Patia cordillera sororna (Butler, 1872)

Castro-Gerardino, Diana Jimena & Llorente-Bousquets, Jorge, 2019, Antennal ultrastructure in Patia (Pieridae, Dismorphiinae), Zootaxa 4559 (3), pp. 445-472 : 462-465

Patia cordillera sororna (male and female)

ANTENNAL CLUB ( Figs. 5 d–e): The nudum is 4.2 mm in length.

ANTENNOMERES ( Fig. 5h, j ): This species has 13–14 scaleless antennomeres; in the male, the first has scales in the dorsal and lateral-ventral surface, with a vertical scaleless band and expanded toward the distal and proximal margins; when the scales do not cover the ventral surface, they are only in the dorsal area and the proximal margin of the antennomere. In the female, the scaleless area invades the ventral surface of the preceding segment, where there is one pseudosulci (with just one trichoid sensillum), and others sensilla. The first antennomere is isometric, and the following proximal (2–4) are a bit depressed or are isometric. The medial antennomeres are depressed, and the distal ones are very depressed while the distal fused antennomere is compressed. The ratio l/w in the proximal joints (1–4) is 0.8–1.2. In the medial segments (5–8) is of 0.6–0.8 while in the distal (9–11 or 12) is 0.5 to 0.8; in the distal fused is from 1.3 to 1.6. The first two antennomeres of the nudum are cylindrical, and the following are doliform. The distal one is digitate with the blunt apex in the male and sharp apex in the female.

SULCI AND PSEUDOSULCI: The species have 13 central and 22–28 lateral sulci. Almost all antennomeres exhibit the trisulcate configuration; the sulci are reduced, or only there is the central sulcus in the first segment of the nudum. In the proximal segments, the central sulci extend from one-sixth to one-fourth of the length of the antennomere that contains them; in the medial ones, they occupy one-third to one-half of the length of the antennomere and in the distal ones of one-half to three-fourths. They occupy 1/7 to 1/5 of the amplitude of the antennomere in the first two knots of the nudum and a little over one-third in the following. In the male, the central sulci are semicircular or elliptical with continuous edges, except those of the first two proximal antennomeres that are discontinuous and have a quasi-circular or inverted quasi-triangular shape. In the female, almost all sulci are irregular and have discontinuous contours. They are separated from the distal margin of the antennomeres by up to five rows of microtrichia m2. The lateral sulci are smaller than the central ones and occupy between one-fourth and one-third of the length of the antennomere that contains them. In the distal antennomeres, the lateral sulci are truncated and close to the distal margin of the antennomere; while in the proximal ones up to seven rows of m2 separate them from this margin. They are irregular with discontinuous edges in the proximal ones. The pseudosulci are frequent in proximal segments although they are not abundant; in the medial they are scarce, and in the distal they are absent. In the female, the pseudosulci are scarce. They are under the central sulci or close to the laterals. In the first or second antennomere of the nudum, there are pseudosulci instead of the lateral sulci. The trisulcate configuration appears since the second antennomere, and sometimes the laterals are disaggregated.

MICROTRICHIA ( Figs. 5n, p, r, s ): The microtrichia are type m1–m4. The st:m1 ratio of the central sulci is 1: 3 in the most of them; in some proximal and distal it is 1:5 or 1:4. In the lateral sulci the ratio st:m1 is 1:3 or 1: 4 in the proximal and distal.

TRICHOID SENSILLA ( Fig. 5p ): The length of the trichoid sensilla is 25.3 µm (n = 6; 21.5–33.2 µm); in the pseudosulci they are a little shorter, 20.7 µm (n = 5; 18.4–23.0 µm). Sometimes two trichoid sensilla (st) emerge from the same socket. The number of st in the central sulci is greater than in other subspecies of Patia, and its distribution is irregular; the central sulcus of the ninth antennomere has the largest number of st. In the central sulci, there are two to three times more trichoid sensilla than in the lateral sulci.

CHAETIC SENSILLA: The chaetic sensilla measure on average 44 µm (n = 3; 38.9–51.3 µm) in length. Its distribution is the characteristic of the subfamily, and it is always close to the distal margin of the antennomere. They are scarce at the apex of the distal fused antennomere.

OTHER SENSILLA ( Figs. 5n, r ): The squamiform sensilla is in the proximal antennomeres. In the first segment of the nudum, there are up to four of them and in the second only two. They have an average length of 29.6 µm (n = 4; 28.8–31.7 µm). There is also auriculate sensilla (sa) distributed throughout the antennomere, and the coeloconic (sc) are more frequent toward the sides; next, to the coeloconic sensilla, there is a claviform sensillum that is very rare. The basiconic sensilla are scarce. In the proximal antennomeres, there are some campaniform sensilla.

Trends and gradations in sulci and pseudosulci. In the genus, we observe a pattern in which the pseudosulci are distributed randomly in the most basal segment with scales, and then, along with the club, they meet near the incipient central sulcus and are aggregated to it until forming a large sulcus, first irregular contour and after regular and continuous ( Fig. 6 ). Pseudosulci are more frequent in basal antennomeres, which is part of this aggregation trend. In the antennal masses with a higher number of pseudosulci, the aggregation of these to form a sulcus even extends to the distal antennomeres. The clubs with the lowest number of pseudosulci show well-formed, regular and continuous central sulci; this occur in the basal or medial antennomeres. The central sulci of the basal antennomeres are usually irregular and discontinuous but gradually change to a more regular and continuous state as the pseudosulci aggregate. The lateral sulci can present the same trend, and in the clubs with few pseudosulci, these are complete although they are smaller, irregular and discontinuous. The lateral sulci may also be absent and in their place are several pseudosulci which, as with the central sulci, aggregate to form the lateral sulci in the medial or distal segments ( Fig. 6 ).

Figures

FIGURE 5 (a–f). Antennal microstructures of Patia cordillera sspp. a. Antennal club of P. c. cordillera male; b. Antennal club of P. c. cordillera female (x35); c. Antennal club of P. c. larunda female (scale bar 100 µm); d. Antennal club of P. c. sororna male; e. Antennal club of Patia c. sororna female (scale bar 200 µm); f. First antennomere of the nudum of P. c. cordillera male where the central sulcus is disintegrated in a small sulcus and several pseudosulci (x 230).

FIGURE 6. Diagram of gradual change in the distribution and aggregation of sulci and pseudosulci in the antennal club of Patia. On the left Patia rhetes male; A: antennomere, sc: central sulcus; sl: lateral sulcus; ps: pseudosulci. On the right Patia orise orise male. In the center the schema (X) that shows the aggregation trend of the pseudosulci to form the sulci (central or lateral, x 2 irregular and x 3 regular).