Xangoniscus chaimowiczi López-Orozco, Borja-Arrieta & Campos-Filho, 2024

López-Orozco, Carlos Mario, Borja-Arrieta, Ricardo, Carpio-Díaz, Yesenia Margarita, Gallão, Jonas Eduardo, Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares & Bichuette, Maria Elina, 2024, Describing to preserve – three new species of Xangoniscus (Oniscidea, Styloniscidae) of unprotected caves in dry areas from Bahia state, northeastern Brazil, Subterranean Biology 50, pp. 79-104 : 79-104

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.3897/subtbiol.50.139914
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:98DE6D7C-2352-480A-8B85-24B6B14F8279
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14418455
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B38058FA-49CF-576C-B81C-44DA7969887F
treatment provided by	Subterranean Biology by Pensoft
scientific name	Xangoniscus chaimowiczi López-Orozco, Borja-Arrieta & Campos-Filho
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Xangoniscus chaimowiczi López-Orozco, Borja-Arrieta & Campos-Filho sp. nov.

Figs 1 View Figure 1 , 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5 , 6 View Figure 6

Type material.

Holotype • 1 male ( MZUSP 29529 View Materials ), Bahia, Santana, Gruta do Padre cave , - 13.216325, - 44.065194, Sala dos Anfipodes, July 1987, leg. F. Chaimowicz. GoogleMaps Paratypes • 1 male (parts in slides), 1 male ( MZUSP 29529 View Materials ), same data as holotype GoogleMaps • 2 males ( MZUSP 29429 View Materials ), same data as holotype GoogleMaps • 1 male ( MZUSP 29565 View Materials ), sedimentos do conduto das plaquetas (no rio), same data as holotype GoogleMaps • 4 males ( MZUSP 29540 View Materials ), rio dos Travertinos , same data as holotype GoogleMaps • 2 males, 1 female ( MZUSP 29421 View Materials ), Conduto Biógeo , same data as holotype GoogleMaps .

Description.

Maximum body length: male 10.2 mm, female 6.5 mm. Body outline as in Figs 3 A, B View Figure 3 , 4 A View Figure 4 . Colourless (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ). Dorsal surface smooth, with scattered fringed scale setae (Figs 3 A, B View Figure 3 , 4 A, B View Figure 4 ). Cephalon (Figs 3 C View Figure 3 , 4 C View Figure 4 ) with large quadrangular antennary lobes; vertex with slightly lateral depression to fit antennae when extended backward, profrons with V-shaped suprantennal line, not surpassing antennule insertion; eyes absent. Pereonite 1 epimera with distal corners developed frontwards, posterior corners right-angled; pereonites 2–7 epimera gradually directed backward posterior corners progressively more acute (Figs 3 A, B View Figure 3 , 4 A View Figure 4 ); pleon narrower than pereon; pleonites 3–5 epimera posterior point not developed (Figs 3 D View Figure 3 , 4 A View Figure 4 ). Telson with concave sides and rounded apex (Fig. 4 D View Figure 4 ). Antennula (Fig. 4 E View Figure 4 ) composed of three articles, proximal and distal articles subequal in length, second article shortest, and distal article with 12 long aesthetascs. Antenna (Fig. 4 F View Figure 4 ) short, not surpassing pereonite 2 when extended backward; flagellum shorter than fifth article of peduncle, with three articles subequal in length. Left mandible (Fig. 4 G View Figure 4 ) with two penicils; right mandible (Fig. 4 H View Figure 4 ) with one penicil. Maxillula (Fig. 4 I View Figure 4 ) inner endite with three penicils; outer endite with 5 + 5 teeth, apically simple, and two plumose stalks. Maxilla (Fig. 4 J View Figure 4 ) with setose and bilobate apex, outer lobe smaller. Maxilliped (Fig. 4 K View Figure 4 ) basis enlarged on distal portion bearing fringe of fine setae; first article of palp with two tiny setae, distal articles with three tufts of setae; endite rectangular, outer and medial margins setose, apically with two triangular teeth and large rounded penicil. Uropod (Fig. 4 D View Figure 4 ) branches short and inserted at same level, exopod slightly longer than endopod. Pereopods 1–7 (Fig. 5 A – G View Figure 5 ) gradually elongated, with merus, carpus, and propodus bearing sparse setae; dactylus of one claw bearing many setae on outer margin.

