Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854)

Pitriana, Pipit, Valente, Luis, von Rintelen, Thomas, Jones, Diana S., Prabowo, Romanus E. & von Rintelen, Kristina, 2020, An annotated checklist and integrative biodiversity discovery of barnacles (Crustacea, Cirripedia) from the Moluccas, East Indonesia, ZooKeys 945, pp. 17-83 : 17

Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) Figure 21a-h , Table 1: species no. 87

Balanus amphitrite Darwin, 1854: 240 (part.), pl. 5. figs 2a-d, i-k, m-o; Weltner 1897:264; Hoek 1913: 167; Pilsbry 1916: 89; Zevina et al. 1992: 89, fig. 61; Puspasari et al. 2001b: 7.

Balanus amphitrite var. (1) communis Darwin, 1854: 240, pl. 5 fig. 2e, h, l.

Balanus amphitrite communis : Nilsson-Cantell 1921: 311, fig. 64.

Balanus amphitrite forma hawaiiensis Broch, 1922: 314, fig. 56 (part.).

Balanus amphitrite forma denticulata Broch, 1927b: 133, fig. 14 (part.).

Balanus amphitrite hawaiiensis : Hiro 1937c: 432, figs 20, 21.

Balanus amphitrite cochinensis Nilsson-Cantell, 1938b: 43, fig. 11a-e.

Balanus amphitrite var. fluminensis Oliveira, 1941: 21, pl. 4 fig. 4, pl. 5 figs 1, 2, pl. 8 figs 1-5.

Balanus amphitrite var. aeratus Oliveira, 1941: 22, pl. 4 fig. 5, pl. 9 figs 1-4.

Balanus amphitrite herzi Rogers, 1949: 8, pl. 1 figs 6, 12-15.

Balanus amphitrite franciscanus Rogers, 1949: 9, pl. 1 figs 5, 7, 16-19.

Balanus amphitrite var. columnarius Tarasov & Zevina, 1957: 179, 184, fig. 68 a-e.

Balanus amphitrite denticulata Henry, 1959: 192, pl. 1 fig. 5, pl. 3 fig. 7, upper row right.

Balanus amphitrite amphitrite : Harding 1962: 274, pl. 1a-g, pl. 2a-k; Dong et al. 1982: 90, fig. A-E; Rosell 1981: 302.

Balanus amphitrite var. hawaiiensis : Stubbings 1963b: 15.

Amphibalanus amphitrite : Pitombo 2004: 263, 274, figs 2A, B, 7A, B, 8C; Chan et al. 2009a: 241; Chen et al. 2014: 1071; Shahdadi et al. 2014: 213; Pochai et al. 2017: 27, fig. 9; Xu 2017: 48.

Material examined.

Ambon Island: 4 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 005, Galala, 3°41'22.2"S, 128°10'52.6"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 6 Sep 2016. Saparua Island: 4 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 007, Desa Mahu, 3°32'19.6"S, 128°41'17.3"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 11 Apr 2016; 5 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 008, Negeri Mahu, 3°31'52.9"S, 128°41'12.4"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 11 Apr 2016; 2 specimens, MZB Cru Cir 009, Tuhaha, 3°32'38.1"S, 128°40'58.0"E, coll. P. Pitriana & D. Tala, 21 Sep 2016.

Diagnosis.

Primary parietal tubes with transverse septa; exterior of shell with longitudinal purple striations, horizontal striations absent; tergum short with wide spur; cirri III-VI with erect teeth below posterior angles of distal; cirrus III without complex setae.

Description.

Shell six plated, conical, round;, externally smooth, white with groups of well-spaced, dark purple vertical stripes, horizontal striations on shell surface absent (Fig. 21a, b ), interior of parietes with single row of tubes (Fig. 21c ); radii solid, wide; alae with summits moderately oblique (Fig. 21a, b ); basis porous, calcareous; scutum externally striped, internally with prominent articular ridge 3/5 length of tergal margin, well separated from straight adductor ridge, occluding margin toothed, lateral depressor muscle pit small (Fig. 21d, e ); tergum with spur wider than long, less than its own width from basi-scutal angle (Fig. 21d, e ); mandible with four teeth (Fig. 21g ); labrum multi-denticulate (Fig. 21h ). Basal length 3.1-17.8 mm; basal width 2.8-17.6 mm; height 2.1-10.8 mm; orifice length 1.5-8.1 mm; orifice width 1.5-5.4 mm (measurements for 15 specimens are presented in Suppl. material 1: Table S20).

Distribution.

Amphibalanus amphitrite is commonly found on beaches and in estuaries, lives attached to harsh natural substrate, such as bedrock, rocks, shells of molluscs, as well as the roots and trunks of mangrove trees. Many specimens also stick to artificial substrates, such as ship hulls and the walls and pillars of docks. Amphibalanus amphitrite is spread globally tropical and subtropical waters ( Zullo et al. 1972; Henry and McLaughlin 1975; Chen et al. 2014). In this study, A. amphitrite was found on the islands of Ambon (at Galala) and Saparua (at Desa Mahu, Negeri Mahu and Tuhaha) on stone, mollusc shells and the capitulum of Lepas anserifera (a map with the occurrence of Amphibalanus amphitrite in the Moluccas is shown in Suppl. material 1: Fig. S4).

Remarks.

Amphibalanus amphitrite is difficult to distinguish from two other members of the subgenus Balanus , i.e., Balanus crenatus Bruguière, 1789 and Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854. However, A. amphitrite can usually be distinguished from the other species by the multi-denticulated labrum and also by the colour pattern of the parietes and sheath ( Henry and McLaughlin 1975).

Figures

Figure 21. Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854) (MZB Cru Cir 005 - 4) a upper view b side view c lower view d external view of scutum and tergum e internal view of scutum and tergum f maxilla g mandible h labrum. Scale bars: 4 mm (a-c); 1 mm (d, e); 0.5 mm (f-h).