Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus Zia & Chen, 1954

Chen, Xiao-Lin, Norrbom, Allen, Freidberg, Amnon, Chesters, Douglas, Islam, Md Sajedul & Zhu, Chao-Dong, 2015, A systematic study of Ichneumonosoma de Meijere, Pelmatops Enderlein Pseudopelmatops Shiraki and Soita Walker (Diptera: Tephritidae), Zootaxa 4013 (3), pp. 301-347 : 322-325

Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus Zia & Chen, 1954

( Figs. 75–86 ; 93–94, 97,102–103)

Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus Zia & Chen, 1954: 310 ; Hardy, 1977: 76; Wang, 1996: 112 (lectotype designation); Chen et al., 2010:7 . Type-locality: Tianmushan, Zhejiang [Chekiang]; Shaowu [Shao-Woo], Fujian [Fukien], China (LT F IZAS).

Description Female (supplement to the species description of Chen et al., 2010). Compound eye somewhat rough and rounded, with 2 shapes in female, one lacking projection ( Fig. 93 ), the other with small projection ( Fig. 94 ); ommatidia similar in size. Occipital protuberance in female inverted trapezoidal in shape, and somewhat bifid, distinctly delimited from occiput, setae on posterior margin long and sparse ( Fig. 102 ).

Male (described for first time). Body length 12.0 mm; wing length 9.6 mm. The body predominantly dark brown to black and subshining ( Figs. 81–82 ). Head ( Figs. 79–80 ): Dark brown to black except for middle of frons yellow, ventral part of face, parafacial and palpus yellow to yellow-brown. Palpus narrow, parallel-sided and densely covered with strong, black setulae. Chaetotaxy reduced: head with orbital, medial vertical and genal setae present; postocellar, lateral vertical, ocellar and frontal setae absent. Antenna almost equal to face, with 1st flagellomere about 1/4 as wide as long; arista plumose, longest ray slightly shorter or about equal to width of 1st flagellomere. Compound eye rounded, with small projection, and distinct linear green reflection area at dorsal 1/3; ommatidia about same size ( Fig. 97 ). Occiput protuberance inverted trapezoid and somewhat bifid, setae on its posterior margin long and sparse, with distinct border with occiput ( Fig. 103 ). Thorax ( Fig. 84 ) entirely dark brown to black, halter white. Chaetotaxy reduced: only 1 posterior notopleural, 1 postalar and 1 apical scutellar setae present. Wing ( Fig. 85 ). Largely hyaline with a narrow brownish black band extending from crossvein R-M to costal margin in middle of cell r1 then along costa to wing apex, also with pale, very slender, and sometimes interrupted basal extension into cells dm and cu1; also with anteromedial mark, orange in pterostigma, brown in area of cell r1 posterior to pterostigma and in extreme base of cell r2+3, pterostigma narrow and long, about 0.98 times as long as cell c. Vein R4+5 bare. Legs slender and long. Coxae, trochanters and basal 2/3 of femora dark brown, other parts yellow-brown. Abdomen e longate with tergites 1–2 black, tergites 3–4 dark brown, and tergite 5 yellow except medially; tergites 1–2 nearly parallel-sided and almost equal to combined length of tergites 3 and 4. Male terminalia ( Fig. 86 ): Epandrium large and broad, rounded in posterior view; lateral surstylus small and short, apex rounded; medial surstylus with 1 black prensiseta.

Distribution. China (Hubei, Hunan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan), Vietnam (new record). Yunnan is a new province record.

