Schizanthus integrifolius Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 43: 530. 1873

Morales-Fierro, Vanezza, Munoz-Schick, Melica & Moreira-Munoz, Andres, 2020, Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes, PhytoKeys 154, pp. 57-102 : 57

4. Schizanthus integrifolius Phil., Anal. Univ. Chile 43: 530. 1873 Fig. 2H-K

Type.

Chile. Atacama: In andis Copiapo, Dec 1841, C. Gay 1174 bis (lectotype here designated: SGO! [SGO000004520 acc. #055382]).

Taxonomic notes.

According to the protologue, the species was described using materials from two different collection: Andes de Copiapó by C. Gay (1174 bis) and Quebrada de Puquios by F. Geisse. Grau and Gronbach (1984: 123) selected as lectotype [as type] one of the specimens at SGO. However, they erroneously mixed data from two different specimens. They cited: " en el interior de la provincia de Atacama, quebrada de Puquis, F. GEISSE (SGO 55382)", but the SGO number 55382 corresponds to the specimen collected in the mountains of Copiapó by Gay. On the other hand, specimens from Quebrada de Puquios, gathered by Geisse have the numbers 55383 and 42901. Today, we cannot be sure if they selected the specimen from Puquios and annotated the number erroneously, or if they always wanted to lectotypify the specimen collected by Gay but did not realise it was from a different locality. In our opinion, the lectotypification by Grau and Gronbach (1984) is not valid, as the designated lectotype should be referred to a single collection ( Turland et al. 2018; Art. 9.17). For this reason, we have chosen a new lectotype; this herbarium sheet shows the characters of the species more clearly.

The specimens from Quebrada de Puquios [SGO000004521 acc. #055383, SGO000004522 acc. #042901 pro parte] have labels written by R.A. Philippi stating they were collected in 1865, and not in 1861, the year mentioned in the protologue. Most likely, Philippi confused the date of collection in the protologue.

Key characters.

This species has a reduced inferior lip, compared to the upper lip and white flowers with a very long corolla tube which is two or three times longer than the calyx. The basal leaves have entire or dentate and undulate margins.

Distribution.

Endemic to Chile, in the Andean mountains and valleys from the Regions of Atacama (Province of Chañaral, 26°20' lat. S) to Coquimbo (Province of Elqui, 30°10' lat. S). 800-2800 m a.s.l.

Habitat.

Schizanthus integrifolius is frequent in rocky areas on hillsides and in screes. It grows better in well-drained soils, like coarse sand, but is less abundant when growing in clay soils. Other species in the community include Heliotropium sinuatum (Miers) I.M.Johnst. ( Heliotropiaceae ), Encelia canescens Lam. ( Asteraceae ) and Spinoliva ilicifolia (Hook. & Arn.) G.Sancho ( Asteraceae ).

Conservation.

Chile. Atacama: Los Huascoaltinos Private Natural Reserve ( Peña-Gómez 2005).

Selected specimens examined.

Chile. Atacama: [ Chañaral Province] El Salvador, 26°23'42.53"S, 69°30'19.33"W, 2145 m a.s.l., 25 Nov 2011, S. Teillier & A. Walkowiak 8128 (CONC); In Cachiyuyo, im Berraquilla-Tal, 800 m a.s.l., 21 Sep 1972, O. Zoellner 6122 (L); Potrerillos, camino a la mina El Hueso, 31 Oct 1995, S. Teillier 3697 (SGO); [ Copiapó Province] Camino de Copiapó al Tranque Lautaro, 14 km antes del tranque, 26 Oct 1965, M. Ricardi, C. Marticorena & O. Matthei 1494 (CONC); In Jorquera Tal, 1500 m a.s.l., 12 Jan 1970, O. Zoellner 4258 (L); [Huasco Province] San Félix, al interior, 28°5'S, 70°28'W, 1250 m a.s.l., 11 Dec 2008, M. Rosas 6142 (CONC); Vallenar, Alto del Carmen,, ca. 800 m a.s.l., Nov 1923, E. Werdermann 151 (E, L, SI); Poco al W de El Tránsito, 3 Oct 1997, M. Muñoz 3831 (SGO); Coquimbo: [Elqui Province] A unos 10 km al sur de Vicuña en el camino a Hurtado, 800 m a.s.l., 13 Oct 1940, G. Looser 4305 (CONC, SGO); Camino entre Vicuña y Hurtado, Hacienda Pangui, 800 m a.s.l., 13 Oct 1940, G. Looser 4305 (US).

Figures

Figure 2. A distribution of Schizanthus lacteus B examples of S. lacteus in La Chimba National Reserve C Quebrada Peralito D Paposo E distribution of Schizanthus candidus F illustration of S. candidus published with the description of the species (Lindley 1843) G example of S. candidus in Quebrada de Carrizal H distribution of Schizanthus integrifolius I examples of S. integrifolius in Embalse Santa Juana J Rio Cachitos K Alto del Carmen. Photos by M. T. Eyzaguirre (B-D, I, J), A. Moreira-Munoz (G), S. Moreira (K).