Lucanus fujianensis Schenk, 2008

Zhan, Zhihong & Young, Daniel K., 2023, A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae), Zoological Systematics 48 (4), pp. 279-360 : 296-300

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11865/zs.2023401
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:46AA3E9C-C065-415D-946B-0813AF169B14
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A51987E0-7F45-FF89-FF02-AC97FCE8FEA0
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Lucanus fujianensis Schenk, 2008
status

Treatment

Lucanus fujianensis Schenk, 2008 View in CoL ( Figs 38–45 View Figures 38–45 , 250 View Figures 244–259 , 282 View Figures 276–307 , 312 View Figures 308–323 , 340 View Figures 336–363 , 379–381 View Figures 364–387 )

Lucanus fujianensis Schenk, 2008: 7 View in CoL , fig. 6; Huang & Chen, 2010: 63–64, plate 35, fig. 10; Huang & Chen, 2013: 9.

Lucanus suzumurai Fujita, 2010: 12 View in CoL , 102–103, figs 272 (1–3).

Material examined. [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Changting City, Si-Du // [Κ亭市, 四¥]; Alt. 1200m; 23 July. 2018 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 27.1081°N; 120.1972°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fujianensis // Schenk ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Ruyuan County // Nanling National Reserve // [南岭国ẋss然保护区]; Alt. 1250m; 25 July. 2020 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 24.9400°N; 113.0415°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [2nd label]: Lucanus // fujianensis // Schenk ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: Guangdong Province, Shaoguan City, Ruyuan County // Nanling National Reserve // [南岭国ẋss然保护区]; Alt. 1250m; 21 July. 2021 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 24.9400°N; 113.0415°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [2nd label]: Lucanus // fujianensis // Schenk ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [1♀]: CHINA: Shaoguan City, Ruyuan County // Nanling National Reserve // [南岭国ẋss然保护区]; Alt. 1250m; 21 July. 2021 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 24.9400°N; 113.0415°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [2nd label]: Lucanus // fujianensis // Schenk ♀ // det. Z. Zhan.

Body length 28.5–53.4 mm (♂); 26.5 mm (♀).

Description. Major male. Body largely reddish, head, including mandibles, 1.3× width of pronotum and elytra. Head reddish to brownish; mandibles incurved along basal 1/3, straight along midlength and apical 1/3; major inner mandibular tooth located basally, weakly developed, single-pointed protruding forward and not inflated on either side, 4–5 small inner mandibular teeth located above the major inner mandibular tooth; apical mandibular fork strongly developed, widely open from the front, upper branches of apical fork 0.8–0.9× length of the lower apical fork branches; lateral ridges of head well rounded, evenly convex at of head; clypeolabrum weakly developed, trapezoidal, labrum triangular, single-pointed at the middle. Pronotum brownish, usually darker than head; weakly rounded along apex, narrowed along basal 1/3; 0.7–0.8× width of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing>6 spines from the apex to the base; mesothoracic tibiae bright reddish, bearing two spines along midlength; metathoracic tibiae bright reddish, bearing a single spine along basal 1/3. Elytra reddish, usually significantly brighter than head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: head with>5 small inner mandibular teeth located above major inner mandibular tooth; apical mandibular fork strongly developed, widely open from the front, upper branches of apical fork subequal in length to those of the lower apical fork branches. Minor male as major and median males except: head with major inner mandibular tooth weakly developed to absent, single-pointed if present; <3 small inner mandibular teeth located below and above the major tooth; upper branches of apical fork 1.2× length of the lower apical fork branches. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment widened just behind cephalic base and then constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually well defined and long, 0.5–0.6× length of the entire aedeagus; apical flagellum enlarged, flagellum 1.2–1.3× length of the aedeagus; aedeagus slender, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.

Female. Body black, oval, usually smaller than major and median males, subequal in length or larger than minor male. Head black; surface punctate; mandibles weakly incurved along basal 1/3 and apical 1/3; mandibular tooth weakly developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular; left mandibular smooth; preocular and postocular margins weakly developed, not forming acute angle or protruding apically; clypeolabrum weakly developed, triangular at the middle. Pronotum black; obscurely but densely punctate; prothoracic tibiae reddish, each bearing four spines from the apex to the midlength; distal two spines strongly developed; prothoracic tibiae subequal in width to that of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae black, bearing 1–2 spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae black, bearing two spines along basal 1/3. Elytra blackish, impunctate, color as that of head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3.

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong) (Huang & Chen, 2010, 2013). Fujita’s (2010) record of L. suzumurai from Shaanxi Province is thought to be a “dubious record” and L. suzumurai should be treated as the synonym of L. fujianensis , as Lucanus fortunei species group’s distribution is restricted to Central and South of China.

Phenology. Adult specimens of L. fujianensis were collected from late of June to late July.

Natural history. The adult flight period for L. fujianensis is late June to late July.

Collecting methods. Light-trap and net-trap collected.

