Hedysarum syriacum Boiss.

Nafisi, Haniyeh, Kazempour-Osaloo, Shahrokh, Kaveh, Akram & Mahmoodi, Mohammad, 2021, A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae-Hedysareae) in Iran, Phytotaxa 511 (2), pp. 79-110 : 88-91

Hedysarum syriacum Boiss. (1843: 1(2)). Type :— SYRIA. Antab, s.d., P. M. R. Aucher-Eloy 1077 (Holotype, G-

00330396 [photo!], Isotypes, G-00382775 [photo!], G-00382776 [photo!], G-00382777 [photo!]; Iso W-0053000!)

Hedysarum atomarium Boiss. (1849: 1(9))!. Type:—In siccis SYRIA borealis: inter Darkusch et Antiochiam (Boiss), in Tauro Cillicico ad Gulek. Fl. Jun.

Hedysarum syriacum Boiss. subsp. atomarium (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch. (1902: 19) .

Hedysarum syriacum Boiss. subsp. Suffrutescens (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch. I.e.

Typical characters:— Stems 30–50 cm long. Leave with 4‒6 pairs of elliptic leaflets, upper leave 4‒6.5 cm, with (- 2)3–4 pairs of ovate-oblong leaflets, with small mucron, with a difference of color between two sides of leaflets, upper surface subglabrous. Peduncles slightly longer than subtending leave. Bract 5 mm long. Calyx 4‒5 mm, calyx teeth 1–1.5 times as long as tube. Corolla mauve, violet in dry; standard 16‒22 mm, glabrous; wings as long as the keel, 13‒18 mm long. Pods tetragon-orbicular, nodded at central, hairy, with flattened, undulate margins, with grey, thick, tomentose band around, without setae (Appendix 1).

Distribution:— Endemic to Syrian, Iraq, and Kermanshah province of Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Kermanshah: Tazeh-Abad to Azgaleh , 1135 m, 18.v.2004, Ranjbar 6145 ( BASU) .

Notes:— Lower calyx teeth are more or less as long as the tube, upper ones are long and until two times as long as the tube. Due to mauve-violet corolla color (not white-yellow) and pods without setae (not with short setae) we don’t treat this taxon as H. varium subsp. syriacum (Boiss.) C.C.Towns. (1971: 25) . Along with the specimen from Iran, three specimens from Iraq 80, 1194, 2122 ( W) and some specimens from Syria (holotype, G-00330396 [photo!], Isotypes, G-00382775, W-0053000 [photo!], G-00382776 [photo!], G-00382777 [photo!]) were observed too .

Hedysarum monophyllum Boriss. (1947: 10) . Type:— TURKMENISTAN. Kopet Dagh : Kshenski area , from Solynklya (Sulunklü) village toward u-z, near Iran border elevations, 9 July 1934, A. G. Barissova 209 (LE-00050383 [photo!], LE-00050382 [photo!])

Typical characters:— Plant 5‒12 cm long, stems as pleiocorms. Stipules 7‒13 mm long. All leave single, orbicularovate, 10‒40 × 7‒35 mm. Peduncle longer than or equaling stem, shorter than leave. Bract 6.5‒8 × 2‒5 mm. Bracteoles 2, up to 7 mm long. Calyx (-8) 13‒21 mm long, calyx teeth 6‒8 times as long as tube, sericeous‒ villose. Corolla 1‒1.2 times as long as calyx, violet in sicco.

Distribution:— Endemic to Turkmenistan and Khorasan province of Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Khorasan: Mashhad , between Karimabad and Kuh-e Hezarmasjed, 2450 m, Johartchi & Zangooei 15700 ( FUMH) .

Note:— Two specimens from Turkmenistan (LE-00050383 [photo!], LE-00050382 [photo!]) were observed too. In the nrDNA ITS tree H. monophyllum , H. renzii Rech. f. and H. plumosum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. formed a subclade [group “E”; Nafisi et al. (2019a)] sister to H. hyrcanum Bornm. & Gauba ; while in the plastid tree placed in a close relationship with H. elegans Boiss. and H. cappadocicum Boiss. (Nafisi et al. 2019a) .

Hedysarum renzii Rech. f. (1979: 34). Type:— IRAN. Khorasan: Kuh-e Ahangaran , 33° 22' N, 60° 06' E, in saxosis calc, summi montis, 2800 m, 2 June 1977, J. Renz 56187 (holotype, G-00365796 [photo!]; Isotype, W-0052999!; TARI!)