Male. Pereopods 1–6 (Fig. 5 A – F View Figure 5 ) merus with proximal portion bearing fringed scales and thin setae on sternal margin. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 5 A View Figure 5 ) carpus with large antennal grooming brush. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 5 E View Figure 5 ) carpus with slightly lobe on proximal sternal margin. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 5 F View Figure 5 ) ischium enlarged with flattened sternal part; carpus enlarged, rostral portion bearing dense field of tiny lobules; propodus with central part enlarged, with longitudinal furrow in ventral view, and very tiny setae in dorsal. Pereopod 7 (Fig. 5 G View Figure 5 ) without distinct modifications. Genital papilla (Fig. 6 A View Figure 6 ) lanceolate. Pleopod 1 (Fig. 6 A View Figure 6 ) exopod subtriangular, longer than wide, inner and outer margins bearing fringe of fine setae; endopod longer than exopod, with narrow basal article and flagelliform distal article; basipod distal margin elongate and acute apex, longer than exopod, with fine and long setae. Pleopod 2 (Fig. 6 B View Figure 6 ) exopod trapezoidal, distal margin slightly convex; endopod of two articles, distal article about three times as long as proximal, with distal margin subquadrangular and apex rounded, with transversal process in V-like on apex in ventral view. Pleopod 3 (Fig. 6 C View Figure 6 ) exopod triangular, longer than wide, covering pleopods 1 and 2, fringed with short setae. Pleopod 4 and 5 (Fig. 6 D, E View Figure 6 ) exopods trapezoidal, wider than long, with margins bearing several short setae.

Etymology.

The new species is named after Dr. Flavio Chaimowicz, for his important contributions to the knowledge of the Brazilian speleology, who collected the specimens.

Distribution.

Presently known only from Gruta do Padre cave in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ).

Remarks.

The genus Xangoniscus includes 10 amphibious troglobitic species, with a distribution restricted to caves of the Bambui Geomorphological Group between the northeast and southeast regions of Brazil in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. Currently, the genus is well defined morphologically, and the main characteristic is the complex shape of the apex of the endopod of pleopod 2 in males. Xangoniscus chaimowiczi sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus in having the antennula with twelve long aesthetascs (vs. two in X. aganju Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 , X. lapaensis Campos-Filho, Gallo & Bichuette, 2022 , and X. odara Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti, 2016 , three in X. ibiracatuensis Bastos-Pereira, Souza & Ferreira, 2017 , X. lundi Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira, Souza & Ferreira, 2020 , and X. santinhoi Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira, Souza & Ferreira, 2020 , four in X. dagua Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira, Souza & Ferreira, 2020 , four or five in X. ceci Cardoso, Bastos-Pereira, Souza & Ferreira, 2020 , five in X. loboi Campos-Filho, Gallão & Bichuette, 2022 , six in X. itacarambiensis Bastos-Pereira, Souza & Ferreira, 2017 ), pereopod 5 carpus with tiny lobe in proximal margin (vs. absent in all species), pereopod 6 carpus enlarged (vs. not enlarged in all species), and pereopod 6 propodus with longitudinal furrow (vs. absent in all species) ( Campos-Filho et al. 2015, 2022 b; Bastos-Pereira et al. 2017; Cardoso et al. 2020).

Natural history.

Xangoniscus chaimowiczi sp. nov. inhabits various areas of the Gruta do Padre cave. Specimens were collected from the river, specifically within the conducto das plaquetas, where they were found living in the sediment. It also inhabits travertine ponds inside the cave. This latter behaviour has been documented in several other Xangoniscus species (Cardoso et al. 2020; Campos-Filho et al. 2022 b).