Campiglossa luxorientis ( Hering, 1940 )

Han, Ho-Yeon, 2019, Ten species of the subfamily Tephritinae (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae) newly recorded in Korea, Journal of Species Research 8 (3), pp. 294-312 : 297-298

3. Campiglossa luxorientis ( Hering, 1940)

ḅệŭẖṻƞ (ṵḍ) ( Fig. 2A- G )

Paroxyna luxorientis Hering, 1940: 16 (new name for Paroxyna oxynoides Hering, 1936 ).

Paroxyna oxynoides Hering, 1936: 186 (type locality - China, Heilongjiang, Charbin; syntype ♂ $, BMNH; preoccupied by Bezzi 1924).

Campiglossa luxorientis : Korneyev, 1996: 119 (type data; host data; erroneous synonymization of C. melanochroa - see Remarks); Wang, 1998: 254, 265 (in East

Asian Campiglossa key; diagnosis and distribution); Norrbom et al., 1999: 112 (in world catalog); Korneyev and Ovchinnikova, 2004: 542 (in Russian Far East key); Korneyev, 2004: 6 (taxonomic discussion).

Diagnosis. This is a highly variable species with sexually dimorphic wing pattern ( Fig. 2A, B, D vs. C, F). Male wings tend to be paler antero-basally, and have wing spots larger than those of females. This species can be distinguished from any other Korean Campiglossa species by the combination of the following characteristics: 1) body pinkish yellowish brown ground color with moderate whitish pruinosity; 2) thorax mostly with small dark spots on bases of acrostichal, intra-alar, and basal scutellar setae ( Fig. 2E, G ); 3) abdominal tergites 3-5 each usually with pair of dark brown spots ( Fig. 2A, G ), but rarely they are missing ( Fig. 2B, C, E ); and 4) wing cell r 2 + 3 basal to crossvein R-M at least with 5 tiny spots plus larger round spot near R-M ( Fig. 2 D-a, F-a). The closely related species, C. melanochroa can be easily distinguished by its much darker body coloration and slender appearance ( Figs. 2 vs. 3).

Description of Korean material. Wing length 4.8-5.6 mm; most setae on head and thorax strong, dark brown, but most setulae ivory white; body mostly pinkish yellowish brown ground color with moderate whitish pruinosity. Head pinkish yellowish brown to brown with large geniculate mouthparts; genal seta strong, ivory white; with two dark brown frontal setae; anterior orbital seta dark brown but posterior seta ivory white; ocellar seta dark brown, distinctly longer than anterior orbital seta. Thorax matte pinkish yellowish brown ground col- or with heavy whitish pruinosity; bases of acrostichal, intra-alar, basal scutellar setae often with round dark brown spots; both notopleural setae dark brown; upper anepisternal seta strong, dark brown but lower anepisternal seta thick and ivory white, about 2/3 as long as upper one; katepisternal seta strong, dark brown; anepimeral seta thick and strong, ivory white; scutellum with apical setae crossed near apex, about half as long as basal seta. Legs yellowish brown with fore femur with 6-7 yellowish white postero-ventral setae; mid coxal seta strong, white. Male wing distinctly paler than female; pale yellow to dark brown with numerous round hyaline spots in variable sizes; cell c hyaline with dark spot in middle; pterostigma brown to dark brown with large yellowish hyaline spot in middle; cell r 1 apical to pterostigma with 3 large hyaline spots (additional spot, if any, much smaller); cell r 2 + 3 basal to R-M at least with 5 tiny spots plus large round spot near crossvein R-M; cell r 4 + 5 apically with round hyaline spot; cell m with 4 large round spot plus much smaller spots antero-basally. Female wing distinctly darker than male; most major hyaline spots tend to be smaller and tiny spots to be more numerous. Abdomen mostly pinkish pale brown, often with pair of dark brown spots on each of tergite 3-5; oviscape about as long as preceding 2 abdominal segments, often shiny brown with basal and apical portions dark brown, but rarely entirely dark brown.

Material examined. KOREA: Gangwon-do : Jeongseon-gun , Nam-myeon , Mt. Mindungsan, from Yupyeong-ri to 1119 m peak, N37°16 ʹ 15 ʺ E128°46 ʹ 30 ʺ, 4.VIII.2004, H.- Y. Han et al., 18♂ , 17$; ditto, 8.VII.2005, 7♂ , 6$; ditto, 16.VII.2005, 7♂ , 13$; ditto, 19.VII.2005, 18♂ , 12$; 29.VIII.2005, 1♂, 1$; ditto, 2.VIII.2006, 6♂ , 6$; Hongcheon-gun , Nae-myeon, north valley of Mt. Gyebangsan, 5.VIII.2005, H.-Y. Han and H.-S. Lee, 4♂ , 4$. All deposited in YSUW.

Distribution. Korea, China (Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei), Russian Far East, Mongolia.

Biology. Unknown.

Remarks. Campiglossa luxorientis is a highly variable species with sexual dimorphism in wing pattern ( Fig. 2A, B, D vs. C, F). It appears to be closely related to C. melanochroa , which also shows similar sexual dimorphism ( Fig. 3C, E ). These two species could not be separated by DNA barcode sequences (unpublished personal data), but can easily be distinguished by their morphological characters (see Diagnosis). The early season C. luxorientis includes chubby and pinkish yellowish brown colored flies ( Fig. 3 ), while the late season C. melanochroa includes slender and dark colored flies ( Fig. 4). Korneyev (1996) suggested them to be conspecific, regarding them as seasonal color forms, but he later (Korneyev, 2004) regarded them as separate species because he found both forms in the same time and place. I also believe that they are distinct species because their morphological differences are well beyond the ordinary seasonal variation range found in Campiglossa species (personal observation; light colored early season forms vs. dark color late season forms). Differences can be clearly found in coloration, wing pattern, and body shape ( Fig. 2 vs. Fig. 3 ). It is now well known that there are a good number of closely related species-pairs and complexes that cannot be distinguished by DNA barcoding alone. For example, based on a DNA barcoding analysis of 133 selected lycaenid butterfly species, Wiemer and Fiedler (2007) indicated that there was an 18% overlap in the range of intra- and interspecific sequence divergence due to low interspecific divergence between closely related species. In this study, they separated most closely related species-pairs using their strong phenotypical as well as karyological differentiation. The new Korean name of C. luxorientis translates as “yellowish Campiglossa fly” referring to its ground coloration.

Figures

Fig. 2. Campiglossa luxorientis (Hering, 1940). A. male, dorsal view; B. male, dorsal view; C. female, dorsal view; D. male, lateral view, E. male, dorsal view; F. female, lateral view; G. female dorsal view.

Fig. 3. Campiglossa melanochroa (Hering, 1941). A. male, latero-dorsal view; B. female, dorsal view; C. male, lateral view, D. male, dorsal view; E. female, lateral view; F. female dorsal view.