Typical characters:— Plant up to 6 cm long, internodes not developed, stems as pleiocorms. Stipules 3‒6.5 mm long, densely hairy. Petioles 2‒3.5 mm long. All leave single; orbicular-ovate, 11‒40 × 10‒30 mm, upper sides greengrayish, lower side denser and white. Inflorescence 2‒5.5 mm long. Peduncle 2.5‒3 mm, as long as stems, shorter than leave. Bract 4.5‒7 × 1.5‒2 mm. Bracteoles 2, 5‒ 6 mm long. Calyx 11‒15 mm long, plumose or villose, much denser than that of H. papillosum ; calyx teeth 4.6–8 times as long as tube. Corolla red, 13‒15 mm long, slightly longer to as long as calyx; standard slightly longer than the keel, retuse at the apex; wings 5‒6 mm, 2/5‒1/2x as long as the keel (Appendix 1).

Distribution:— Endemic to Semnan and Khorasan province of Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Semnan: Shahrud, Mojen , 1800 m, 04 August 1984, V . Mozaffarian , 48930 ( TARI) ; Khorasan: Kuhe Ahangaran , 33° 22'N, 60° 06'E in saxosis calc., summi montis, 2800 m, 02 June 1987, J . Renz. 56187 ( W), 129118 (holo, G-00365796 [photo!]); ca. 5 km toward Torbat-e Heydarieh , 1640 m, 03 June 2000, T . Eftekhari & M . Ahmedi 10254 ( TARI) .

Hedysarum plumosum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. (1872: 2) . Type :— IRAN. Bakhtiari: Kuh Kellal, 54° 11' 52" E, 32° 44' 22" N, September 1868, C. Haussknecht s.n. (Holotype, G-00330394 [photo!])

Typical characters:— Stems as pleiocorms. Stipules 8‒12 mm, densely hairy. Petiols 0.7‒2.5 mm long. Basal leave single, following leave 1 paired, leaflets 11‒26 × 9‒27 mm long, upper sides green-grayish, lower side dense and white, terminal leaflets much larger than besides. Inflorescence 5‒5.5 mm long. Peduncles 1.5‒5.5 mm, as long as stems, shorter than leave. Bract 7‒10 × 1‒2 mm long. Bracteoles 2, 6.5–8 mm long. Calyx 11‒20 mm long, plumose or villose, up to 1.5 mm; calyx teeth 4.3‒8 times as long as tube. Corolla red, longer to as long as calyx; standard 13‒18 mm long, obcordate at the apex, slightly longer than keel; wings 6‒10 mm long, 5/7‒1/2x as long as the keel. Pods canescent, without any setae, rugose with prominent ribs at margins (Appendix 1).

Distribution:— Distributed in C and NE of Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Semnan: Shahrud, Mojen , 2000 m, 06 June 1994, V . Mozaffarian , 72659 ( TARI) . Khorasan: 60 km north of Torbat-e Heydarieh, Robat sefid, 1750‒1900 m, 15 August 2000, M . Assadi & V . Mozaffarian 35890 ( TARI) . Lorestan: Gali Kuh, east of the passon road Aligodarz-Shoulabad , 3100‒3600 m, 01 July 1977, Runemark & Lazari 26483 ( TARI) . Bakhtiari: Kuh Kellal , 54° 11' 52" E, 32° 44' 22" N, 0 m, September 1868, C . Haussknecht s.n. (G-00330394 [photo!]) .

Hedysarum papillosum Boiss. (1872: 2) . Type:— IRAN. Azarbijan, 54° 11' 52" E / 32° 44' 22" N, s.d., P. M. R. Aucher-Eloy 4384 [holo., G-00330393 [photo!]; Iso , G-00382739 [photo!]; Iso , G-00382778 [photo!]; Iso. W!) Hedysarum persicum Bidarlord, F. Ghahrem. & Mozaff. (2015: 234) . Type:— IRAN. Ardabil, 50 km South Khalkhal, Aq-Dagh protected area, between Miyanroodan and Susahab villages, Aq-Dagh Mountain , 2850 m a.s.l., 37° 26' N, 48° 33' E, 03 July 2014, M. Bidarlord

15882 ( holotype: T, isotype: FAR, TARI) .

