Ochotona Link 1795

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Lagomorpha, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 185-211 : 185

Ochotona Link 1795

Ochotona Link 1795 , Beitr. Naturgesch., 2: 74.

Type Species: Ochotona minor Link 1795

Synonyms: Abra Gray 1863 ; Abrama Strand 1928 ; Argyrotona Rekovetz 1988 ; Buchneria Erbajeva 1988 ; Lagomys G. Cuvier 1800 ; Lagotona Kretzoi 1941 ; Ogotoma Gray 1867 ; Tibetholagus Argyropulo and Pidoplichko 1939 ; Tibetolagus Argyropulo 1948 .

Species and subspecies: 30 species with 52 subspecies in 3 subgenera:

Subgenus Ochotona (Ochotona) Link 1795

Subgenus Ochotona (Pika) Lácèpde 1799

Subgenus Ochotona (Conothoa) Lyon 1904

Species Ochotona (Pika) alpina (Pallas 1773)

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) alpina subsp. alpina Pallas 1773

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) alpina subsp. changaica Ognev 1940

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) alpina subsp. cinereofusca Schrenk 1858

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) alpina subsp. sushkini Thomas 1924

Species Ochotona (Pika) argentata Howell 1928

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) cansus Lyon 1907

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) cansus subsp. cansus Lyon 1907

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) cansus subsp. morosa Thomas 1912

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) cansus subsp. sorella Thomas 1908

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) cansus subsp. stevensi Osgood 1932

Species Ochotona (Pika) collaris Nelson 1893

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) curzoniae Hodgson 1857

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) dauurica (Pallas 1776)

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) dauurica subsp. dauurica Pallas 1776

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) dauurica subsp. annectens Miller 1911

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) dauurica subsp. bedfordi Thomas 1908

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) dauurica subsp. mursavi Bannikov 1951

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) erythrotis Büchner 1890

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) forresti Thomas 1923

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) gaoligongensis Wang, Gong, and Duan 1988

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) gloveri Thomas 1922

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) gloveri subsp. gloveri Thomas 1922

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) gloveri subsp. brookei Allen 1937

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) gloveri subsp. calloceps Pen et al. 1962

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) himalayana Feng 1973

Species Ochotona (Pika) hoffmanni Formosov et al. 1996

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) huangensis Matschie 1908

Species Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea Pallas 1811

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. hyperborea Pallas 1811

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. cinereoflava Schrenk 1858

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. coreana Allen and Andrews 1913

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. ferruginea Schrenk 1858

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. mantchurica Thomas 1909

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. normalis Schrenk 1858

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. uralensis Flerov 1927

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. yesoensis Kishida 1930

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) hyperborea subsp. yoshikurai Kishida 1932

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) iliensis Li and Ma 1986

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) koslowi Büchner 1894

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) ladacensis Günther 1875

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) macrotis Günther 1875

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) macrotis subsp. macrotis Günther 1875

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) macrotis subsp. auritus Blanford 1875

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) macrotis subsp. chinensis Thomas 1911

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) macrotis subsp. sacana Thomas 1914

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) macrotis subsp. wollastoni Thomas and Hinton 1922

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) muliensis Pen and Feng 1962

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) nigritia Gong et al. 2000

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) nubrica Thomas 1922

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) nubrica subsp. nubrica Thomas 1922

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) nubrica subsp. lhasaensis Feng and Kao 1974

Species Ochotona (Pika) pallasi Gray 1867

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) pallasi subsp. pallasi Gray 1867

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) pallasi subsp. hamica Thomas 1912

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) pallasi subsp. pricei Thomas 1911

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) pallasi subsp. sunidica Ma et al. 1980

Species Ochotona (Pika) princeps Richardson 1828

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) princeps subsp. princeps Richardson 1828

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) princeps subsp. figginsi Allen 1912

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) princeps subsp. saxatilis Bangs 1899

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) princeps subsp. schisticeps Merriam 1889

Subspecies Ochotona (Pika) princeps subsp. taylori Grinnell 1912

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) pusilla (Pallas 1769)

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) pusilla subsp. pusilla Pallas 1769

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) pusilla subsp. angustifrons Argyropulo 1932

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) roylei Ogilby 1839

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) roylei subsp. roylei Ogilby 1839

Subspecies Ochotona (Conothoa) roylei subsp. nepalensis Hodgson 1841

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) rufescens Gray 1842

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) rufescens subsp. rufescens Gray 1842

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) rufescens subsp. regina Thomas 1911

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) rufescens subsp. shukurovoi Heptner 1961

Species Ochotona (Conothoa) rutila Severtzov 1873

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) thibetana Milne-Edwards 1871

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) thibetana subsp. thibetana Milne-Edwards 1871

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) thibetana subsp. nangqenica Zheng et al. 1980

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) thibetana subsp. osgoodi Anthony 1941

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) thibetana subsp. sacraria Thomas 1923

Subspecies Ochotona (Ochotona) thibetana subsp. sikimaria Thomas 1922

Species Ochotona (Ochotona) thomasi Argyropulo 1948

Species Ochotona (Pika) turuchanensis Naumov 1934

Discussion: There have been no grounds for recognizing subgenera due to lack of a phylogenetic analysis of specific relationships within the genus. The subgeneric classifications published (e.g., Allen, 1938; Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951; Erbajeva, 1988; Ognev, 1940) differ dramatically, even when based on the same distinguishing characteristics (morphology of dentition and of incisive and palatal foramina). However, a recent phylogenetic analysis (Yu et al., 2000) based on molecular sequencing, divides the genus into three groups. These were termed "shrub-steppe", "mountain" and "northern". The shrub steppe group includes 7 species that had previously been placed in subgenus Ochotona ; those in the northern group (N=5) in subgenus Pika ; and 7 species in the mountain group had been placed in either subgenus, though predominately in Ochotona . The oldest available name for this third subgenus might appear to be Lagomys Cuvier, 1800 , but the name is unavailable since Palmer (1904:361) fixed the type as Ochotona (Pika) alpina Pallas. Moreover , both Cuvier’s and Olgilby’s (1839) Lagomys are junior homonyms of Lagomys Storr, 1780 , which was a renaming of Arctomys Schreber, 1780 , which in turn became a junior synonym of Marmota Blumenbach, 1779 (I. Ya. Pavlinov, pers. comm.). The earliest available name for the third subgenus thus becomes Conothoa Lyon, 1904, type species O. roylei . The name is a rearrangement of the letters in " Ochotona ". Reviewed by Sokolov et al. (1994). Considerable confusion remains as to the placement of subspecies within species and the independence of some species.