Solenysa yangmingshana Tu, 2011

Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2025, Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae), ZooKeys 1232, pp. 97-130 : 97-130

Solenysa yangmingshana Tu, 2011

Figs 10 A-J , 11 I, J

Solenysa yangmingshana Tu in Tu & Hormiga, 2011: 503, fig. 11 A – G (♂ ♀).

Material examined.

Taiwan: Nantou County, Ren’ai, • 2 ♀, Huisun Forest Area , 740 m, 24.08967°N, 121.03529°E, broadleaf forest litter along the trail, 12. July. 2023 F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) • 2 ♂, same locality, 930 m, 24.08421°N, 121.03438°E, rather humid broadleaf forest litter on a gentle slope, 14. July. 2023, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) • 4 ♀, Menggu Waterfall , 910 m, 24.02824°N, 121.08067°E, broadleaf forest litter along the trail, 17. July. 2023, F. Ballarin leg ( NSMT) • Taichung City Metropolitan Area, 1 ♀, Dongshi District, Daxue Mountain , 860 m, 24.21595°N, 120.88943°E, broadleaf forest leaf litter along the trail, 18. July. 2023, F. Ballarin leg. ( TARI) .

Type locality:

Mt. Yangmingshan, Taipei City, Taiwan (~ 25.171°N, 121.553°E).

Diagnosis.

See Tu and Hormiga (2011).

Description.

Habitus of male as in Fig. 10 E . Total length: 1.56. Prosoma 0.85 long; 0.60 wide. Clypeus 0.38 long. Cephalic area distinctly elevated in both sexes. Carapace oval, lacking lateral lobes. Carapace, chelicera, mouth parts, and sternum uniformly brick-red. Chelicera with four promarginal and three retromarginal teeth. Legs uniformly red-yellowish. TmI = 0.43. TmIV absent. Length of legs as follows: I 3.71 (1.01, 0.20, 1.04, 0.86, 0.60), II 3.21 (0.88, 0.18, 0.84, 0.75, 0.56), III 2.56 (0.78, 0.18, 0.60, 0.56, 0.44), IV 3.19 (0.92, 0.17, 0.83, 0.73, 0.54). Opisthosoma uniformly dark grey with some faint lighter dots on dorsal side. Some individuals with one light mark on dorsal-posterior part of opisthosoma. Palp as in Fig. 10 A-D , embolic division as in Fig. 11 I, J .

Habitus of female as in Fig. 10 F . Total length: 1.55. Prosoma 0.79 long; 0.53 wide. Clypeus 0.28 long. Length of legs as follows: I 3.30 (0.95, 0.17, 0.89, 0.74, 0.55), II 2.91 (0.85, 0.16, 0.77, 0.62, 0.51), III 2.37 (0.68, 0.16, 0.55, 0.52, 0.46), IV 2.92 (0.89, 0.17, 0.75, 0.63, 0.48). Color and other features as in male. Epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 10 G-J .

See Tu and Hormiga (2011) for a detailed description of genitalia.

Remarks.

Species endemic to the island of Taiwan (Fig. 13 ). As far as we know, this species was previously recorded only from a few specimens collected in the north of the Island. Similarly to the previously mentioned S. longqiensis , S. yangmingshana is widespread across Taiwan and both species share the same habitat. In the original description by Tu and Hormiga (2011), the coordinates of the type locality are incorrectly reported and refer to the type locality of S. longqiensis . Additionally, in their distribution map, Tu and Hormiga (2011: 517) erroneously report the type locality as being in central Taiwan, while it is located in the north of the island. They also mention that the original male holotype was dried out and could not be properly measured thus limiting their description to the genitalia. Accordingly, here we redescribe the habitus of both male and female of this species reporting the related measurements.

Figures

Figure 10. Solenysa yangmingshana A male palp, prolateral B ditto, retrolateral C ditto, dorsal D ditto, ventral E habitus of male, dorsal F habitus of female, dorsal G epigyne, posterior H ditto, ventral I ditto, lateral J vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (A – D, G – J); 0.5 mm (E, F).

Figure 11. Embolic divisions of Solenysa species A S. reflexilis from Yakushima, ventral B ditto, retrolateral C S. macrodonta from Hiroshima, ventral D ditto, retrolateral E S. trunciformis from Okayama, ventral F ditto, retrolateral G S. longqiensis, ventral H ditto, retrolateral I S. yangmingshana J ditto, retrolateral. (N. B., in A-D embolus is broken). Abbreviations: AP anterior protrusion of MTA; ATA anterior terminal apophysis; E embolus; LA 1 anterior branch of lamella; LA 2 median branch of lamella; LA 3 posterior branch of lamella; MP median protrusion of MTA; MT median tooth on anterior terminal apophysis; MTA median terminal apophysis; PP posterior protrusion of MTA; PTA posterior terminal apophysis; R radix. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figure 13. Distribution of Solenysa species in the Ryukyu Archipelago and surrounding areas. The Ryukyu Archipelago is marked with a dashed line. Diamonds refer to records of Solenysa spp. from the literature (Shinkai et al. 2024; WSC 2024), dots refer to new records, squares indicate the species type locality, and question marks indicate uncertain records of S. reflexilis.