Typical characters:— Stems as pleiocorms, longer than previous species. Lower leave with 1–2 and subsequent leave with 2‒4 pairs of elliptic-obovate leaflets, leaflets in both sides silvery hairy. Inflorescence lax, few to many-flowered, 3 cm long. Peduncles 3–8.5 cm long, longer than the stem, shorter than leave. Bract ca. 4.5‒10 mm long. Bracteoles 2, 4.5‒7.5 mm long, much longer than the calyx tube. Calyx with hirtuse-villose hairs, calyx teeth 3.6‒5.4 times as long as tube. Standard petal 13‒19 mm long, retuse at the apex, as long as to longer than the keel; wings 5.5‒11 mm long, 1/2‒3/4x as long as the keel; keel 14‒17 mm long. Pods 1–2 jointed, rugose, ribbed, especially with prominent ribs at margins, canescent, in immature pods denser at the center, with very tiny setae (Appendix 1).

Distribution:— Endemic to Azarbaijan, Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Azarbaijan: near to Chalil kuh near Razhan, 2600 m, 02 July 1974, W . Rechinger & J . Renz 48785 ( W); ca. 30 km NE of Marand, Kuh Kamar, Aderbidjan , 54° 11' 52" E / 32° 44' 22" N, s.d., P . M . R. Aucher-Eloy 4384 (G-holo, Iso, [photo!]; W!); ca. 30 km NE of Marand, Kuh Kamar village , 2000‒2600 m, 17 June 1988, M . Assadi & Shahsavari 65644 ( TARI); Mianeh, 62 km of Tabriz road, 1600 m, 1 June 1971, H . Foroughi 1689 ( TARI); pass ca. 20 km south of Ahar on road to Tabriz, 1700–1800 m, 31 May 1978, Wendelbo & Assadi 27963 ( TARI); mountains in West of Bazargan , 1500‒1700 m, 28 June 1978, M . Assadi & Mozaffarian 30175 ( TARI); 1983, P . M . R. Aucher-Eloy 4384 ( W); Khoy, Ghotur, near the boundary, Kani Ziarat , 2200 m, 04 June 2008, Sh. Kazempour- Osaloo et al. 2008-02 ( TUH) . Ardabil: 50 km South Khalkhal, Aq-Dagh protected area, between Miyanroodan and Susahab villages, Aq-Dagh Mountain , 2850 m a.s.l., 37° 26' N, 48° 33' E, 03 July 2014, M . Bidarlord 15882 ( H. persicum ; holotype: T, isotype: FAR, TARI) .

Notes:— In the phylogenetic analyses, H. persicum , a newly described species from Northern Iran ( Bidarlord et al. 2015), did not form a close relationship with H. cappadocicum 3540 (GAZI [Photo!], but with H. papillosum . Hedysarum persicum has indicated just one singleton nucleotide difference with H. papillosum , in nrDNA ITS region (Nafisi et al. 2019a). On the other hand, all of the examined morphological characters were in the overlap between both species. The described 1‒2 pairs of leaflets in the H. persicum is duo to the primary stage of growth in the plant, as having the least number of leaflets in primary leave is a common character of all Hedysarum species. Previously described ca. 4.5 mm long bract for H. papillosum is regarded to the small stature of specimens and their ecologic situation. As in the specimen no. 30175 we evaluated bract with 5–10 mm long.

Hedysarum sericeum M.Bieb. (1808: 2) . ≡ H. grandiflorum Pall. subsp. sericeum (M.Bieb.) B.Fedtsch. (1902:19) . Type:— Iberia (Georgia), 1802, s.n. (LE-01009344 [photo!]); s. d., P. S. Pallas s.n. (HAL-0119511[photo!])

Typical characters:— Plant stem as pleiocorm, rootstock thin. Leave with 2‒4 pairs of ovate or oblong (elongated elliptic) leaflets, 7‒25 × 2‒13 mm, upper sides green, margins, and lower side white. Inflorescence lax, few to manyflowered, elongating in fruit. Peduncles almost as long as or shorter than leave. Bract 6‒10 mm long. Bracteoles 2, 4.5‒6 mm long, up to 2.5 times as long as the calyx tube. Calyx with sericeous-villose patent hairs, more similar to H. papillosum , sometimes with longer hairs up to 2 mm, calyx teeth 4–5 times as long as tube. Corolla Magenta. Fresh standard petals 12–21.5 mm long, with darker striate, obcordate at the apex; wings 5–14 mm long, <1/2‒2/3x as long as the keel. Pods 1–2 jointed, rugose, ribbed, especially with prominent ribs at margins, canescent, denser at the center, with very tiny setae and prominent ones at margins (Fig 3; Appendix 1).

