Cynipidae

Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta, 2018, The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history, Zootaxa 4521 (4), pp. 451-498 : 458-459

Key to galls of Israeli oak Cynipidae on Quercus calliprinos , Q. libani and Q. cerris

1. Galls on Q. calliprinos ................................................................................. 2

- Gallson Q. libani or Q. cerris ............................................................................ 4

2. Leaf galls............................................................................................ 3

- Branch galls. Spherical or elongate woody swelling, 10–35 mm long............................................................................................... Plagiotrochus razeti Barbotin , asexual (fall) generation ( Fig. 73 )

3. Gall is conspicuous swelling on both sides of leaf, 8–14 mm in diameter, light green when young, red when mature, often in clusters, multi-chambered................... Plagiotrochus quercusilicis (Fabricius) , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 74 )

- Gall is slender swelling on both sides of leaf, 2 mm in diameter, sometimes in clusters, single-chambered....................................................................... Plagiotrochus coriaceus (Mayr) , asexual (fall) generation

4. Leaf galls............................................................................................ 5

- Bud, acorn or catkin galls............................................................................... 8

5. Gall is large swelling of leaf midrib on Q. libani , same color of leaf when young, light brown when mature............................................................... Andricus melikai Pujade-Villar , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 68 )

- Gall attached to leaf; different from above.................................................................. 6

6. Gall constitutes tapered, dark-purple chamber carried on thin, delicate stalk, on Q. libani ................................................................................... Andricus sp. nr. amenti , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 69 )

- Spherical or elliptical gall, different from above............................................................. 7

7. Spherical gall, up to 7 mm in diameter, completely covered by pinkish, silky long hairs, with black center. Usually in clusters. On Q. libani and Q. cerris ....................... Cerroneuroterus sp. nr. lanuginosus , asexual (fall) generation ( Fig. 70 )

- Elliptical gall, up to 2 mm in diameter, covered by small projections, pale when young, green to dark red and purple when mature. On Q. libani .................................. Cerroneuroterus minutulus (Giraud) , asexual (fall) generation

8. Acorn or catkin gall.................................................................................... 9

- Bud gall............................................................................................ 11

9. Soft, scaly gall in young acorn, up to 12 mm long, light green. On Q. libani .......................................................................................... Pseudoneuroterus saliens , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 57 )

- Catkin gall, clustered, cone shaped with tapered apex, on Q. libani ............................................. 10

10. Gall light green when young, bright red when mature not densely clustered...................................................................................................... Andricus coriariformis sexual (spring) generation

- Gall light brown throughout development; always densely clustered.............................................. ......................................................... Andricus coriarius , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 52 )

11. Gall composed of one spherical unit...................................................................... 12

- Gall composed of several units.......................................................................... 13

12. Gall up to 15 mm in diameter, light green when young, light brown to brown when mature, sometimes slightly wrinkled, with internal ovoid larval chamber moving freely within gall. On Q. libani ............................................. ...................................................... Aphelonyx persica , asexual (fall) generation ( Figs. 37–38 )

- Slightly irregularly-shaped gall, sometimes wrinkled, up to 30 mm in diameter, light green when young, light brown to brown when mature, multi-chambered. On Q. libani ........................................................................................... Aphelonyx persica gall invaded by Synergus variabilis , asexual (fall) generation ( Figs 39–40 )

13. Mulberry-shaped gall, composed of 17–40 small units, up to 6 mm long, green with light brown tips, velvety, sometimes sticky when young; hard and brown when mature. On Q. libani and Q. cerris ........................................................................................... Andricus miriami Shachar , sexual (spring) generation ( Figs 71–72 )

- Big, leafy rosette bud gall, 25–40 mm in diameter, multi-chambered. On Q. libani .................................................................................. Andricus multiplicatus Giraud , sexual (spring) generation ( Fig. 67 )

Figures

FIGURES 71–74. Galls on various Quercus species. 71. Andricus miriami, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 72. Same, old gall; 73. Plagiotrochus razeti, asexual generation on Quercus calliprinos; 74. Plagiotrochus quercusilicis, sexual generation on Quercus calliprinos.

FIGURES 65–70. Galls on various Quercus species. 65. Andricus sp. nr. quercusradicis, sexual generation on leaf of Quercus ithaburensis; 66. Neuroterus anthracinus, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 67. Andricus multiplicatus, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 68. Andricus melikai, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 69. Andricus sp. nr. amenti, sexual generation on Quercus libani; 70. Cerroneuroterus sp. nr. lanuginosus, asexual generation on Quercus libani.

FIGURES 53–58. Galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 53. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 2, sexual generation; 54. Cerroneuroterus lanuginosus, sexual generation; 55. Pseudoneuroterus macropterus, sexual generation; 56. Pseudoneuroterus sp. 1, sexual generation; 57. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, sexual generation; 58. Pseudoneuroterus saliens, asexual generation.

FIGURES 47–52. Sexual generation galls on Quercus ithaburensis. 47. Andricus cecconii; 48. Same, old gall; 49. Andricus grossulariae, young galls; 50. Andricus grossulariae, old galls (arrow); 51. Andricus vindobonensis; 52. Andricus coriarius.

FIGURES 35–40. Galls on Quercus boissieri and Q. ithaburensis. 35. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum, asexual generation on Quercus boissieri; 36. Neuroterus quercsbaccarum (A) and Neuroterus numismalis (B), asexual generations on Q. boissieri; 37. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis; 38. Aphelonyx persica, asexual generation on Quercus ithaburensis, gall dissected to show inner chamber; 39. Aphelonyx persica gall ivaded by the inquiline Synergus variabilis on Quercus ithaburensis; 40. Same, old gall with emergence holes of inquilines.