Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus Habu, 1954

Kim, Dooyoung & Suh, Sang Jae, 2022, Taxonomic and faunistic notes on the genus Trichotichnus from Korea (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalinae, Harpalini), Biodiversity Data Journal 10, pp. 83804-83804 : 83804

Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus Habu, 1954

Trichotichnus vespertinus Habu, 1954 - Habu 1954a: 57 (Japan: Mt. Hiko).

Trichotichnus habui Jedlička, 1958 - Jedlička 1958: 909 (Japan: Mt. Takao).

Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus : Habu, 1961 - Habu 1961: 145.

Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Beommul-dong, Jinbatgol, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°48'10.6"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°39'48.4"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 26.IX.2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Jisan-dong, Joilgol, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°49'44.5"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'44.4"E; Event: samplingProtocol: attracted to light; eventDate: 3.IX.2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Jisan-dong, Joilgol, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°49'44.5"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'44.4"E; Event: samplingProtocol: attracted to light; eventDate: 5.IX.2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 31.Ⅴ.2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 2 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 6.VI.2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male, 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 20.VI.2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 2 males, 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 13.VI.2019; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male, 2 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 18.VI.2019; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 23.VI.2019; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 4.VII.2019; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 7.VII.2019; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 14.Ⅴ.2021; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 19.Ⅴ.2021; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 25.Ⅴ.2021; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 29.Ⅴ.2021; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 5 males, 3 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Duribong, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'17.3"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'31.2"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 6.Ⅹ.2021; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Mt. Muhaksan , Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'13.9"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'19.1"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 5.VI.2021; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Mt. Muhaksan , Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'13.9"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'19.1"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 6.X.2021; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Other material. Occurrence: sex: 1 male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus; order: Coleoptera; family: Carabidae; genus: Trichotichnus; subgenus: Trichotichnus; specificEpithet: vespertinus; scientificNameAuthorship: Habu, 1954; vernacularName: 야산윤머리먼지벌레; Location: country: Korea; stateProvince: Daegu-si; locality: Suseong-gu, Hwanggeum-dong, Beomo Park, Coll. Dooyoung Kim ; verbatimLatitude: 35°50'47.6"N; verbatimLongitude: 128°38'08.4"E; Event: samplingProtocol: under the leaf litter; eventDate: 6. IX.2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Description

Body length: 9.5-10.3 mm, width: 3.9-4.1 mm.

Coloration (Fig. 6 A, B) shiny, black or reddish black, elytra iridescent; antennae, maxillary palpi, labial palpi, and legs yellowish brown; labrum, mandibles, and lateral margin of pronotum reddish brown; apex of each mandible black; ventral side overall black, partially brownish.

Head (Fig. 6 C, D) moderately convex, glabrous; eye prominent, distinctly convex; tempora flat, weakly developed; mandible narrowly rounded at apex, not truncate; anterior margin of labrum gently concave; anterior margin of clypeus almost linear; frontal impression somewhat distinct, gently becoming shallow near eye; supraorbital seta located before the level of hind margin of eye; microsculpture invisible on disc, consisting of faint transverse meshes near supraorbital seta; postgena not ciliate; mentum and submentum fully separated by transverse suture; mentum with one stout tooth, which is widely rounded at apex, epilobe narrow, usually not widened anteriorly, minutely projected beyond lateral lobe; submentum with a pair of long seta; ligula wide, drastically widened at apex, apex truncate, with two apical setae; paraglossa distinctly narrower than ligula, separated from ligula by wide notch apically; penultimate maxillary palpomere slightly longer than apical palpomere; penultimate labial palpomere distinctly longer than apical palpomere; antenna extending behind basal margin of pronotum.

Pronotum (Fig. 6 C) moderately convex anteriorly, somewhat flat posteriorly, wider than long, widest slightly before 2/5 from apex, PbW longer than PL; apical margin slightly emarginate, completely bordered laterally, faint in middle; apical angle rounded, weakly protruding anteriorly; lateral margin slightly sinuate before base; lateral seta located near widest point; basal margin almost straight, slightly bisinuate, longer than apical margin, completely bordered; basal angle obtuse, angulate, slightly protruding laterally; median line shallow, rather clear in middle, interrupted near apex and base; anterior impression quite distinct; basal fovea shallow, slightly curved outwards; surface densely punctate, except on disc, which is faintly and sparsely punctate; microsculpture invisible on disc. PW/HW = 1.40-1.44, mean 1.42; PW/PL = 1.44-1.50, mean 1.47; PW/PbW = 1.29-1.36, mean 1.31, in four males and three females.