Lucanus kirchneri Zilioli, 1999 View in CoL ( Figs 46–53 View Figures 46–53 , 251 View Figures 244–259 , 283 View Figures 276–307 , 313 View Figures 308–323 , 341 View Figures 336–363 , 382–384 View Figures 364–387 , 462 View Figures 457–466 , 476 View Figures 467–476 ) Lucanus kirchneri Zilioli, 1999: 84 View in CoL , figs 1–4; Huang & Chen, 2010: 67–68, plate 36, figs 9–10.

Material examined. [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City , De-Hua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [三fi市,

德化县, 九仙山]; Alt. 1000m; 12 July. 2018 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 25.6977°N; 118.1152°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // kirchneri // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, De-Hua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [三fi市, 德化县, 九仙山]; Alt. 1000m; 03 July. 2019 // Zihao Yang leg.; [2nd label]: 25.6977°N; 118.1152°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // kirchneri // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, Dehua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [三fi市, 德化县, 九仙山]; Alt. 1000m; 30 June. 2021 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 25.6977°N; 118.1152°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // kirchneri // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, Dehua County // Lian-Hua-Feng Mt., // [三fi市, 德化县, KAE 峰]; Alt. 1200m; 04 July. 2021 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 28.0946°N; 118.5218°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // kirchneri // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan [1♀]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Sanming City, De-Hua County // Jiu-Xian-Shan Mt., // [三fi市, 德化县, 九仙山]; Alt. 1000m; 12 July. 2018 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 25.6977°N; 118.1152°E Adult // collected on host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // kirchneri // Zilioli ♀ // det. Z. Zhan

Body length 25.3–53.5 mm (♂); 25.5 mm (♀).

Description. Major male. Body covered with vestiture of short, yellowish-amber setae; color reddish to brownish or entire black, head, including mandibles, 1.3× width of pronotum and elytra. Head reddish to brownish; mandibles incurved along basal 1/4, straight at midlength and weakly incurved along apical 1/3; two adjacent major inner mandibular teeth located 1/3 from apex, each single-point protruding forward, not inflated on either side, single small inner mandibular tooth located below major inner mandibular teeth; apical mandibular forks strongly developed, widely open from front, upper branches of apical fork subequal in length to those of lower apical fork branches; lateral ridges of head subparallel, poorly rounded, evenly angular, convex at end of head; clypeolabrum weakly developed, trapezoidal, labrum triangular, single-pointed at middle. Pronotum reddish to brownish; straight at apex and basal 1/3, acutely rounded along middle; width 0.6× that of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing four weakly developed spines from apex to midlength; mesothoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing a single spine at midlength; metathoracic tibiae bright reddish, surface smooth and without spines. Elytra reddish to brownish, concolorous with head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: head with three major inner mandibular teeth single-pointed, located closely together; one small inner mandibular tooth located below major teeth. Minor male as major and median males except: head with major inner mandibular tooth weakly developed to absent, if present, single-point and not triangular; no small inner mandibular tooth below major tooth, upper apical-fork branch usually 2× length of lower branch. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment gradually widened and not constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually well defined, 0.5× length of aedeagus; apical flagellum enlarged, flagellum 1.1–1.2× length of entire aedeagus; aedeagus slender, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.

Female. Body covered with vestiture of short, yellowish-amber setae; color reddish to brownish, oval, usually smaller than major and median males, subequal in length or larger than minor male. Head brownish to black; surface punctate; mandibles incurved at basal 1/3 and apical 1/3; mandibular tooth weakly developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular, left mandibular smooth; preocular and postocular margins weakly developed, not forming acute angle or protruding apically; clypeolabrum weakly developed, triangular, single-pointed at middle. Pronotum reddish to brownish; obscurely but densely punctate; prothoracic tibiae bright reddish, bearing 4–5 spines from apex to midlength; distal two spines strongly developed; prothoracic tibiae 1.4–1.5× width of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae bright reddish, bearing two spines at midlength; metathoracic tibiae bright reddish, bearing a single spine at basal 1/3. Elytra reddish to brownish, impunctate, concolorous with head and pronotum; oval, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3.

Distribution. China (Fujian) (Huang & Chen, 2010; Fujita, 2010).

Phenology. Adult specimens of L. kirchneri have been collected from mid-June to early July.

Natural history. Typical host plants of L. kirchneri are Cyclobalanopsis glauca , height usually> 7 m. Adults longevity usually last for 15–30 days. There is no published association of larvae and adults. Current rearing records have, however, been recorded by stag beetle amateurs. According to their descriptions, larvae of L. kirchneri require low temperature (stable 20°C) for their first and second instars. The final larval instar requires stable temperatures around 20–21°C. The entire larval development is usually 1–1.2 years. Only median and minor males, together with females, were sucessfully reared.

Records. Lucanus kirchneri was described by Zilioli (1999). The type specimens labeled as “Wuyi-Shan” were purchased by local vendor in Sanming City, Central Fujian Province. Huang and Chen speculated that “Wuyi-Shan” probably was not the type locality as “Wuyi-Shan” in Fujian has an altitude> 300 m, which does not coincide with the known natural history related to species of the Lucanus fortunei species group (2010: 68). In this study, Sanming City was confirmed as the type locality of L. kirchneri . As a result, Zilioli’s type information needs further study.

Collecting methods. Hand, net-trap and light-trap collected.