Thygater analis ( Lepeletier 1841 )

Freitas, Felipe V. & Silveira, Fernando A., 2017, Synopsis of the bee genus Thygater Holmberg 1884 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, with the description of a new species and a key to all Brazilian species, Zootaxa 4238 (1), pp. 1-29 : 6-11

Thygater analis ( Lepeletier 1841)

( Figs. 1 .B; 2.A; 3.A; 5)

Macrocera analis Lepeletier 1841 ;

Melissodes terminata Smith 1854 ;

Tetralonia bifasciata Smith 1854 ;

Melissodes modesta Smith 1879 ;

Macroglossa oribazi Radoszkowski 1884 ;

Tetralonia pygialis Buysson 1892 ;

Eucera venezuelae Dalla Torre 1896 (nom. nov. for Melissodes terminata Smith 1854 ); Thygater chrysophora Holmberg 1903 ;

Macrocera buccosa Vachal 1904 ;

Macrocera buccosa var. nigricollis Vachal 1904 ; Macroglossapis nigravillosa Crawford 1906 ; Macroglossapis holmbergi Brèthes 1909 ;

Macroglossapis buccosa var. nigriventris Brèthes 1910 ; Thygater arechavaletae Bertoni & Schrottky 1910 ; Thygater zamoranica Cockerell 1949 ;

Thygater (Thygater) analis ; Urban 1967; Urban, Moure & Melo 2012.

Diagnosis. Thygater analis also belong to the group of species which females have translucent-amber apical portions of terga and males with entirely black integument and predominantly whitish pilosity on head and mesosoma. In this group, female T. analis can be distinguished from those of the sympatric T. anae and T. palliventris by the presence of bright yellow pilosity on the marginal zones of terga, contrasting with the dark pilosity elsewhere on the terga ( Fig. 5 .C) (in T. anae and T. palliventris the metasomal pilosity is homogeneously yellowish or fuscous ( Fig. 4 .B, C, 13.B, C). Mesosomal pilosity of male T. analis may be predominantly brownish or predominantly whitish; those males with whitish pilosity on mesosoma and predominantly black pilosity on metasoma can be distinguished from male T. palliventris only by the median plate of S7 ( Fig. 3 ). In T. analis , the posterior margin of the proximal lobe, and the anterior margin of the distal lobe of S7 are fringed with thick setae ( Fig. 3 .A), while in T. palliventris these setae are restricted to the proximal lobe ( Fig. 3 .D); moreover, the proximal lobe of S 7 in T. analis is narrow and its anterior and lateral margins meet in a very acute angle ( Fig. 3 .A), while in T. palliventris it is wider, with its anterior margin bulging and meeting the lateral margin in a wider angle ( Fig. 3 .D). The males of T. analis with whitish mesosomal pilosity and predominantly black pilosity on metasoma can be distinguished from those of T. anae by the absence of a complete marginal fringe on S4 (present in T. anae ) ( Fig. 1 ).

Description ♀: Integument black, except brown on labrum, translucent-amber areas on apex of marginal zones of terga and S2–S5, and dark brown on disk of sterna; on clypeus densely punctate (>1 dp); on mesosoma reticulate with moderately sparse punctation (±1 dp) on mesoscutum, and slightly denser on mesepisternum and scutellum; translucent-amber areas on apex of marginal zones of S2– S5 2 /3 as long as F2; on S6 smooth along midlongitudinal stripe. Pilosity white on gena; on frons and paraocular areas with a mixture of white, fuscous and brown hairs; on vertex fuscous; on mesosoma dense, especially on mesepisternum, its color, especially on dorsum, brown or black or, sometimes, gray; on metasoma, brown basally on T1, black on rest of T1 and basally on T2–T4, depressed, bright yellow on marginal zones of T2–T4 (not evident in some specimens); fuscous and very dense on T5 and T6; on sterna, lighter, varying from fuscous to whitish; on marginal zone of S5, formed by dense hair fringe; on S6 laterally short and dense. Structure —malar area about 1/3 as long as basal mandibular width; basal depression of clypeus reaching 1/6 of clypeal length; clypeus weakly convex, weakly elevated on disc; S6 with weak mid-longitudinal keel.

