Trichrysis scioensis ( Gribodo, 1879 )

Rosa, Paolo, Aswathi, Pokkattu Gopi & Bijoy, Chenthamarakshan, 2021, An annotated and illustrated checklist of the Indian cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Zootaxa 4929 (1), pp. 1-100 : 88-90

Trichrysis scioensis ( Gribodo, 1879)

Chrysis scioensis Gribodo, 1879: 344 . Holotype ♀; East Africa (MSNG). Bingham 1903: 436 (key), 454–455 (descr., Delhi). Chrysis (Trichrysis) scioensis: Bischoff 1913: 46 (cat., India).

Remarks. Trichrysis scioensis is an Afrotropical species. We consider Bingham’s (1903) record questionable, and likely related to another species later described in this genus.

Key to subfamilies, tribes and genera of Indian Chrysidids

We provide an identification key to subfamilies, tribes and genera of Indian Chrysidids. We expand the key by nine Cleptinae and Chrysidinae genera not yet recorded from India, but anyway expected in the region. Keys to Ceylonese Amiseginae are provided by Krombein (1980, 1983), and to Loboscelidia by Kimsey (2012).

It is still too early to provide a dichotomous key for the Indian species of cuckoo wasps, because the fauna is still poorly recognized, and we expect that the number of known species will increase in a relatively short time. The key to species is therefore postponed to future publications.

1 Metasoma with four (female) or five (male) external tergites, ventral surface convex. Metapectal-propodeal complex generally with elongate dorsal surface, usually carinate or rugulose (polished in Loboscelidiinae ).............................. 2

- Metasoma with three external tergites (four in Parnopes male), ventral surface flat or concave. Metapectal-propodeal complex short, abruptly declivitous posteriorly, without distinct dorsal surface................................ ( Chrysidinae ) 5

2 Face above antennal sockets convex, without scapal basin; clypeus with protruding medial truncation; pronotum campanulate, narrowed submedially and bisected by transverse groove; female ovipositor robust....................... ( Cleptinae ) 3

- Face above antennal sockets flat or concave with some scapal basin, or antennae insertion on frontal projection; clypeus without protruding medial truncation; pronotum not campanulate, without transverse groove, at most narrowed apically; female ovipositor needle like.................................................................................. 4

3 Tarsal claws with one minute, perpendicular submedial or subbasal tooth, sometimes indistinct to fading; forewings hyaline, rarely slightly banded; metasomal terga usually anteriorly non-metallic orange and posteriorly black, often with blue-green metallic reflections, or entirely black, or rarely entirely metallic (not yet recorded in India)......... Cleptes Latreille, 1802

- Tarsal claws bifid, with broadened, subapical tooth, as broad as the upper tooth; forewings banded, metasomal terga fully black, with blue to violet metallic reflections and with transverse golden or greenish golden bands ( Fig. 2 )...................................................................................................... Lustrina Kurian, 1955

4 Head with large cervical projection; tegula large and broad, covering base of forewing and hindwing and held in place by ridge on mesopleuron; forewing venation reduced without costal vein or stigma ( Figs 4 , 5 )............................................................................................ ( Loboscelidiinae ) Loboscelidia Westwood, 1874

- Head without cervical projection; tegula small, covering only base of forewing and without associated ridge on mesopleuron; forewing with costal vein and stigma, or strongly brachypterous; only one genus known from India so far ( Fig. 3 ), several genera known from Sri Lanka (see conclusions)............................... ( Amiseginae ) Indothrix Krombein, 1957

5 Metasoma with three (♀) or four (♂) external tergites ( Figs 86 , 87 ); mouthparts (galea and glossa) strongly developed, longer than the rest of the head; tegula large and broad, covering base of forewing and hindwing.................. ( Parnopini ) 6

- Metasoma with three external tergites in both sexes; mouthparts short; tegula small, covering only base of forewing....... 7

6 Metanotal projection large, apical margin trilobate; profemur without ventral tooth; posterior propodeal angle not deeply emarginate posteriorly ( Figs 86 , 87 )....................................................... Parnopes Latreille, 1796

