Denierella, Kaszab, 1952

Bologna, M. A. & Pinto, J. D., 2002, The Old World genera of Meloidae (Coleoptera): a key and synopsis, Journal of Natural History 36 (17), pp. 2013-2102 : 2059-2060

Denierella is a probable synonym of Epicauta . It can be distinguished only by its serrate claws, a character state that also occurs in two New World species of 2014 other Epicauta large (Pinto meloine, 1991 genera). Similar ( Lytta intrageneric, Lydomorphus variation, Mylabris in, claw etc.). structure occurs in February 40. Epicauta (gure Dejean 8), 1834 13 Causima Dejean, 1834 . Type species: Lytta vidua Klug, 1825 , by monotypy. 15 Henous Haldeman, 1852 . Type species: Henous techanus Haldeman (= Meloe conferta Say , 23: Isopentra 1824 ), Mulsant by monotypy and. Ray, 1858. Type species: Lytta megalocephala Gebler, 1817 , by at subsequent designation (Werner, 1945).] Bath Apterospasta tion (Wellman LeConte, 1910, 1862).. Type species: Lytta segmenta Say, 1823 , by subsequent designaof Macrobasis LeConte, 1862 . Type species: Lytta albida Say, 1824 , by subsequent designation University Nomaspis Gnathospasta Pleuropompha (Haldeman Wellman LeConte, Horn, LeConte 1910 1854,,)) 1875; 1866, currently by, 1862.. monotypy Type Type. Type as species species subgenus. species :: Gnathospasta Meloe : Lytta (Pinto parvus costata, 1991 mimetica Haldeman). LeConte Horn,, 1854 1852, by, monotypy by (= Meloe monotypy. parvulus. [by Anomalonyx Denier, 1935 . Type species: Lytta fumosa Germar, 1824 , by original designation. Downloaded Maculicauta Anomalonychus [Type designation nec Anomalonyx species Dillon. Saylor., Meloe Weise, 1952 1940 . (. 1903 erythrocephalus Type New) name (species Chrysomelidae for: Epicauta Anomalonyx Pallas )];, replaced stuarti 1776 Denier, by by LeConte, Anomalonychus 1935 subsequent., 1868, designation by Saylor original.

(Werner, 1945). Ca 381 spp. (ca 110 in the Old World).

Geographic distribution. Occurring on all of the major land masses except

Australia, New Zealand and Madagascar. Widespread throughout the Old World except at extreme N latitudes.

References

Taxonomy. Haag-Rutenber g (1880 partial key); Reitter (1905); Péringuey (1909 key to South African spp.); Denier (1935a, 1935b); Werner (1945 key to US and Canadian spp., 1954); Kaszab (1952b key to the Palaearctic and Oriental species, 1953c key to the Afrotropical species, 1960b, 1978); Tan (1958); Anand (1977); Saha (1979); Selander and Mathieu (1969 partial catalogue of American spp.); Adams and Selander (1979 partial catalogue of American spp.); Pinto (1980, 1984b, 1991 revision North American species including key to spp.); Bologna (1991a); Dvorak (1996c).

2014 February 13 15: 23 at] Bath of University [by Downloaded

2060 M. A. Bologna and J. D. Pinto

Bionomics. Beauregard (1890); Roepke (1917); Verbeek (1932); Jannone (1935); Cros (1937); Görnitz (1937); Horsfall (1941, 1942, 1943); Church (1967); Nagatomi (1967); Selander and Mathieu (1969); Selander and Weddle (1969, 1972); El Rayah (1973); Adams and Selander (1979); Selander (1981, 1982); Pinto (1973, 1991); Gahukar et al. (1989); Bologna (1991a, 1994b).

Larvae. Beauregard (1890); Bréthes (1901, 1917); Cros (1937); Horsfall (1941); MacSwain (1956); Berr ǵ os-Ortiz and Selander (1972); Pinto (1972a, 1991); Selander and Aga tei (1982).

Anatomy. Beauregard (1890); Gupta (1971, 1978); Ferreira and Mesa (1977); Berr ǵ os-Ortiz and Selander (1979); Dey et al. (1985); Berr ǵ os-Ortiz (1986).

Physiology. Cohen and Pinto (1977).

Pharmacology. Cornalia (1865); Beauregard (1890); Théodoridès (1950); Hammouda and Salama (1974); Inagaki et al. (1983).

Fossils. Werner (1970).

Notes

Epicauta includes two subgenera. The geographic distribution of the nominate subgenus coincides with that of the genus itself. Macrobasis (ca 70 species) is restricted primarily to North America ( Pinto, 1991) . Among the synonyms listed above, Gnathospasta and Apterospasta are junior synonyms of Macrobasis at the subgeneric level. Keys by Kaszab (1952b, 1953c, 1960b, 1978) are available for the Old World species although they are incomplete and diYcult to use especially for females. A modern revision is available only for the North American species ( Pinto, 1991).

Epicauta are parasitoids of grasshopper eggs, primarily of the family Acrididae . Selander (1981, 1982) provides evidence that certain species feed on the eggs of other Epicauta .