♂: Integument entirely black, except whitish-yellow on labrum and translucent-amber on apex of marginal zones of on disc of T1–T5 (not always evidently so) and of S2–S5; on clypeus finely punctate, entirely reticulate; on mesosoma dull, reticulate, punctation moderately dense (1 dp); on disc of T1–T5 sparsely punctate (1 dp); on S6 smooth. Pilosity on head predominantly white with fuscous setae intermingled on paraocular area and frons; on vertex fuscous; on mesosoma and legs variable among specimens, brown, black or rarely gray, on T1 white basally, black apically, as in T2 and T3, and base of T4; on apex of T4, and on T5 and T6 bright yellow (on apex of T4 this golden pilosity may be absent or restricted to a few bristles spread through the postgradular region; in some specimens, this golden pilosity completely absent); dorsally, on meso and metasoma, white, sometimes blackish laterally on sterna; on S6 forming hourglass-shaped, longitudinal band of simple hairs. Structure —malar area 1/2 as long as basal mandibular width; clypeus weakly convex, with weak mid-longitudinal keel, its basal depression occupying 1/5 of clypeal length; T7 deeply emarginated, forming two sharp spines; apical margin of S5 without projections; S6 lacking carinae.

Holotype (male): Brazil (MNHP)—not examined (see taxonomic notes below).

Variation and taxonomic notes: This is the most abundant species in the genus, not only in the state, but throughout South America ( Urban 1967). The striking variation in the pilosity color of T. analis was discussed in detail by Urban (1967). In Minas Gerais, both the melanic and the flavinic forms, as defined by Urban, can be found. It is important to note that some of the males have the whole tergal pilosity dark (without the golden hairs found on apical terga of many of them). These males are indistinguishable from male T. palliventris , except for characters of the terminalia (see identification key and diagnosis, above).

The type specimen of T. analis was not examined, however, Moure (in Urban 1967) noted that the pilosity of the apical terga of the holotype is pale golden (as opposed to whitish in Lepeletier’s original description), a feature found only in one of the species occurring in Brazil. This gives confidence on the present interpretation of the species.