- Metanotal projection small, non-metallic yellowish, with apical margin bilobate, truncate or rounded; profemur with ventral tooth; posterior propodeal angle usually deeply emarginate posteriorly.................. Cephaloparnops Bischoff, 1910

7 Tarsal claws with one or more subapical teeth; forewing radial sector vein (Second radial cross & Radial sector) short and basally curved; head without preoccipital carina; T3 without subapical pit row and apical teeth.............. ( Elampini ) 8

- Tarsal claws simple, without subapical teeth; forewing radial sector vein (Second radial cross & Radial sector) elongate to wing margin or nearly so, basally straight; head with preoccipital carina, ending in hook; T3 with subapical pit row, with or without apical teeth.............................................................................. ( Chrysidini ) 16

8 Tarsal claws with one subsidiary tooth..................................................................... 9

- Tarsal claws with more than one subsidiary tooth........................................................... 10

9 Tarsal claws with one perpendicular and submedian tooth; T3 without angular projection ( Fig. 8 )........................................................................................... Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878

- Tarsal claws with one subparallel and subsidiary tooth; T3 usually with two small angular projections ( Figs 9-11 )........................................................................................ Hedychrum Latreille, 1802

10 Forewing medial cell with setae; vein M strongly curved; T3 without apical notch ( Figs 13 , 14 )... Holopyga Dahlbom, 1845

- Forewing medial cell asetosae; vein M slightly curved; T3 with or without apical notch............................. 11

11 Metanotum produced to form horizontal tongue-like projection ( Fig. 7B, 7C ), rarely with a short projection ( Fig. 6B ); T3 with apical notch, usually with horseshoe-shaped or falcate rim ( Fig. 7G, 7H ), rarely without rim ( Fig. 6C ); female gena with row of setae............................................................................. Elampus Spinola, 1806

- Metanotum rounded; T3 with or without apical notch, without horseshoe-shaped or falcate rim; female gena without row of setae.............................................................................................. 12

12 Mesoscutum impunctate, at most with wrinkles............................................................ 13

- Mesoscutum with large punctures....................................................................... 14

13 Head, in frontal view, with convex upper profile; temples narrow (<1.0 × MOD); mesopleuron subquadrate or trapezoid with distinct double carinate omaulus; transpleural carina extending below propodeal angle; T3 without notch, with wide semi-transparent rim (> 1.0 × MOD) ( Fig. 12 )................................................... Holophris Mocsáry, 1890

- Head, in frontal view, lenticular; temples broad (> 1.0 × MOD); mesopleuron subrectangular with simple omaulus, sometimes with large punctures resembling double omaulus; transpleural carina extending to apex of propodeal angle; T3 usually with notch, usually without rim, sometimes with narrow semi-transparent rim (<0.5 × MOD), rarely wider ( Fig. 15 )............................................................................................. Omalus Panzer, 1801

14 MS not bisected by genal carina; metanotum usually elevated or gibbous to mucronate (not yet recorded in India, expected for the Palaearctic part)....................................................... Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879

- MS bisected by genal carina; metanotum evenly rounded..................................................... 15

15 Mesoscutum with large punctures mostly concentrated posteromedially between notauli; mesopleuron with ventral margin Vshaped, strongly projecting; head and mesosoma with polished intervals between punctures; T3 apical notch without spine or tooth at its sides (not yet recorded in India, expected for the Palaearctic part)............... Pseudomalus Ashmead, 1902

- Mesoscutum with large punctures evenly distributed or concentrated along notauli (in Palaearctic species); mesopleuron with ventral margin extending at oblique angle; head and mesosoma with colliculate sculpture on intervals between punctures (see Rosa et al. 2015b); T3 apical notch usually with two spines or teeth at its sides, rarely blunted (not yet recorded in India).................................................................. Chrysellampus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932

16 Radial sector vein (Second radial cross & Radial sector) of forewing ending largely beforewing margin, at least 3.0 × MOD far or at distance approximately equal to length of pterostigma................................................... 17

