20 P4. Nonetheless, von Marenzeller’s (1904a) records form the basis of the occurrence of this species in South African territory, as no other known South African samples have been reported subsequently.

Figures

Figure 2. A, B Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) grandis (SAMC _ A 073150, off Mazeppa Bay, 480 - 490 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) lamellifera (SAMC _ A 090155, off Sodwana Bay, 120 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) profunda (DTE Valdivia Stn 108, off Agulhas, 126 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) quadragenaria (USNM 91539, Eastern coast, off Shaka's Rock, 350 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) rugosa (SAMC _ A 090071, off Kosi-Kumpungwini (Sifungwe) Estuary, 370 m) I calicular view J lateral view K, N Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) sarsiae K, L (MN _ SM 226, off Mazeppa Bay, 710 - 775 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N (MN _ SM 174, off Kidds Beach, 760 m) M calicular view N lateral view O, P Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) scobinosa (SAM _ H 1248, off Durban, 91 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm.