Paulianacarus costaricensis, Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio & Tiedt, Louwrens, 2017

Fernandez, Nestor, Theron, Pieter, Leiva, Sergio & Tiedt, Louwrens, 2017, Two new Oribatid mites from Costa Rica, Mixacarusturialbaiensis sp. n. and Paulianacaruscostaricensis sp. n. (Acari, Oribatida, Lohmanniidae), ZooKeys 680, pp. 33-56 : 33-35

Paulianacarus costaricensis sp. n. Figs 29-30, 31-32, 33-35, 36-41, 42-47, 48-51, 52-55; Table 2

Etymology.

The specific epithet is dedicated to Costa Rica costaricensis (Latin = from Costa Rica), the country where the specimens were collected.

Type material.

Holotype. Label details: "♀ CR 0978 Tu 18a. Costa Rica Turrialba forêt naturelle du catie alt. 560 m. Racines d’epiphytes sur branche tombe 1 mois avant. 24. IX. 1978 LEG P.WERNER". MHNG, preserved in 70% ethanol. Paratypes: same data and locality 2 ♀♀. MHNG, preserved in 70% ethanol.

Diagnosis.

Prodorsum. Triangular to slightly polyhedral; rostrum rectilinear; ro setae inserted far from rostrum; si pectinate (5-8 pectines). Notogaster. Sixteen pairs of setae: c1, c2, c3, d1, d2, d3, e1, e2, f1, f2, h1, h2, h3, p1, p2, p3. Cuticular surface with nine elevated transversal thickenings; 1-5 complete, crossing medial notogastral plane; 6-9 not crossing medial notogastral plane; elevated transversal thickening, nine transverse bands present; 3, 4, 7 smooth, others with promontories.

Description

(Adult female). Measurements. Length 960 (1100-890) × 535 (526-540) (three specimens).

Shape. Elongate ovoid (Figures 29, 30, 31, 32).

Colour. Dark to light brown; slightly shiny when observed in reflected light.

Cerotegument. Nonexistent.

Integument. Complex microsculpture. Rounded promontories (Figures 29, 30, 38, 40, 41); elevated transversal thickening (tr.e.t) (Figures 29, 30, 31, 33); polyhedral microsculpture (0.7-0.8) (Figures 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 indicated by arrow) in depressed areas (Figure 46, under large magnification), this type of microsculpture observed on cuticular structures on various areas of body and legs (Figures 42, 43, 44, 45 indicated by u), principally on transverse bands.

Setation (legs not included). Two types: simple, smooth: prodorsum: le, ro length 163 (140-180); exp, exa length 153 (140-160); notogaster: 167 (140-180); epimeral (40-53); genital 53 (40-52); aggenital 59.5 (45-72); anal 74 (63-81); adanal 119 (100-136); subcapitular (h, m) 51.5 (50-54); a 39.5 (36-41) (Figures 49, 50); simple barbate: in setae 142 (130-150) (Figures 38, 41).

Prodorsum. Triangular to slightly polyhedral in dorsal view (Figures 30, 31); triangular in lateral view (Figures 29, 34).

Rostrum rectilinear (Figures 33-35). Prodorsal margin dentate (Figures 34, 39). Depression housing legs l.d (for legs I and II) (Figure 36) clearly observed as laterally situated concave arc-shaped zone; ro setae inserted far from rostrum, in some instances situated slightly anterior to tr.l.t (transversal elevated thickening) (Figures 29, 30, 31); margins of l.d formed by elevated cuticular thickening (indicated by arrows ¿ Figures 33, 34). Medial prodorsal zone, situated between sb (transverse postbothridial band), transversal linear thickening (tr.l.t) and setae exp, exa, le, with prominent elevated round promontories (Figure 33); smooth polyhedral area situated between l.d elevated margins, tr.l.t and rostrum; with an interior rectangular zone (Figures 33, 34 indicated by s); le setal insertion anterior to tr.l.t (Figure 33), situated near l.d elevated margin (Figure 33, indicated by arrows ¿); bo cup-shaped, dorsally open (Figures 36, 38); si pectinate, with 5-8 large pectines (Figures 33, 38, 41); in setae inserted at level of bo, situated internally to bo and in front of sb (Figures 30, 31); exa and exp well visible, situated marginally on a smooth area (Figure 43); sb clearly discernible, situated behind in setal insertions (Figures 30, 31).

Frontal view. Rostrum rectilinear, situated in medial zone between l.d elevated cuticular thickening (Figures 33, 34, indicated by arrows ¿); prodorsal border at first concave and becoming convex towards the posterior; in boundary zone between concave and convex, a series of dentate projections (Figures 34, 39). Anterior subcapitular zone (Figures 32, 34, 35), adoral setae clearly visible: or3 sigmoid; or2 very complex, leaf-shaped in ventral view (Figure 35), in lateral view (Figure 46) resembling a bird’s head and beak; or1 very complex, resembling a leaf with edges eaten by a caterpillar (Figures 35, 46).

