Episcomitra friedbergi ( Cossmann, 1912 )

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard, 2021, The Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 4983 (3), pp. 1-72 : 20-21

Episcomitra friedbergi ( Cossmann, 1912)

Figs 5E 1 –E 2 , F 1 –F 2

? Mitra fusiformis Brocc. — Hörnes 1852b: 98, pl. 10, fig. 5 [non Episcomitra fusiformis ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

? Mitra fusiformis Brocc. — Hörnes 1852b: 98, pl. 10, fig. 6 [non Episcomitra fusiformis ( Brocchi, 1814) ].

Mitra fusiformis Brocc. — Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 75, pl. 8, fig. 28 [non Episcomitra fusiformis ( Brocchi, 1814) ] [non pl. 8, figs, 27, 29 = Episcomitra neubaueri nov. sp.].

Mitra ambigua Friedb. — Friedberg 1911: 10, text-fig. 2, pl. 1, fig. 6 [nov. nom pro Mitra fusiformis Hörnes 1852b , pl. 10, figs 4–7 and Hoernes & Auinger, 1880, pl. 8, figs 27–29] [non Swainson, 1829].

* Mitra friedbergi Cossm. 1912 — Cossmann 1912: 214 [nov. nom. pro Mitra ambigua Friedberg, 1911 non Swainson, 1829].

Mitra friedbergi Cossm. —Friedberg 1928: 577.

Mitra Friedbergi Cossm. — Friedberg 1938: 130.

Mitra ambigua Friedberg — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 48, pl. 6, fig. 17 [non Swainson, 1829].

Mitra ambigua Friedberg — Glibert 1960: 39.

Mitraria (Mitraria) friedbergi ( Cossmann, 1912) —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 158, pl. 42, fig. 5.

? Mitra hoernesi Mayer, 1864 — Strausz 1966: 363, pl. 41, figs 15–18.

Mitraria (Mitraria) friedbergi ( Cossmann, 1912) — Bałuk 1997: pl. 8, figs 1–2.

Mitraria friedbergi ( Cossmann, 1912) — Harzhauser 2002: 107, pl. 8, fig. 21.

Type material. Lectotype (designated herein): NHMW 20200124 /0001, SL: 45.5 mm, MD: 15.0 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Hoernes & Auinger (1880, pl. 8, figs 28a–b), figs 5E 1 –E 2.

Additional material. NHMW 1868 /0001/0398, SL: 40.0 mm , MD: 13.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) , figs 5F 1 –F 2; NHMW 1876 /0011/0009, 9 specimens, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; NHMW 1866 /0001/1011, 2 specimens, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; NHMW 1865 /0001/1082, 9 specimens, Grund ( Austria) ;? NHMW 2020 /0125/0001, SL: 21.5 mm , MD: 7.6 mm, Steinebrunn ( Austria) , illustrated in Hörnes 1852b: 98, pl. 10, fig. 5;? NHMW 1846 /0037/0096, SL: 39.4 mm , MD: 12.1 mm, Mikulov ( Czech Republic) , illustrated in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, fig. 5).

Revised description. Shell medium sized, moderately slender fusiform with impressed suture. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls straight sided, conical, periphery at abapical suture. Spiral sculpture of four convex spiral cords on first three teleoconch whorls, rapidly fading out on next whorls. Later spire whorls weakly convex with maximum convexity below mid-whorl. Last whorl weakly convex, with low base and shallow basal concavity. Shell surface smooth except for weakly prosocline growth lines and delicate spiral cords on base and fasciole. Aperture moderately wide, adapically narrowly angulated with indistinct anal canal. Columellar callus narrow, sharply delimited. Columella with four oblique columellar folds, abapically decreasing in strength. Siphonal canal moderately short, wide, straight with incised siphonal notch.