- Radial sector vein (Second radial cross & Radial sector) of forewing extending to wing margin, or nearly so............ 21

17 Radial sector vein (Second radial cross & Radial sector) very short, Rs vein about two-thirds as long as stigma, and ending abruptly far away from the wing margin; mesopleuron simple, without scrobal sulcus.................................................................................... Primeuchroeus Linsenmaier, 1959 (part., siamensis group)

- Radial sector vein (Second radial cross & Radial sector) complete and elongate, although ending 3 × MOD beForewing margin; mesopleuron with distinct scrobal sulcus bisecting mesopleuron horizontally, with exception of other Primeuchroeus groups. .................................................................................................. 18

18 Head in frontal view narrow and elongated; mesopleuron inferiorly tridentate; metanotum posteriorly mucronate with one large projection, hollowed like calyx; T3 with very pronounced transverse swelling before pit row; T3 apical margin with four well developed teeth ( Fig. 78 ).............................................................. Stilbum Spinola, 1806

- Head in frontal view at most only slightly longer than wide; mesopleuron inferiorly U-shaped or V-shaped, at most bidentate under scrobal sulcus; metanotum simple, rounded; T3 without distinctly elevated transverse swelling before preapical pit row; T3 apical margin without teeth, or with series of irregular teeth................................................ 19

19 Mesopleuron inferiorly bidentate; T3 apical margin with a series of irregular teeth; female with unmistakable pink colouring in living specimens, often more or less green-coloured in preserved specimens, and with a violet pattern on T2 and T 3 in some species; male blue or green, with blue patterns on T2 and T3; both sexes often with legs at least partly non-metallic yellow, (not yet recorded in India, expected for the Palaearctic part).................................. Euchroeus Latreille, 1809

- Mesopleuron inferiorly U-shaped or V-shaped without distinct teeth; anal margin of T3 smooth or finely crenulated with angle at lateral end; different coloration, with unicoloured metasoma, at most with T3 entirely blue-green, contrasting with red T1 and T2................................................................................................ 20

20 Scapal basin micropunctate, without transverse wrinkles; lower mesopleuron U-shaped or V-shaped; T3 apical margin laterally with angular protrusion (not yet recorded in India, expected for the Palaearctic part)............. Spinolia Dahlbom, 1854

- Scapal basin transversely striate; mesopleuron simple, inferiorly unmodified; T3 apical margin continuous, without teeth (not yet recorded in India, expected for the Palaearctic part)............................... Pseudochrysis Semenow, 1891

21 Mesopleuron without horizontal scrobal sulcus.................................. Primeuchroeus Linsenmaier, 1959

- Mesopleuron with distinct horizontal scrobal sulcus......................................................... 22

22 Discoidal cell incomplete, its outer veins either not or only partly sclerotized; T3 apical margin usually with two lateral teeth and medially undulate, rarely with median tooth; scapal basin hollowed, striate, topped by convex TFC, S2 black spots oval or round, usually separated by 1–2 × MOD; green to blue species............................. Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913

- Discoidal cell complete; T3 apical margin differently shaped, if with two lateral teeth and medially undulate, then body colour not entirely green to blue or TFC not topping the scapal basin; scapal basin various and TFC not topping the scapal basin; S2 black spots variously shaped; body colour various.......................................................... 23

23 T3 apical margin with three or five teeth.................................................................. 24

- T3 apical margin without teeth, with undulations, or with even number of teeth; if T3 apical margin with three teeth, then without pronotal lateral carina ( Chrysis ear group, not yet recorded in India); if with five teeth, then without pronotal lateral carina and with unmodified flagellomeres ( Chrysis excellens group, Fig. 37 )........................................... 28

24 T3 apical margin with three teeth, lateral teeth may be simple angular projections ( Figs 79E , 83E ), or with three median teeth and two lateral angles ( Fig. 72D )........................................................................ 25

- T3 apical margin with five teeth......................................................................... 26

25 TFC with branches encircling mid-ocellar area; anterior ocellus lidded; pronotum without lateral carina; mesopleuron with ventral margin tridentate; T3 lateral edge biconvex; black spots on S2 rounded to sub-oval, almost connected to lateral margin of second metasomal sternite and medially well separated ( Fig. 72 )..................... Odontochrydium Brauns, 1928