Examined material (227 specimens 101 ♀♀ and 126 ♂♂). ARGENTINA —MISSIONES: Puerto Iguazu —P. N. Iguazu— 04/05/2008, A. Taylor & N. Veiga 1♀; 26/05/2008 1♀ [PCYU]. BRAZIL — ESPÍRITO SANTO: Dores do Rio Preto — 02/04/2007, A.A. Azevedo 1♀ [UFMG]. GOIÁS: Alto Paraíso de Goiás – 10/04/2007, M.F. Goulart 1♀ [UFMG]. MINAS GERAIS: Alpinópolis —xx/11/1961, C. Elias 1♀ [ RPSP] . Alto Capara — 04/04/2007, M.F. Goulart 1♀ [UFMG]; 03/12/2015, J.E. Santos-Junior & J.C. Oliveira, 4♀♀ 31♂♂. Alto Jequitib —PARNA Capara— 03/12/2015, J.E. Santos-Junior & J.C. Oliveira, 7♂♂. Araguari — 16/07/2007, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFMG]. Araponga — 25/03/1986, G. Melo 1♂ [UFV]; 13/05/1989, A.A. Soares 1♀ [UFV]. Belo Horizonte — 02/01/1988, F.A. da Silveira, 9♀♀ 1♂ [UFV]; 25/01/1989, L.A.O. Campos, 3♂♂ [UFV]; 09/03/1996, F.A. Silveira, 3♀♀ 4♂♂ [UFMG]; 19/11/1996, F.A. Silveira 1♂ [UFMG]; 07/01/1997, R.S. Oliveira 1♂ [UFMG]; 08/01/1997, R.M. Carmo 1♂ [UFMG]; 20/01/1997, R.S. Oliveira 1♂ [UFMG]; 08/05/1997, R.S. Oliveira 2♂♂ [UFMG]; 05/10/1997, P.E.M. Guimarães, 3♂♂ [UFMG]; 11/10/1997, P.E.M. Guimarães 1♀ [UFMG]; 19/10/1997, P.E.M. Guimarães 2♂♂ [UFMG]; 25/12/1997, P.E.M. Guimarães, 3♂♂ [UFMG]; 31/12/1997, P.E.M. Guimarães 1♀ [UFMG]; 08/ 08/2000, M. Pompeu 1♂ [UFMG]; 07/06/2000, M. Pompeu 2♀♀ [UFMG]; 21/06/2000, M. Pompeu 1♀ [UFMG]; 26/06/2000, M. Pompeu 1♀ [UFMG]; 22/07/2000, M. Pompeu 1♀ [UFMG]; 23/07/2000, M. Pompeu 1♀ [UFMG]; 08/08/2000, M. Pompeu 1♂ [UFMG]; 09/08/2000, M. Pompeu, 3♂♂ [UFMG]; 21/08/2000, M. Pompeu, 3♂♂ [UFMG]; 30/04/2002, E.A.B. Almeida 1♀ [UFMG]. Brumadinho — 27/12/1997, E.A.B. Almeida 1♂ [UFMG]. Cabo Verde —1920, Diaz 1♂ [ MZUSP] . Catas Altas —Serra do Caraça, 11/1961, Kloss, Lenko, Martins & Silva 1♂ [MZUSP]; 20/04/2000, F.A. Silveira 1♂ [UFMG]. Catas Altas da Noruega — 04/01/1989, R.G. Fernandez 1♂ [UFV]. Divinópolis — 04/04/1985, E. Morato 1♀ [UFV]; 07/04/1985, G. Melo 1♀ [UFV]. Gonçalves — 26/03/2007, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFMG]; 27/03/2007, F.A. Silveira, 4♂♂ [UFMG]. Governador Valadares — 27/06/1985, G. Melo 1♂ [UFV]; 15/02/1986, G. Melo 1♂ [UFV]; 16/02/1986 1♀ 2♂♂ [UFV]. Grão Mogol — 22/01/2005, A.A. Azevedo 1♀ 1♂ [UFMG]. Guiricema — 05/08/2011, R.V. Silva 1♀ [UFMG]. Igarap — 23/02/1086, G. Melo 2♀♀ 2♂♂ [UFV]; 20/11/2006, C.L. Yurrita 1♀ [UFMG]. Ipuiuna — 21/02/2012, L. Patoca 1♀ [RPSP]. Itabirito — 01/01/1987, F.A. Silveira 1♂ [UFV]. Itamarandiba — 17/01/1998, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFMG]. Itamonte — 20/10/2006, A.A. Azevedo 2♂♂ [UFMG]; 20/10/2006, M.F. Goulart 1♀ 1♂ [UFMG]. Itaúna — 27/12/1997, P.E.M. Guimarães 1♀ [UFMG]. Joaquim Felício — 31/03/2005, A.A. Azevedo & F.A. Silveira 1♀; 20/05/2006, M.F. Goulart 1♀ [UFMG]. Juiz de Fora — 11/03/1985, M. Garcia 1♂ [UFV]. Moeda — 27/01/1996, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFMG]. Morro do Pilar — 08/10/2014, E.L.N. Siqueira 1♂ [ UFMG] . Nova Lima — 20/01/1998, E.A.B. Almeida 1♂ [UFMG]; 13/11/2004, N.G. Fonseca 1♀ [UFMG]; 18/11/2004, N.G. Fonseca 1♀ [UFMG]. Paraopeba —Floresta Nacional de Paraopeba, 02/12/1986, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFV]; 02/12/ 1986, F.A. Silveira 1♂ [UFMG]; 