Cleiothyridininae Alvarez, Rong, and Boucot, 1998

Baliński, Andrzej, 2002, Frasnian-Famennian brachiopod extinction and recovery in southern Poland, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 47 (2), pp. 289-305 : 302-303

Subfamily Cleiothyridininae Alvarez, Rong, and Boucot, 1998

Genus Crinisarina Cooper and Dutro, 1982 Crinisarina angelicoides ( Merriam, 1940)

Figs. 8A, B , 9 .

Athyris angelicoides n. sp.; C.W. Merriam 1940: 84–85, pl. 10: 1

Material.—Twelve complete or slightly damaged shells and nine fragments. Although the specimens are frequently exfoliated, three of them preserve well the characteristic lamellose–spinose ornament in small weathered patches.

Remarks.—The specimens form Dębnik closely correspond in shell shape, dimensions and parasulcation to those of Athyris angelicoides Merriam, 1940 from the Early Famennian of the Upper Devils Gate Formation of Nevada ( Merriam 1940). Cooper and Dutro (1982: 92) placed this species in their new genus Crinisarina . Two other specimens described from a slightly younger horizon from the Dębnik anticline ( Pa. crepida conodont Zone) by Baliński (1995a) as “ Athyris ” aff. reticulata ( Gosselet, 1877) are very similar externally to the present specimens. The younger specimens, however, differ by having deeper and more angular ventral sulcus distinctly bounded laterally by folds. Their ventral valves also differ by having concave antero−lateral flanks. They most probably represent another species related to C. angelicoides on one hand, and to Spirigera reticulata Gosselet on the other. Although the specimens from the interval of the Pa. crepida Zone are completely exfoliated and thus devoid of original shell ornamentation, they almost certainly represent the genus Crinisarina . Recent examination by the present author of the topotype material of Spirigera reticulata var. carinata Gosselet, 1877 from Senzeilles ( Belgium) revealed that the variety possesses characteristic angular ventral sulcus and angular summit of the dorsal fold and the shell ornamentation, which consists of concentric growth lamellae bearing a fringe of spines (see also Gosselet 1877, pl. 3: 3f). Thus, most probably Gosselet’s species also belongs to the genus Crinisarina . If it is so, there is a homonymy between Spirigera reticulata Gosselet, 1877 and Cleiothyridina reticulata Stainbrook, 1947 . The later is a type species of the genus Crinisarina Cooper and Dutro, 1982 . Unfortunately, the details of the internal shell structure of these two forms remains unknown.

Occurrence.— Crinisarina angelicoides occurs in the early Famennian in the Cyrtospirifer Zone of the Upper Devils Gate Formation of Nevada ( Merriam 1940). In Poland the species occurs in dark−grey micrites in trench Z−17 near the village of Dębnik, Cracow Region, southern Poland. It was also found in the early Famennian set F at Psie Górki, Holy Cross Mountains.

Figures

Fig. 8. Early Famennian brachiopods, trench Z−17, Dębnik anticline, Poland. A, B. Crinisarina angelicoides (Merriam, 1940). A. Complete shell Bp 46/49a in dorsal, lateral, and anterior views. B. Complete shell Bp 46/49b in dorsal, ventral and anterior views. C–E. Pygmis jablonensis (Biernat, 1983); three shells Bp 46/57a, b, and c in dorsal, ventral, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. F. Cyrtospirifer minor (Gürich, 1903); adult shell Bp 46/1a in dorsal, lateral, and anterior views. G. Warrenella sp.; incomplete shell Bp 46/16 in ventral view. All × 1.5.

Fig.9. Transverse serial sections of shell Bp 46/49q of Crinisarina angelicoides (Merriam, 1940). Numbers refer to distances in mm from the ventral apex.