Cyclotus charmian Hutton, 1883

Brook, Fred J., Kennedy, Martyn, King, Tania M., Ridden, Johnathon, Shaw, Matthew D. & Spencer, Hamish G., 2020, Catalogue of New Zealand land, freshwater and estuarine molluscan taxa named by Frederick Wollaston Hutton between 1879 and 1904, Zootaxa 4865 (1), pp. 1-73 : 56-57

Cyclotus charmian Hutton, 1883

Pl. 7, fig. A

Hutton, 1883. The New Zealand Journal of Science, 1: 477.

Type material. Lectotype (designated here), CMNZ M48 (dry shell).

CMNZ molluscan catalogue details. M48—‘ Cyclotus charmian Hutton, Horokiwi : Wellington (1 specimen) (old No. 136) ’.

Type locality. Stated by Hutton (1883g: 477, 1884b: 184) to be ‘Horokiwi, Wellington’, but this is incorrect (see below).

Remarks. Type material of Cyclotus charmian is illustrated here for the first time in pl. 7 fig. A. Hutton submitted a description of this species to the Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute issue for 1883, but publication was delayed until May 1884 ( Hutton 1884b: 183), and was pre-empted by a brief description in an account of a meeting of the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury ( Hutton 1883g: 477). These descriptions were based on one or more specimens that T.W. Kirk sent to Hutton, and which putatively had been collected at Horokiwi, west of Petone, Wellington. However, there have been no other records of this species from New Zealand, and the locality details given by Kirk were undoubtedly incorrect. Kobelt & Möllendorff (1898: 155) and Suter (1913: 684) considered that Cyclotus charmian was a mislocalised specimen of Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) macgillivrayi Pfeiffer, 1855 . The latter taxon, which was described from material in Hugh Cuming’s collection obtained by John MacGillivray in ‘Aneiteum, New Hebrides’ [= Aneityum, Vanuatu] ( Pfeiffer 1855: 104, see also Brazier 1871: 587), was treated as a subspecies of Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) fornicatum Pfeiffer, 1854 , by Sykes (1902: 199), Clench (1949: 20), and as a subjective junior synonym of Gonatorhaphe fornicata (Pfeiffer, 1854) by Solem (1959: 183). The latter species was described from material in H. Cuming’s collection from ‘New Hebrides’ ( Pfeiffer 1854a: 146). Cyclostoma (Cyclotus) recluzianum Pfeiffer, 1854 , the type species of Gonatorhaphe Möllendorff, 1898 by subsequent designation of Möllendorff, 1900, was listed as a subjective junior synonym of fornicata by Sykes (1902: 199), Clench (1949: 19) and Solem (1959: 183). Type material of recluzianum in H. Cuming’s collection was incorrectly listed as being from ‘Salomon’s Islands’ by Pfeiffer (1854b: 51), but was actually from ‘Erromanga, New Hebrides’, according to Brazier (1871: 587). Primary type material of fornicata , macgillivrayi and recluzianum in the NHMUK collection (ex H. Cuming’s collection) was illustrated by Solem (1959: pl. 9, figs. 4–6). Gonatorhaphe fornicata (Pfeiffer, 1854) sensu Solem (1959) has a distribution restricted to Vanuatu, and has been recorded from Aneityum, Efate, Erromango and Espiritu Santo ( Solem 1959).

Current taxonomy. Gonatorhaphe fornicata (Pfeiffer, 1854) — Solem (1959), Freeman et al. (1997).

Subclass Heterobranchia

Infraclass Pulmonata

Order STYLOMMATOPHORA

Family EUCONULIDAE H.B. Baker, 1928

Subfamily MICROCYSTINAE Thiele, 1931