03/08/1987, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFV]; 31/08/1987, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFMG]; 11/ 10/1987, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFV]; 21/10/1998, V. Silva 1♂ [UFMG]. Passos —04/1964, C. T. Elias 1♀ 4♂♂ [MZUSP]. Patrocínio — 08/12/2007, J.E. Santos-Junior 1♀ [UFMG]. Ponte Nova —BR–120, km 493 14/02/1989, F.A. Silveira 1♂ [UFV]; Fazenda EPAMIG 10/11/1989, F.A. Silveira 2♂♂ [UFV]. Ritápolis — 19/01/1974, J.F. Camargo 1♀ [RPSP]. Sabar — 07/04/1996, F.A. Silveira 2♀♀ [UFMG]; 28/11/1999, F.A. Silveira 1♀ [UFMG]. Santana do Riacho — 09/01/2005, A.A. Azevedo 1♀ [UFMG]. São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo — 01/01/2000, E.A.B. Almeida 1♂ [ UFMG] ; 17/01/2004, L.R.R. Faria Jr. 1♂ [ UFMG]. São Gonçalo do Rio Preto — 13/09/2003, Y. Antonini 1♀ [UFMG]. São Roque de Minas — 24/02/2001, E.A.B. Almeida 1♀ [UFMG]. Taiobeiras — 02/01/ 1998, S.T.M. Guerra 1♂ [UFMG]. Urucuia — 16/11/2008, J.F. Camargo 1♀ [RPSP]. Viçosa — 15/04/1928, P.H. Rolfs 1♀ [UFV]; 20/05/1932, E.J. Hambleton 1♀ [UFV]; Campus UFV , 06/01/1988, J.R. Cure 2♂♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV 10/11/1988, M.J. Fachini 2♂♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV , 03/12/1988, G.S. Bastos Fo. 1♀ [UFV]; Campus UFV, 08/12/1988, G.S. Bastos Fo. 1♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV , 08/12/1988, J.R. Cure 2♂♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV 13/12/1988, M.J. Fachini 1♀ [UFV]; Campus UFV 18/01/1989, M.J. Fachini 1♀ [UFV]; Campus UFV 11/ 02/1989, G.S. Bastos Fo . 2♀♀ [UFV]; Campus UFV 19/02/1989 G.S. Bastos Fo. 1♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV 24/02/ 1989, M.J. Fachini 1♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV , 04/03/1989, G.S. Bastos Fo. 1♀ [UFV]; Campus [UFV] , 04/03/1989, M.J. Fachini 1♀ 1♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV 11/03/1989 G.S. Bastos Fo . 1♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV 11/03/1989, J.R. Cure 1♂ [UFV]; Campus UFV 11/03/1989, M.J. Fachini 2♀♀ [UFV]; Campus UFV 18/03/1989, G.S. Bastos Fo . 1♀ [UFV]; 08/11/1989, M. Thiengo 1♂ [UFV]; 27/11/2001, M.S.O. Leite 1♂ [UFMG]; 30/11/2001, M.S.O. Leite 1♀ [UFMG]; 04/12/2001, M.S.O. Leite 1♂ [UFMG]; 05/12/2001, M.S.O. Leite 1♀ [ UFMG]. PARAÍBA: Remigio — 18/06/2011, S.C. Aguiar 1♂ [UFMG]; 15/07/2011, A.S. Silva 1♀ 1♂ [UFMG]; 02/10/2011, S.C. Aguiar 1♀ [ UFMG]. PERNAMBUCO: Cabo de Santo Agostinho — 28/09/2001, C. Schlindwein 1♂ [UFMG]. Camaragibe — 09/04/2000, C. Schlindwein 1♂ [ UFMG]. RIO DE JANEIRO: Nova Friburgo — 19/03/2012, T.M.S. Mesquita 1♀ [ UFMG]; Rio de Janeiro — 28/09/2013, P.C. Zama, 4♀♀ [ UFMG]. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Candiota — Chácara das Hortec. — 23/02/2000, S. Witter 1♂ [ PUC –RS]; Esmeralda — 05/01/2011, R. Halinski 1♂ [PUC–RS]; Guarani das Missões — 23/07/2012, F. Tirelli 1♀ 1♂ [PUC–RS]; 30/06/2012, S. Witter 1♀ [PUC– RS]; 31/06/2012, S. Witter 1♂ [ PUC –RS]. Osório — 21/03/1993, I. Alves dos Santos 1♂ [PUC–RS]. SANTA CATARINA: São Bonifácio — 17/11/2015, F.V. Freitas 1♂ [UFMG]. São Francisco do Sul — 20/12/2011, C.F. Cardoso, 4♀♀ 4♂♂ [UFMG]. SÃO PAULO: Campinas — 07/06/1987, R.B. Martins 1♂ [UFMG].