Elytra moderately convex, widest before middle; basal edge weakly sinuate medially, forming an obtuse angle with lateral margin; humerus with minute acute tooth visible from behind; apical sinuation very weak; intervals somewhat flat, slightly convex near lateral area and apex, without punctation; setigerous pore of interval 3 located a little behind middle; striae somewhat deep; parascutellar striole moderately long, usually not reaching stria 1; marginal umbilicate series with 21-24 pores; microsculpture invisible on disc. Hind wing fully developed. EW/PW = 1.25-1.32, mean 1.28; EL/EW = 1.55-1.63, mean 1.59, in four males and three females.

Ventral side (Fig. 6 B, E) moderately convex; prosternum covered with very short and fine pubescence; median area of metasternum, median area of abdominal sternite III, and anteromedian area of abdominal sternite IV more sparsely pubescence than prosternum; proepisternum vaguely punctate; meso-, metepisternum, and lateral area of metasternum moderately punctate; metepisternum (Fig. 6 E) distinctly longer than wide (ML/MW = 1.43-1.52, mean 1.48, in three males and three females); anterior and inner margin bordered; apical margin of abdominal sternite VII widely rounded in both sexes, with one pair of setae in male and two pairs of setae in female.

Legs. Protibia longitudinally sulcate on dorsal side; metacoxa with two setae; metafemur with two setae in hind margin; metatarsomere 1 distinctly shorter than metatarsomere 2 and 3 combined, slightly shorter than metatarsomere 5; pro- and mesotarsomere 5 with three setae in each ventrolateral margin and metatarsomere 5 with four setae in each ventrolateral margin.

Male genitalia (Fig. 7 A-F). Median lobe of aedeagus (Fig. 7 A-C) gently curved on dorsal side and almost linear between basal bulb and apex on ventral side in lateral view, almost linear, slightly curved to left side in dorsal view; terminal lamella wider than long; apex minutely hooked ventrally, which looks minutely pointed in dorsal view; large sclerotized spiny hook present at subapical area; ventral side of median lobe bordered with two parallel serrate lines; parameres as in Fig. 7 D and E; sternite IX (Fig. 7 F) explanate on basal area.

Female genitalia (Fig. 7 G). Hemisternite with two to three spines (rarely more than three) apically; basal stylomere with two preapical spines on external margin; apical stylomere short and stout, truncate at apex, with two setae subapically, inner margin slightly curved, outer margin well curved throughout, dorsal and ventral outer margin with one distinct spine, respectively.

Diagnosis

This species can be easily identified by the following significant features of the male and female genitalia: median lobe of aedeagus in apical part minutely hooked ventrally, ventral side bordered with two parallel serrate lines, internal sac with distinct sclerotized spiny hook in subapical area; apical stylomere short and stout.

Distribution

Korea: South (new record); Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu ( Habu 1973).

Ecology

The immature adults were observed from mid-May to June, the mature adults were observed from September to early October and the mating behavior was observed in early October. Most individuals were observed under the leaf litter at the bottom of the drainage channel, located in the surroundings of the deciduous forest (Fig. 3 A, D) and some were attracted to light. According to Habu (1954c), this species was usually collected in the low mountain areas and frequently attracted to light.

Notes

This species was previously only known to occur in Japan, but a new distribution record is added to Korea.

Figures

Figure 3. Observation environment and living examples: A observation environment of T. (B.) nanus Habu, T. (T.) miser (Tschitscherine), and T. (T.) vespertinus Habu; B adult of T. (T.) miser (Tschitscherine); C adult of T. (B.) nanus Habu; D immature adult of T. (T.) vespertinus Habu.

Figure 6. Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus Habu, 1954, male: A habitus, dorsal view; B ditto, ventral view; C head and pronotum, dorsal view; D head, ventral view; E metepisternum. Scale bars: 3 mm (A, B); 1 mm (C); 0.6 mm (D, E).

Figure 7. Male and female genitalia of Trichotichnus (Trichotichnus) vespertinus Habu, 1954: A median lobe of aedeagus, right lateral view; B ditto, dorsal view; C ditto, left lateral view; D left paramere; E right paramere; F male sternite Ⅸ; G female genitalia. Scale bars: 0.6 mm (A - C, F); 0.3 mm (D, E, G).