Actinoptera montana (Meijere, 1924)

Han, Ho-Yeon, 2019, Ten species of the subfamily Tephritinae (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) newly recorded in Korea, Journal of Species Research 8 (3), pp. 294-312 : 295

1. Actinoptera montana (Meijere, 1924)

üḏẹḤŭẖṻƞ (ṵḍ) ( Fig. 1A- C )

Tephritis montana Meijere, 1924: 223 (type locality - Indonesia, Java, Pangerango ; lectotype $, ZMAN; lectotype designation by inference of holotype by Hardy, 1988: 19).

Trypanea separata Zia, 1937: 218 (type locality - China, Zhejiang, Chusan [Zhousan]; holotype $, IZAS); Wang, 1998: 251 (new synonym of A. montana ).

Actinoptera trypaneoides Shiraki, 1968: 88 (type locality - Japan, Ryukyu Is., Iriomote I.; holotype ♂, NIAS).

Tephritis carcassa Dirlbek and Dirlbekova, 1974: 4 (type locality - N. Korea; holotype $, NMPC; Kwon, 1985: 90 (in Korean Tephritidae revision - specimens not examined); Norrbom et al., 1999: 215 (in world catalog); Han and Kwon, 2000: 70 (new synonym of Trupanea convergens - error).

Tephritis cacarssa (misspelling): Wang, 1998: 251 (new synonym of A. montana - see Remarks).

Actinoptera montana : Hardy, 1974: 233 (ex Buchanania arborescens [ Anacardiaceae ], flower head); Korneyev and Ovchinnikova, 2004: 554 (in Russian Far East key); Wang, 1998: 250, 251 (in East Asian Actinoptera key; diagnosis and distribution).

Diagnosis. This small species has a single dark antero-subapical wing marking with rays as in Trupanea species ( Figs. 1 vs. 9). Both Korean Actinoptera species can be readily distinguished from any other Korean tephritids by having 1) single pair of orbital setae ( Fig. 1 A-a); 2) extremely short pterostigma ( Fig. 1 A-b); and 3) lacking apical scutellar seta ( Fig. 1B ). In Korea, this species can be further distinguished from A. reticulata , by wing cells c and br almost hyaline ( Fig. 1 A-c, d).

Description of Korean material. Wing length about 2.1 mm; all setae and setulae pale yellow to white. Head yellowish brown with small normal shaped mouthparts; genal seta white, strong; with 2 pale yellow frontal and 1 orbital setae; ocellar seta stronger than frontal setae. Thorax looks matte whitish grey due to dark brown ground color covered with heavy whitish grey pruinosity; grey anterior notopleural seta strong; white and thick posterior notopleural seta about half as long as anterior one; grey upper anepisternal seta strong; white and thick lower anepisternal seta about 1/3 as long as upper one; katepisternal seta strong, pale grey; anepimeral seta strong, white; scutellum only with pair of strong, grey basal setae. Legs predominantly yellowish brown with basal half of mid- and hind femora darker; fore femur with 5-6 pale yellow postero-ventral setae; mid coxal seta strong, white. Wing with single large star-shaped dark marking antero-subapically; basal 2/3 of wing largely hyaline, only with small faint brownish areas at apex of pterostigma, narrow area banding crossvein R-M, middle of cells dm and cu 2; cell r 1 apical to pterostigma with narrow longitudinal dark band medially and dark area at apical 1/3; apical half of cell r 2 + 3 dark with small round hyaline spot at apex of vein R 2 + 3 and much larger round spot subapically; cell r 4+ 5 with basal 1/5 hyaline, middle 2/5 dark brown, apical 2/5 lying Y-banded across apices of veins R 2+ 3 and R 4 + 5; cell m with 3 longitudinal rays from dark area of cell r 4 + 5. Abdomen matte light grey; oviscape shiny black, equal to or slightly longer than abdominal tergites 4-6.

Material examined. KOREA: Gangwon-do : Jeongseon-gun , Nam-myeon , Mt. Mindungsan, from Yupyeong-ri to 1119 m peak, N37°16 ʹ 15 ʺ E128°46 ʹ 30 ʺ, 8.VI.2017, H.-Y. Han and S.-S. Euo, 1♂ ( NIBR) .

Distribution. Korea, China (Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan), Japan (Ryukyu Is.), Philippines, Indonesia (Java), India.

Biology. This species had been reared from flower heads of Buchanania arborescens [ Anacardiaceae ] in Philippines ( Hardy, 1974).

Remarks. Wang (1998) synonymized Tephritis carcassa with A. montana , and I also found that the illustration of the North Korean holotype wing (Dirlbek and Dirlbekova, 1974) is almost identical to that of the single A. montana male obtained from South Korea ( Fig. 1A ). Both species share an almost identical wing pattern as well as the extremely short pterostigma typical to the genus Actinoptera . However, the original description indicates that the holotype of Tephritis carcassa has two pairs of orbital setae and two pairs of scutellar setae, both of which are characteristics of the genus Tephritis but not of Actinoptera ( A. montana actually do have only one pair each of the orbital and scutellar setae; Fig. 1B, C ). Since the other part of the original description as well as the wing illustration agree with the characteristics of A. montana (Meijere, 1924; Hardy, 1974), I believe that the female holotype of T. carcassa might be an aberrant specimen or, more likely, that there might have been some error involved in the original description. The new Korean name of this species translates as “mountainous Actinoptera ” referring to its scientific name.

Figures

Fig. 1. A-C. Actinoptera montana (Meijere, 1924). A. male, lateral view; B. male, dorsal view; C. male head. D, E. Actinoptera reticulata Ito, 1984. D. male, lateral view; E. male, dorsal view.