Shannoniella setinervis, Nihei, Silvio S., Andrade, Marcos R., Pape, Thomas & Cerretti, Pierfilippo, 2016

Nihei, Silvio S., Andrade, Marcos R., Pape, Thomas & Cerretti, Pierfilippo, 2016, The Shannoniella sisters (Diptera: Rhinophoridae), Zootaxa 4061 (1), pp. 85-92 : 89-91

Shannoniella setinervis sp. nov.

( Figs 2 a–g)

References. Cerretti & Pape (2012); Cerretti et al. (2014) [both as “ Shannoniella sp.”].

Type-material examined: Holotype ♂ (MZSP), “Therezopolis [Teresópolis]/ Est. do Rio [Rio de Janeiro State] XI-39 / J. F. T. de Freitas [collector]” (white label with black border), “10C” (white label with black border), “Holotipo” (green label), “ Shannoniella / setinervis / S.S. Nihei des. 2015”. Paratypes: 2 ♂, Brazil, Paraná, São José dos Pinhais, Serra do Mar, 20.VII.1984, J.A. Rafael (CNC).

Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the Latin seta = bristle and nervus = vein. The species is named after the more extensive row of setulae dorsally on wing vein R4+5 as compared with its sister species S. cuspidata .

Description. Male. Body length: 4.3 mm (holotype); wing length: 3.5 mm (holotype).

Colour ( Fig. 2 a). Body mostly light brown. Head light brown with grey pruinosity on gena, postgena and face; scape brown; pedicel yellow; postpedicel orangish brown, the base near arista yellowish; arista orangish brown with yellow base; palpus yellow. Thorax light brown with grey pruinosity on notopleuron, anepisternum, katepisternum, anatergite and katatergite. Coxae light brown with grey pruinosity; trochanters yellowish; femora yellowish with the apical third light brown; tibiae and tarsi light brown. Wing infuscated with light brown, but with 3 clear (non-infuscated), hyaline spots on cells r4+5, dm and m. Upper and lower calypters slightly infuscated on borders. Abdomen light brown.

Head ( Fig. 2 b). Eye bare. Arista thickened almost to the tip; arista thickly micropubescent. First and second aristomere elongated, the second as long as the pedicel; third aristomere very long, about 2.9 times as long as the pedicel. Postpedicel elongate, slightly surpassing lower facial margin, about 4.5 times as long as the pedicel. Frontal stripe with subparallel margins, width at vertex about 1.8 times the eye width in dorsal view, and about 0.5 times the head width. No ocellar setae. Inner vertical seta strong and convergent; outer vertical seta not developed. Two lateroclinate orbital setae, the uppermost stronger. Seven frontal setae. Parafacial bare, very narrow. Face very broad, deeply sunken. Vibrissal angle below ventral margin of gena, distinctly projected forward and turned inwards. Vibrissa not easily distinguished from the several perivibrissal setae. Facial ridge straight and setulose along its full length. Postocular setae short. Proboscis and palpus short.

Thorax. Scutum with long, fine clothing setulae; acrostichals not developed; dorsocentrals 2+3, the presutural ones interspersed by moderately long setulae; no intra-alars; supra-alars 1+1, prealar (first postsutural supra-alar before the wing insertion) not developed. Postpronotum with 2 strong and long setae, with fine clothing setulae. Posthumeral 1; notopleurals 2, the anterior nearly twice as long as the posterior. Prosternum and proepisternum bare. One upcurved proepisternal and one upcurved proepimeral setae. Two katepisternals. Three long anepimeral setulae, one more developed. Katepimeron bare. Anatergite with fine setulae. Scutellum with one pair of long, divergent subapical setae; one pair of median discal setae close to the margin and nearly as long and strong as the subapicals; some irregularly developed discal setulae.

Legs. Fore femur with a row of long posteroventral setae, and the posterior surface with several developed setae. Fore tibia with one weak submedian posterodorsal seta, and one weak submedian posteroventral seta. Mid tibia with one weak submedian posterodorsal seta. Hind tibia with one submedian anterodorsal seta, one submedian posterodorsal seta, and one submedian anteroventral seta (erect in right leg, but not in left leg).

Wing ( Fig. 2 c). Costal spine not differentiated. Vein R1 entirely setulose dorsally; R4+5 setulose dorsally from the base and reaching the level of crossvein dm-cu. Section of M between crossvein dm-cu and the apical bend about 0.9 times as long as the preceding section (between dm-cu and r-m crossveins). M reaching costa at wing margin; cell r4+5 open, the distance between M and R4+5 at wing margin about three times as long as crossvein r-m. Vein R 4+5 diverging from R2+3, the distance between both at wing margin longer than crossvein dm-cu (this about 3/ 4 times the said distance).

Abdomen ( Fig. 2 d). Tergites covered by long fine setulae. Syntergite 1+2 without a mid-dorsal depression, with several lateral setae, and one pair of median marginal setae. Tergites 3, 4 and 5 each with a row of marginal setae.

Male terminalia ( Figs 2 e–g). Sternite 5 ( Fig. 2 e) upright laterally, with a deep median cleft; lateral lobe characterized by a posterior three-dimensional cap-like apophysis, but slightly bilobed laterally; median basal window absent. Tergite 6 divided medially into two hemitergites, each with a row of setae along posterior margin and separated from segment 7+8 by a very narrow membrane. Sternite 6 almost symmetrical, articulated with segment 7+8 on left side, and attached to it by a short membrane on its right side. Epandrium very short and convex. Surstylus well developed, broad in lateral view; surstylus widely fused to epandrium ( Fig. 2 f). Cerci slightly shorter than surstylus, not fused medially ( Fig. 2 f), pointed apically (sub-triangular in lateral view). Processi longi strongly widened at mid-length and medially almost touching each other; processus longus firmly and widely fused with surstylus. Basal plate of hypandrium very short, not concave, hypandrial arms very long and converging. Aedeagus ( Fig. 2 g) with pregonite well developed, sub-triangular and with 2 setae postero-apically. Postgonite with a long (fine) seta at about mid length of anterior margin. Epiphallus well developed, strongly widened and sub circular distally in lateral view. Dorsolateral processes well fused medially in a single narrow sclerotization. Median process of ventral sclerite of distiphallus firmly fused to the base of ventral sclerite and divided longitudinally into two hemisclerites. Lateroventral lobe of distiphallus in sub-distal position and covered with slightly sclerotized scale-like spinulae. Acrophallus membranous.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution. The species appears to be restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (here recorded from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Paraná).