Traumatophora Ancey, 1887

Wu, Min, 2019, A taxonomic note on the helicoid land snail genus Traumatophora (Eupulmonata, Camaenidae), ZooKeys 835, pp. 139-152 : 139

Traumatophora Ancey, 1887

Traumatophora Ancey, 1887: 54; Pilsbry 1890: 6; Pilsbry 1894: 145-146, subgenus of Plectopylis Benson, 1860; Schmacker and Boettger 1894: 173, subgenus of Stegodera Martens, 1876; Yen 1939: 125; Schileyko 2003: 1512-1513.

Type species.

Helix triscalpta Martens, 1875; original designation.

Diagnosis.

Embryonic shell smooth. Palatal teeth present. Dart sac tiny. A ball-shaped proximal accessory sac with opening leading to dart sac chamber. Mucous glands numerous; developed; entering accessory sac by a papilla. Epiphallic papilla absent. Flagellum present.

Description.

Shell depressed; solid; with approximately five moderately convex whorls. Last whorl descending behind aperture. Embryonic whorls smooth. Aperture oblique; with three palatal lamellar teeth. Outer surface of body whorl with longitudinal depressions corresponding to teeth. Aperture margins reflexed. Umbilicus moderately broad ( Schileyko 2003, slightly altered).

Membranous sac surrounding terminal genitalia absent. Penis sheath absent. Epiphallic papilla wanting. Penial caecum absent. Flagellum present. Dart sac tiny. Accessory sac developed; large; with transversal sphincter muscles. Mucous glands numerous; extremely developed; entering accessory sac by a papilla. A ball-shaped proximal accessory sac with opening leading to dart sac chamber. Poly-layered structure in dart apparatus absent (this study).

Distribution.

S China (extant range: Jiangxi, Hubei, Fujian and Zhejiang; Pleistocene: Jiangsu).

Remarks.

The genus Traumatophora is transferred herein to the subfamily Bradybaeninae based on the presence of a dart apparatus that is structurally similar to that of other genera in this subfamily. Features typical of the genus include presence of a penis sheath, flagellum, accessory and proximal accessory sac, mucous gland papilla and the absence of an epiphallic papilla, penial caecum, poly-layered structure, and a membranous sac surrounding the terminal genitalia; on this basis the genus Traumatophora is well distinguished from all the other anatomically known Chinese bradybaenine genera [Table 1; note: at transition of the penis-epiphallus in Acusta ( Wu 2004: fig. 18E), Laeocathaica ( Wu 2004: fig. B), Eueuhadra ( Wu 2004: figs 7B, 7E) and Aegistohadra ( Wu 2004: fig. 6C), the structures once called an "epiphallic papilla" are too invisibly tiny (especially compared with those in Pfeifferia Gray, 1853, Pliocathaica Andreae, 1900, etc.) to a true epiphallic papilla. Anatomy information of Armandiella Ancey, 1883 comes from A. sarelii (Martens, 1867) (HBUMM01113 specimen-3, collection information lost)]. However, until now detailed information on the anatomy of the terminal genitalia of the following genera Chinese endemic genera still remains unknown: Campylocathaica Andreae, 1900 and Xerocathaica Andreae, 1900.