Oophana Ancey, 1884

Sian Man, Nem, Siriboon, Thanit, Lin, Aung, Sutcharit, Chirasak & Panha, Somsak, 2022, Revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae (Stylommatophora, Achatinina) in Myanmar, with description of four new species, ZooKeys 1110, pp. 39-102 : 39

Genus Oophana Ancey, 1884

Oophana Ancey, 1884: 508. Tryon 1885: 58. Richardson 1988: 233. Schileyko 2000: 796. Clements 2006: 125.

Odontartemon (Oophana) - Kobelt 1906: 91, 101. Thiele 1931: 730. van Benthem Jutting 1954: 95. Zilch 1960: 562.

Type species.

Ennea bulbulus Morelet, 1862 by subsequent designation by Kobelt (1906: 101).

Diagnosis.

Shell globosely ovate to sub-heliciform, translucent to opaque. Penultimate whorl slightly extended beyond last whorl. Last whorl rounded or flattened along the periphery, and axially deflected from penultimate whorl. Aperture oblique-ovate to squarish; apertural dentition with parietal (one or two), palatal, basal, and columellar lamellae. Genitalia with penial sheath covering ~ 1/2 of penis length, and penial hook present.

Remarks.

The genus Oophana shares the ovate shell shape with the Haploptychius . However, Oophana can be distinguished by generally having a greater number of apertural dentitions (parietal, palatal, basal and columellar lamellae), while Haploptychius has only one parietal lamella ( Schileyko 2000; Inkhavilay et al. 2016).

Generally, despite Oophana and Indoartemon Forcart, 1946 possessing an ovate shell with a blunt spire, the former can be distinguished by its parietal, palatal, basal, and columellar lamellae, while the latter possesses only one parietal and one palatal lamella ( Schileyko 2000; Siriboon et al. 2014a). Oophana can be distinguished from Discartemon and Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 by its globosely ovate shell, axially deflected last whorl, and penultimate whorl more or less extended from the last whorl. In comparison, Discartemon has a flattened to a globose-heliciform shell, regularly to rapidly growing last whorl that is less deflected, and penultimate whorl does not extend from the last whorl ( Siriboon et al. 2014a). Perrottetia possesses a sub-heliciform and depressed shell, with longitudinal furrows behind the apertural lip, and a less deflected last whorl ( Siriboon et al. 2013; Inkhavilay et al. 2016). Moreover, Oophana can easily be separated from the Carinartemis Siriboon & Panha, 2014 by their rounded penultimate whorl with more apertural dentition, whereas the latter genus has a sharply keeled penultimate whorl, and without or with only one parietal lamella ( Siriboon et al. 2014b).

Generally, Oophana shows high variability in shell form, and apertural dentition with upper palatal and supracolumellar lamellae occurring in some species ( Siriboon et al. 2020). However, examination of the genitalia in most species including the type species is still limited, making comparisons with other congeners difficult.

The phylogenetic relationships of the Oophana s.l. from Thailand were recently shown to be polyphyletic and comprised of three groups. These polyphyletic groups could possibly be recognized as distinct genera supported by their unique shell and genital characters ( Siriboon et al. 2020). Furthermore, the oblique-heliciform shell and apertural dentition with four lamellae are shared among these three polyphyletic groups. Nevertheless, without the information on the type species, these characters are insufficient to restrict the true Oophana s.s., and so, in this revision we place the streptaxids that have an oblique-ovate shell and apertural dentition with four lamellae within the genus Oophana s.l.