Lucanus swinhoei Parry, 1874

Zhan, Zhihong & Young, Daniel K., 2023, A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae), Zoological Systematics 48 (4), pp. 279-360 : 303-305

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11865/zs.2023401
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:46AA3E9C-C065-415D-946B-0813AF169B14
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A51987E0-7F4C-FF86-FF02-AB68FCB2F9C0
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Lucanus swinhoei Parry, 1874
status

Treatment

Lucanus swinhoei Parry, 1874 View in CoL ( Figs 70–77 View Figures 70–77 , 254 View Figures 244–259 , 286 View Figures 276–307 , 316 View Figures 308–323 , 344 View Figures 336–363 , 391–393 View Figures 388–411 , 465 View Figures 457–466 )

Lucanus swinhoei Parry, 1874: 370 View in CoL , plate 4, fig. 4; Planet, 1902: 88, figs 47–48; Mizunuma & Nagai, 1994: 216, plate 16, figs 113-1–9;

Sakaino & Yu, 1994: 26–27, figs 5–6; Huang & Chen, 2010: 58–59, plate 35, figs 7–9.

Lucanus swinhoei swinhoei View in CoL : Zilioli, 1998: figs 6–15; Zhang, 2007: 52–53.

Lucanus swinhoei continentalis Zilioli, 1998: 145 View in CoL , figs 7–10; Zhou et al., 2022: 139–155, figs 2A–D.

Material examined. [5♂]: CHINA: Taiwan, Taipei City, Pinglin County // [台北市, 平⁂县]; Alt. 900m; 26 May. 2022 // Jingzhi Lin leg.; [2nd label]: 25.0443°N; 121.5090°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant // Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei swinhoei // Parry ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Taiwan, Nantou County, Ren-Ai Town // Cing-Jing // [南投县, 仁爱乡, dzõ]; Alt. 1000m; 21 May. 2018 // Jingzhi Lin leg.; [2nd label]: 23.9019°N; 120.6903°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei swinhoei // Parry ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Taiwan, Taoyuan City, Fuxing County // Dong-Yan- Shan Mt., // [桃园市, 东岩山]; Alt. 1100m; 12 June. 2019 // Jingzhi Lin leg.; [2nd label]: 24.9937°N; 121.3019°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei swinhoei // Parry ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [1♀]: CHINA: Taiwan, Taipei City, Pinglin County // [台北市, 平⁂县]; Alt. 900m; 26 May. 2022 // Jingzhi Lin leg.; [2nd label]: 25.0443°N; 121.5090°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant // Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei swinhoei // Parry ♀ // det. Z. Zhan. [5♂]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Lishui City, Yunhe County, Zhang-Jia-Di // Village, Jingning // [云和县, 张ẋ地, D Ṫ]; Alt. 900m; 02 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 27.9760°N; 119.3745°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei continentalis // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, De-Hua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [三fi市, 德化县, 九仙山]; Alt. 1000m; 10 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 25.6977°N; 118.1152°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei continentalis // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, Dehua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [三fi市, 德化县, 九仙山]; Alt. 1000m; 30 June. 2021 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 25.6977°N; 118.1152°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei continentalis // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, Dehua County // Lian-Hua-Feng Mt., // [三fi市, 德化县, KAE 峰]; Alt. 1200m; 04 July. 2021 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 28.0946°N; 118.5218°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei continentalis // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Guangxi Province, Jinxiu County // Da-Yao-Shan Mt., // [ṙNj县, kf山]; Alt. 1200m; 03 May. 2021 // Jiabing Huang leg.; [2nd label]: 24.1333°N; 110.1858°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei continentalis // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan [1♀]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, DeHua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [三fi市, 德化县, 九仙山]; Alt. 1000m; 12 July. 2018 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 25.6977°N; 118.1152°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // swinhoei continentalis // Zilioli ♀ // det. Z. Zhan.

Body length 42.3–55.3 mm (♂); 25.6 mm (♀).

Description. Major male. Body reddish to brownish, head, including mandibles, 1.35× width of pronotum and elytra. Head reddish to brownish, surface covered with vestiture of short, fine setae; mandible weakly incurved at middle and at apical 1/3, straight along midlength and outer margins; major inner mandibular teeth located along basal 1/3, relatively far from base, single-point protruding forward and inflated on upper side,>6 small inner mandibular teeth located above major inner mandibular teeth, 1st small inner mandibular teeth sometimes close to major mandibular teeth; apical mandibular forks strongly developed, widely open from front, upper branches of apical fork 1.3× length of lower apical fork branches; lateral ridges of head poorly rounded, evenly convex at end of head; clypeolabrum weakly developed, trapezoidal, labrum triangular, single-pointed at middle. Pronotum brownish, concolorous with head; straight along apex and basal 1/3, weakly rounded at middle; 0.7× width of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing five poorly developed spines from apex to midlength; mesothoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing two weakly developed spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae bright reddish, bearing a single small spine on basal 1/3. Elytra reddish to somewhat brownish, color usually brighter than that of head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: head with middle and outer margins of mandibles somewhat incurved,>8 small inner mandibular teeth located above major mandibular tooth, denticles denser apically. No minor male material available for examination. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment gradually widened and not constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually well defined, 0.4× length of aedeagus; apical flagellum enlarged, flagellum 1.3× length of entire aedeagus; aedeagus slender, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.

Female. Body bright reddish, oval, significantly smaller than major and median males. Head reddish; surface punctate; mandibles incurved at basal 1/3 and apical 1/3; mandibular tooth weakly developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular; left mandibular tooth smooth; preocular and postocular margins weakly developed, not forming acute angle or protruding apically; clypeolabrum weakly developed, triangular, single-pointed at middle. Pronotum reddish; obscurely but densely punctate; prothoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing four spines from apex to midlength; distal two spines strongly developed, forming a gap between spines 3 and 4; prothoracic tibiae 1.45× width of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae black, each bearing a single spine at midlength; metathoracic tibiae black, each bearing a single spine at basal 1/3. Elytra reddish, impunctate, concolorous with head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3.

Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi).

Phenology. Adults of L. swinhoei were collected from mid-May to early June in Taiwan, and from early June to mid-June in Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangxi.

Natural history. Typical host plants of this species are Cyclobalanopsis glauca , height usually around 5– 6 m. Adult longevity is around 14–24 days. There is no published association of larvae and adults. Current rearing records have, however, been recorded by stag beetle amateurs. According to their descriptions, larvae of L. swinhoei require median temperature (stable 21°C) for their first and second instars. The final larval instar requires stable temperatures around 21–22°C. The entire larval development is usually 1.2–1.3 years.

Collecting methods. Hand, net-trapped and light-trap collected.