Notogaster. Sixteen pairs of notogastral setae: c1, c2, c3, d1, d2, d3, e1, e2, f1, f2, h1, h2, h3, p1, p2, p3, clearly discernible and directing backward (Figures 29, 30, 31).

Cuticular surface with elevated transversal thickenings (tr.e.t); tr.e.t.1 with rounded promontories, situated in front of c setal alignment, externally to c1 setae; smooth zone between c1 setal pair (Figure 29). Transverse bands: S2 clearly visible (Figures 29, 30, 31), situated behind c setal alignment. Thickenings tr.e.t.2 and tr.e.t.3 between c and d setal alignment; tr.e.t.2 with rounded promontories, close to c alignment; tr.e.t.3 smoothly surfaced, close to d setal alignment; longitudinal furrow running between d1 setal insertions. Transverse band S3 observed between tr.e.t.2 and tr.e.t.3 (Figures 29, 30, 31). S4 situated posterior to d setal alignment. Transverse thickenings tr.e.t.4 and tr.e.t.5 between d and e setal alignment; tr.e.t.4 smooth, with deep central furrow (Figure 30, indicated by¿) running along tr.e.t4; tr.e.t5 with rounded promontories. S5 situated between tr.e.t4 and tr.e.t5. U-shaped S6, with rounded promontories, observed between e and f setal alignment, situated on either side of tr.e.t.6. Posterior to f setal alignment, in oblique position, with central zone not corssing longitudinal medial plane, smooth tr.e.t. 7. S7 situated behind tr.e.t.7; tr.e.t8 in oblique position, not crossing medial longitudinal plane, surface with rounded promontories. S8 behind tr.e.t8; tr.e.t.9 in oblique position, not crossing medial longitudinal plane, smooth; S9 situated behind tr.e.t. A series of more or less triangular posterior promontories (p.p) observed in posterior medial zone (Figures 29, 30, 31). Only lyrifissure ia discernible anteriorly on frontal lobe of pleuraspis.

Lateral region. Bothridium (bo): margin elevated, ovoid, clearly visible (Figures 36, 38); sb depressed zone situated close to and behind bo and in (Figures 30, 31, 38); polyhedral microsculpture (Figure 45); small depressed marginal zone situated above longitudinal unsclerotized line (Figure 37). Rounded promontories easily visible (Figures 36, 38, 40). Prodorsal margin presenting conspicuous depression l.d (Figure 36), housing legs I–IV during leg folding. Polyhedral lobe with lyrifissure ia and rounded promontories (Figure 37) on anterior zone of pleuraspis. Conspicuous tectum on anterior notogastral zone. Unsclerotized longitudinal line easily discernible, exceeding level of f2 setal insertions and clearly delimiting notaspis and pleuraspis (Figure 36).

Ventral region. Four pairs of subcapitular setae (Figure 49); setae h, m2 and a clearly visible (more or less similar length); setae m1 situated marginally and hardly discernible (Figures 32, 37, 49). Infracapitulum: complex microsculpture. Triangular microsculpture with rounded promontories in central zone between setae h, surrounded by smooth zone. Several areas with polyhedral microsculpture (Figure 49, indicated by ¿).

Epimeral zone: only epimere I with rounded promontories, easily observed in insertion zones of setae 1a, 1b, 1c (Figure 47). Other epimeres smooth; epimeral setae variable on epimeres 3, 4 with formulae: 3 –1– [3 (2)]-[4 (3)] (Figure 32 indicated by l). All setae similarly shaped (Figure 47). Genital plate undivided with nine to ten pairs of setae (Figures 32, 49); six or seven aligned paraxially and three or four antiaxially. Preanal plate typically shaped, characteristic of the genus (Figures 47-48). Anal plate fused with adanal, delimiting single plate with six pairs of setae (Figures 47, 48). BPAD clearly visible after lengthy soaking in lactic acid (Figure 32); lyrifissures ia, ip, ih, ip observed (Figures 32, 37).

Legs. Setal formulae I (0 –4–3–3–16– 1) (2 –1– 2); II (0 –6–3–5–13– 1 (1 –1– 1); III (2 –2–3–3–13– 1 (1 –1– 0); IV (2 –3–3–2–13–1(1–0– 0). See Table 2 and Figures 52-55.

Remarks.

Polyhedral microsculpture observed in several areas. Porous areas are very difficult to observe, as in most cases they are situated in the same zone as the microsculpture. On legs this microsculpture is present on all segments.