Distribution:— E Anatolia, Caucase, and Azarbaijan province of Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Azarbaijan: North West of Khoy; Khoy, Between Aland river valley and Qeris villege, 2100 m, K . H . Rechinger 49463 ( W); Khoy, Between Aland river valley and Qeris villege, 26 June 2015, Sh. Kazempour-Osaloo & Nafisi 10-03-1394, 11-03-1394, 12-03-1394, 13-03-1394, 14-03-1394, 15-03-1394 ( TMUH); 16 KM Chaldran to Khoy, Baghlachi sofla, Sefidkuh , 2150–2847 m, 16 July 2016, M . Amini Rad & Bahrami-Shad 107413 ( TARI) .

Notes:— In the nuclear phylogenetic tree, a close relationship of Iranian materials of Hedysarum sericeum with H. elegans specimens collected from Turkey, was found, but in the plastid tree, they united with H. papillosum (Nafisi et al. 2019a) .

Herewith, we present the comparison between some key traits of H. elegans and H. sericeum in different geographic regions. Hedysarum elegans (Holotype, G-00330428[Photo!]) possess ovate-orbicular leaflets, upper surface whitelight green, pilose, looser on the upper side, wing petals 5/7x as long as the keel. Hedysarum sericeum specimens from Georgia ( Iberia) LE-01009344[type. Photo!]); HAL-119511!; JE-00010231[Photo!], JE-00010232[Photo!]; 206, 1194 (W!), B-2343 [Photo!]] possess ovate or oblong (elongated) leaflets, with upper surface intensely dark green and ± glabrous and sericeous below, wing petals 3/5x (and 1/2x in LE-01009344) as long as the keel. Armenia specimens (W-0002203!; W-0002799!) possess ovate and orbicular leaflets and wing petals slightly longer than 1/2x as long as the keel. The two species have overlapping features, including the lengths of scapus, leaflet, corolla, bract, and bracteoles. Leaflets in the Iranian specimens (e.g. W-0007074! and other collected ones) are ovate or lanceolate-ovate, upper surface light green and pilose, looser on the upper side, but still looser than that of H. elegans , wing petals 1/2x or shorter than the keel. However, leaflets indumentum of Iranian specimen is intermediate of H. sericeum and H. elegans . Hence, due to having ovate-elongate leaflets, we here identified the Iran and Turkey specimens 8910 (GAZI [Photo!]) as H. sericeum .

Hedysarum vanense Hedge & Hub. -Mor. (1969: 29). Type:— TURKEY. Gürpinar: Van to Hoşap , stepp 15 km W to Hoşap , 2020m, Huber Morath 11164 (Holotype, G-00388545!)

Description:— Stems 40‒60 cm long, internodes developed, not numerous, erect, 35‒45 cm long. Stipules brown, 5 × 2.5 mm, mostly connate, acuminate. Leave with 2‒3 pairs of oblong-elliptic leaflets, 8‒20 × 2‒8 mm, with an adpressed pilose indumentum on both surfaces; stipules triangular, membranous, united, light brown, c. 3 mm long. Peduncles 1.5‒2 times as long as subtending leave and shorter than stem. Inflorescence lax, few to many-flowered, elongating in fruit. Bract 6‒6.5 mm. Calyx 4‒6 mm long with unequal 2‒4 mm long teeth. Corolla purplish-red; standard 10‒12 mm long, retuse at the apex; wings 6‒9 mm long; keel 9‒14 mm long. Pod with 1‒3 broad elliptic flattened to semi-convex segments, sometimes compressed, c. 15 × 9 mm, ribbed, slightly rugose with short hairs, without setae (Appendix 1).

Distribution:— Endemic to Turkey and Azarbaijan province of Iran.

Representative specimens:— IRAN. Azarbaijan : Urmia to Sero, Khanik village, 2000 m, 20.8.1995, Alizadeh et al. 720 ( TARI) .

Note:— The type specimen of the species from Turkey (W-00013371; Holotype G-00388545 [photo!];) was observed, too .