- TFC simple, not encircling mid-ocellar area; anterior ocellus not lidded; pronotum with lateral carina; mesopleuron unmodified, without teeth; T3 lateral edge not biconvex; black spots on S2 small, medially fused and well separated from lateral margins ( Figs 79 , 81 , 83 , 84 , 85 )..................................................... Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876

26 Pronotum with lateral carina fully developed ( Figs 79 , 83 ).............................. Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876

- Pronotum without lateral carina......................................................................... 27

27 F1 ±5 × as long as broad; flagellum not broadened, slender; in frontal view, malar spaces parallel-sided or slightly diverging; metanotum convex; species usually bicoloured, with blue to green head and mesosoma and red or golden red metasoma, rarely with blue median line, or male blue with a large lateral red spot on T2—Parasitoid of Vespidae (Eumeninae) (not yet recorded in India).................................................................. Pentachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876

- F1 less than 3 × as long as broad; flagellum usually broadened; in frontal view, malar spaces converging below; metanotum convex, with posterior spine or mucron; species coloured blue to green, at most with darker blue area on ocellar triangle, on median area of mesoscutum and at base of T2 and T3 ( Figs 73–77 )—Parasitoid of limacodid moths (Lepidoptera)................................................................................. Praestochrysis Linsenmaier, 1959

28 Face flat, without scapal basin and transverse frontal carina; male usually with F2 to F5 ventrally bulging; apical margin of T3 without apical teeth or angular prominences ( Fig. 70 )..................................... Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845

- Face with scapal basin and more or less sharp transverse frontal carina; male usually with cylindrical flagellomeres, rarely F2 to F5 ventrally hardly bulging; apical margin of T3 waved, with apical teeth or angular prominences, or rarely rounded without teeth (in Spintharina and Chrysis capitalis , ceciliae, elegans , and succincta species groups)......................... 29

29 Flagellomeres F4 to F10 ventrally bulging; TFC markedly sharp; deep scapal basin; propodeal angles, in postero-dorsal view, slightly lobed and restricted basally (character sometimes not clearly evident); T3 apical margin simple and continuous with very thin hyaline rim, in some species with a lobe on lateral edge at base of T3; golden red specimens in nature, usually greenish-copper in collections (not yet recorded in India, expected for the Palaearctic part)......... Spintharina Semenow, 1892

- Flagellomeres cylindrical, if ventrally bulging, then TFC faint and scapal basin almost flat, evenly micropunctate; TFC various, propodeal angles various, not basally lobed or restricted; T3 apical margin various, without hyaline rim; body colour various. .................................................................................................. 30

30 Apex of T3 without teeth; male genitalia with longitudinal crest on aedeagus; one species, blue coloured, with scapal basin hollowed, striate, topped by convex TFC; metanotum with raised subtriangular median area, shallowly concave medially; black spots on S2 large, subrectangular and connected to lateral margins ( Fig. 71 )... Istiochrysis Rosa & Xu in Rosa et al., 2016c

- Apex of T3 various; male genitalia unmodified, aedeagus without subsidiary structure; in case of edentate T3, then TFC vanishing; metanotum convex or mucronate; black spots on S2 differently shaped.................... Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761

Figures

FIGURE 2. Lustrina assamensis Kurian, 1955, female. Habitus, dorsal view. Photo: Toshiharu Mita.

FIGURE 3. Indothrix longicornis Krombein, 1957, holotype, male. A. Head, frontal view. B. Habitus, lateral view.

FIGURE 4. Loboscelidia incompleta Kimsey, 2012, holotype, male. A–C. Habitus, lateral (A), dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views.

FIGURE 5. Loboscelidia indica Kimsey, 1988, holotype, male. A, B, D. Habitus, dorsal (A), lateral (B) and dorsal (D) views. C. Head, frontal view.