Discussion. When introducing Mitra ambigua as new name, Friedberg (1911: 19) explicitly referred to the specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10, figs 4–7) and Hoernes & Auinger (1880 pl. 8, figs 27–29) as Mitra fusiformis Brocchi. Cossmann (1912: 214) pointed out that Mitra ambigua was preoccupied by Swainson (1829) and proposed Mitra friedbergi as replacement name without commenting on type specimens. Thus, the syntype series comprises seven specimens, of which most are problematic. The specimens illustrated as figures 4 and 7 in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10) are lost and cannot serve as types. The specimen illustrated as figure 5 is a slender shell, differing from Mitra ambigua as described by Friedberg (1911). Although it might be an aberrant specimen or extreme morph of Episcomitra friedbergi , it should not be selected as lectotype. The specimen illustrated as figure 6 in Hörnes (1852b, pl. 10) is a juvenile specimen and is tentatively placed herein in E. friedbergi . The specimens illustrated by Hoernes & Auinger (1880 pl. 8, figs 27, 29) differ from the description of Mitra ambigua in Friedberg (1911) in their conical spire and prominent spiral sculpture, and are described herein as Episcomitra neubaueri nov. sp. Thus, only the specimen illustrated as figure 28 by Hoernes & Auinger (1880 pl. 8) agrees with the description by Friedberg (1911) and is therefore selected as lectotype.

The most striking feature of this species is the relative inflation of the penultimate and last whorls compared to the earlier spire whorls and the relatively low aperture. None of the numerous Italian Neogene species show this combination of features; E. astensis ( Bellardi, 1850) from the Pliocene is probably closest in shape, but the spire growth is more regular and the aperture taller. Episcomitra friedbergi is morphologically close to Episcomitra leopoldiana nov. sp. but lacks the weak shoulder and subcylindrical spire whorls, lacks spiral sculpture on late spire whorls, and has a slightly wider apical angle.

Shell measurements and ratios. SL = 21.5–45.5 mm, MD: 7.6–15.0 mm, AA = 36–38°, SL/MD: 3.1–3.2, AL/AW: 3.8–4.8, AH/S: 2.6–2.9.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Kleinebersdorf ( Austria) ( Harzhauser 2002); Badenian (middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1997); Polish ForeCarpathian Basin: Błonie near Tarnów ( Friedberg 1911); Voronyaky Hills: Hołubica (Holubytsia) ( Ukraine) (Friedberg 1911); Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Dryszczów (Nadrichne), Tarnopol (Ternopil), Zborów (Zboriv), Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1911); Vienna Basin: Steinebrunn, Baden ( Austria); Pannonian Basin: Sámsonháza ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Dacian Basin: Staropatica, Opanec, Târnene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Map of central and south–eastern Europe, representing the area that was partly covered by the Central Paratethys Sea (for detailed maps with the localities mentioned in the text see Kroh (2005) and Nosowska (2020). The white insert corresponds to the area that is restored in the palaeogeographic map below. B. Palaeogeography of the Middle Miocene Paratethys Sea (modified from Harzhauser & Landau 2017) showing the most important sedimentary basins (NAFB: North Alpine Foreland Basin, E–Sopr B: Eisenstadt–Sopron Basin).

FIGURE 2. Measurements for shell morphology and whorl profiles. SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, AA: apical angle, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height. AL: aperture length. AW: aperture width. S: length of siphonal canal.

FIGURE 5. A1–A2. Episcomitra brusinai (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), lectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1854/0035/0100. B1–B2. Episcomitra cf. brusinai (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), Steinebrunn (Austria), NHNW 2020/0123/0001. C1–C2. Episcomitra missile nov. sp., holotype, Guntersdorf (Austria), NHMW 202/0127/0001. D1–D2. Episcomitra missile nov. sp., paratype, Grund (Austria), NHMW 202/0128/0001. E1–E2. Episcomitra friedbergi (Cossmann, 1912), lectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 20200124/0001. F1–F2. Episcomitra friedbergi (Cossmann, 1912), Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1868/0001/0398. G1–G2. Episcomitra neubaueri nov. sp., holotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1854/0035/0084. H1– H2. Episcomitra neubaueri nov. sp., paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1854/0035/0086. I1–I2. Episcomitra neubaueri nov. sp., paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), NHMW 1855/0043/0006.