Lalos Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler & Zhao, 2010

Ohler, Annemarie, Wollenberg, Katharina C., Grosjean, Stéphane, Hendrix, Ralf, Vences, Miguel, Ziegler, Thomas & Dubois, Alain, 2011, Sorting out Lalos: description of new species and additional taxonomic data on megophryid frogs from northern Indochina (genus Leptolalax, Megophryidae, Anura) 3147, Zootaxa 3147 (1), pp. 1-83 : 27-28

Subgenus Lalos Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler & Zhao, 2010

The characters listed below are those shared by all Leptolalax (Lalos) species studied here. They refer to the description scheme of Ohler (1996) and are the complement of the characters given for each species. We list them in order not to repeat them for every single species. Characters listed in species descriptions allow to distinguish them from the other species studied.

Subgeneric diagnosis. (3) Snout rounded. (6) Nostrils without skin flap. (7) Pupil oval, vertical. (9) Pineal ocellus absent. (10) Vomerine ridge absent. (11) Tongue emarginate; median lingual process absent. (14) Relative length of fingers, shortest to longest: I <II <IV <III or I <II = IV <III. (15) Tips of fingers rounded. (16) Fingers without webbing. (17) Subarticular tubercles absent. (18) Prepollex absent; two distinct palmar tubercles, median rounded, outer oval; supernumerary tubercles absent. (20) Toes long and thin. (21) Relative length of toes, shortest to longest: I <II <V <III <IV. (22) Tips of toes rounded. (25) Subarticular tubercles below toes absent. (27) Tarsal fold absent. (28) Outer metatarsal tubercle, supernumerary tubercles, tarsal tubercle absent. (33) A pair of often poorly distinct whitish axillary glands present; a pair of distinct femoral and suprabrachial glands present; a pair of lateroventral glandular ridges, at least as a short alignement of individual glandular warts, but usually as a distinct line of glandular warts extending from axilla to near groin, present.

Male secondary sexual characters. (37) Nuptial spines absent. (38) Vocal sac openings present. (39) No other male secondary sexual characters.

Comments. For nomenclatural issues, we describe first the morphology of Leptolalax pelodytoides , for which no molecular data are available, but the nomen of which has been largely applied to specimens of this group. The other species will be presented in phylogenetic order as proposed by the phylogram in figure 4. The two species of the subgenus Leptolalax , L. heteropus and L. arayai , included in the molecular phylogeny, are not considered further. For comparison, Tables 3–5 give morphometrical, morphological and coloration characters of species allocated to Lalos .

In the original description of L. sungi ( Lathrop et al. 1998) , the authors stated that the suprabrachial and lateroventral glands are absent, but examination of the hypodigm and specimens from IEBR showed that these glands are present but relatively much smaller and finer than in other species of the subgenus.