FIGURE 6. Elampus assamensis (Mocsáry, 1911), holotype, male. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Third tergum, posterior view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 7. Elampus gladiator Rosa, sp. nov., holotype, male.A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head, frontal view. G. Third tergum, posterior view. Elampus gladiator Rosa, sp. nov., paratype, female. C. Habitus, lateral view. E. Head, frontal view. F. Head, dorsal view. H. Third tergum, posterior view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 8. Hedychridium wroughtoni du Buysson, 1896, female from Tamil Nadu. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Head, frontal view. D. Metasoma, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 9. Hedychrum crassitarse Rosa, 2019, holotype, female.A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Metaleg. D. Head, frontal view. E. Metasoma, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 10. Hedychrum lugubre Cameron, 1897, holotype, female. Habitus, dorsal view. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 11. Hedychrum timidum Dahlbom, 1854, holotype, female. A. Head, frontal view. B. Metasoma, dorsal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm. (© The Trustees of the NHMUK)

FIGURE 12. Holophris taiwana (Tsuneki, 1970), female from Tamil Nadu. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Head, frontal view. D. Metasoma, postero-lateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 13. Holopyga indica Mocsáry, 1889, female from Uttar Pradesh. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Head, frontal view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view.

FIGURE 14. Holopyga nursei Bingham, 1903, male from Gujarat. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Head, frontal view. D. Head, dorsal view. E. Genital capsule, ventral view. F. Genital capsule, dorsal view. G. Metasoma, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 15. Omalus timidus (Nurse, 1902), paralectotype, female. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Metasoma, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 37. Chrysis excellens Linsenmaier, 1997, holotype female. A. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Head, dorsal view. E. Metasoma, dorsal view. Paratype male from Pakistan. B. Habitus, dorsal view. D. Head, dorsal view. F. genital capsule, dorsal view. G. Metasoma, dorso-lateral view. H. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 70. Chrysura kashmirensis (Nurse, 1902), lectotype, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view. (© The Trustees of the NH- MUK) Paralectotype female. B. Head, frontal view. C. Metasoma, dorso-lateral view. D. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 71. Istiochrysis ziliolii Rosa et al. 2016c, female from Uttarakhand. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Metasoma, postero-lateral view. E. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 72. Odontochrydium xui Rosa, 2018, holotype, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Head, frontal view. D. Metasoma, posterior view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 73. Praestochrysis amoenula (Mocsáry, 1899), female from Tamil Nadu. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view. E. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 74. Praestochrysis furcifera (Bingham, 1903), female from Tamil Nadu. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view. E. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 75. Praestochrysis libita (du Buysson, 1896), male from Tamil Nadu. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view. E. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 76. Praestochrysis palawanensis (Mocsáry, 1899), holotype, female. A. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view. E. Metasoma, posterior view. F. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 77. Praestochrysis shanghaiensis (Smith, 1874), female from Japan. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Metasoma, dorso-lateral view. E. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 78. Stilbum cyanurum (Forster, 1771), female. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 79. Trichrysis excisifrons (Mocsáry 1912), holotype, female.A. Mesosoma, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view. E. Third tergum, posterior view. F. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 81. Trichrysis lanka (Bingham, 1903), female from Tamil Nadu. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Head, frontal view. D. Metasoma, postero-lateral view. E. Metasoma, posterior view. F. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 83. Trichrysis mendicalis (Cameron, 1897), female from Sri Lanka. A. Head and mesosoma, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Metasoma, lateral view. E. Third tergum, posterior view. F. Metasoma, ventral view.

FIGURE 84. Trichrysis tonkinensis (Mocsáry, 1914), holotype, female. A. Mesosoma, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view. E. Third tergum, posterior view. F. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 85. Trichrysis triacantha (Mocsáry, 1889), lectotype, female.A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Metasoma, dorsal view. E. Third tergum, posterior view. F. Metasoma, ventral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 86. Parnopes indicus Linsenmaier, 1968, holotype, male. Habitus, dorsal view. (© The Trustees of the NHMUK)

FIGURE 87. Parnopes viridis Brullé, 1846, female from Tamil Nadu. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. Scale bars 1.0 mm.