Distribution in Minas Gerais: Thygater analis is probably found all over the state. Besides the localities cited above for the examined specimens, the following records were given by Urban (1967): Arax, Cássia, Cataguases, Ibi, Ibiraci, Jacu , Nova Resende, Poços de Caldas, Rio Piracicaba, Tapira, Timóteo, Varginha.

Flower records: Alismataceae — Echinodorus grandiflorus, Sertãozinho –SP [RPSP]; Bignoniaceae — Podranea ricasoliana, Belo Horizonte—MG [UFMG]; Clytostoma sp., Belo Horizonte—MG [UFMG]; Tecoma stans, Belo Horizonte –MG [UFMG]; Bixaceae — Bixa orellana, Sabar –MG [UFMG]. Brassicaceae — Brassica napus, Guarani das Missões—RS [PUC–RS]. Curcubitaceae — Cucurbita pepo , Igarap—MG [UFMG]. Fabaceae —unidentified species, Taiobeiras—MG [UFMG]. Lamiaceae — Hyptidendron canum, Belo Horizonte—MG [UFMG]; Salvia brevipes , Candiota—RS [PUC–RS]. Lythraceae — Cuphea sp., Catas Altas – MG [UFMG]. Melastomataceae — Trembleya phlogiformis DC Central Amazon [Renner 1984 apud Renner 1989]. Myrtaceae — Psidium guajava, Belo Horizonte—MG [UFMG]. Myrcia racemosa, Ubatuba—SP [ Fidalgo & Kleinert 2009]. Ochnaceae — Ouratea casteneifolia, Belo Horizonte [UFMG]. Passifloraceae — Passiflora sp., Sabar—MG [UFMG]. Solanaceae — Solanum cernuum, Viçosa [Cure et al. 1993]; Solanum lycocarpum, Paraopeba [ Silveira 1989]; Solanum sp., Paraopeba [ Silveira 1989]. Verbenaceae — Duranta repens, Belo Horizonte—MG [UFMG]; Stachytarphetta sp., Moeda –MG [UFMG].

Figures

FIGURE 1. Ventral view of metasoma of males. A — Thygater anae, B — T. analis (the arrows indicate the alternative states of the marginal fringe of S 4, mentioned in couplet 4 of the key to males).

FIGURE 3. Ventral view of S 7 of males of: A — T. analis, B — T. anae, C — T. minarum, D — T. palliventris, E — T. paranaensis and F — T. danunciae. adl: anterior margin of distal lobe; apl: anterior margin of proximal lobe; dl: distal lobe; lpl: lateral margin of proximal lobe.

FIGURE 4. T. anae — ♀: A — frontal view, B — lateral view, C — dorsal view (DZUP Santa Tereza—ES, Brasil, 8 / 11 / 1967, C. T. & C. Elias lg, Paratype); ♂: D — frontal view, E — lateral view, F — dorsal view (UFMG 1200097). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. T. analis — ♀: A — frontal view, B — lateral view, C — dorsal view (UFMG 34096); ♂: D — frontal view, E — lateral view, F — dorsal view, G — Genital capsule (the arrow indicates the long projection on the anterior margin of the spata, mentioned in couplet 7 of the key to males) (UFMG 1402951). Scale bar = 1 mm.