Specimens examined. CHINA: Fujian: Shaowu, 20 April 1942, 1♀ PT; Shaowu, 900–1170 m, 28 May 1960, Y. R. Zhang, 1♀. Guizhou: Xishui, 800m, 24–28 September 2000, W. Xiao, 1♀; Kuankuoshui natural reserve, SonglinYakou, 7–8 August 2013, in yellow trap, 1♀. Hubei: Badong, 1500m, 14 July 2006, Y. L. Chen,1♀; Hefeng, 1400 m, 31 July 1989, S. Y. Wang, 1♀. Hunan: Liuyang, Daweishan, 1200m, 8 August 2012, W. Xiao, 1♀; Tianpingshan, 18 August 1981, 1♀. Sichuan: Mt. Emei, May–July 1957, K. R. Huang, 2♀; Mt. Wawu, 1750m, N29.40.031 E102.56.498, 11 August 2007, F. Liu, 1♀. Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Menghai, Benggang, 27 August 2013, Y.Wang & C. Wang, 1♀. Zhejiang: Tianmushan, 13 July 1937, 1♀ LT; Tianmushan, 8 July 1936, 1♀ PT; Tianmushan, 25 July 1937, 1♀ PT; Tianmushan, Xianrending, 1500m, 14–30 June 2013, Y. Wang & F. Yuan, 8♀; Tianmushan, Xianrending, 1500m, 8 July 2014, Y. Wang, 1♀; Tianmushan, Xianrending, 1500m, 29–30 June 2013, Y. Wang, in yellow trap, 1 ♂; Tianmushan, Xianrending, 1500m, 8 July 2014, Y. Wang, 1♂; Tianmushan, 26 June 1961, E. Suenson, 1♀ ( USNM). VIETNAM: Sapa, Huanglianshan, 1826m, 22 August 2013, X.L. Chen, Y. Wang and C. Wang, 1♀. All material deposited in IZCAS except for that mark ‘ USNM’.

Biology. The biology and behaviour of this species were observed on Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, China in the summer of 2013 by Yong Wang, and in the summer of 2014 by Yong Wang and the first author. In summer, the forest was partially shaded, and the temperature was 25–30°C during the day and 15–20° at night. However, there was very high humidity at night and the dew on the leaves usually did not dry until the next noon. The collecting site had two different kinds of vegetation: the canopy was comprised of tall trees with sparse leaves, seldom with flowers and fruits; the dominant plant of the understory was Rubus peltatus Maxim. (Rosaceae) , a deciduous shrub that is mainly distributed in China. Rubus peltatus can grow 1–2 m high ( Fig. 77 ), and it has a thick stem and roots that were still living in winter ( Fig. 78 ).

The living individuals of P. angustifasciatus observed in Zhejiang usually were alert and agile, escaped quickly from people 2–3 m away; but remained still if the observers did not move. The majority of individuals of P. angustifasciatus were observed resting on R. peltatus , and they usually walked on both the top and underside of the leaves, also on stems, and often waved their wings. Because individuals of P. angustifasciatus were commonly found resting on R. peltatus and because the geographic distribution of P. angustifasciatus largely overlaps that of R. peltatus , we suspect this plant may serve as host plant for this fly. From a biological perspective, the stem or root of this plant might be a suitable place for larvae or pupae to overwinter.

Remarks. The male of this species is mainly differentiated from the female by the broader width of the brown markings in cell r1 (thus the hyaline markings in cell r1 seem smaller in the male), and the crossband weaker posteriorly ( Fig. 85 ). The conspecificity of the male and female of P. angustifasciatus was confirmed by observing mating behaviour in a cage in the summer of 2014 ( Fig. 76 ).

Figures

FIGURES 75 – 78. Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus. 75. Habitus (female) in Zhejiang, China 76. A male and female mating in cage in summer of 2014; 77. Rubus peltatus at collecting site in Zhejiang, China in summer; 78. Same, in winter. (by Yong Wang and Xiao-lin Chen).

FIGURES 79 – 86. Pseudopelmatops angustifasciatus. (Male) 79. Head, lateral view; 80. head, dorsal view; 81. Habitus, lateral view; 82. Habitus, dorsal view; 83. Abdomen, dorsal view; 84. Scutum, dorsal view; 85. Wing; 86. Terminalia, ventral view.

FIGURES 89 – 97. Compound eye of Pelmatops and Pseudopelmatops. 89. Pe. fukienensis female; 90. Pe. ichneumoneus female; 91. Pe. ichneumoneus male; 92. Pe. tangliangi male; 93. Ps. angustifasciatus female; 94. Ps. angustifasciatus female; 95. Ps. continentalis male; 96. Ps. indiaensis female; 97. Ps. angustifasciatus male.

FIGURES 98 – 105. Occiput protuberance of Pelmatops and Pseudopelmatops. 98. Pe. fukienensis female; 99. Pe. tangliangi male; 100. Pe. ichneumoneus female; 101. Pe. ichneumoneus male; 102. Ps. angustifasciatus female; 103. Ps. angustifasciatus male; 104. Ps. continentalis male; 105. Ps. indiaensis female.