Cricotopus parbicinctus Hergstrom

Drayson, Nick, Cranston, Peter S. & Krosch, Matt N., 2015, Taxonomic review of the chironomid genus Cricotopus v. d. Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Australia: keys to males, females, pupae and larvae, description of ten new species and comments on Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu, Zootaxa 3919 (1), pp. 1-40 : 16-18

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:218630EE-6BF7-4E35-A8F6-9E8260D60FA0
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122647
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1ED970B3-823A-4233-A8C4-113179ADFC45
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:1ED970B3-823A-4233-A8C4-113179ADFC45
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Cricotopus parbicinctus Hergstrom
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Cricotopus parbicinctus Hergstrom View in CoL sp. n.

( Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 G, 3B, 4H, 5C, 6G, 7H, 9B, 11D)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org: act :1ED970B3-823A-4233-A8C4- 113179 ADFC45

Cricotopus parbicinctus Hergstrom, 1974: 95 View in CoL [Invalid ICZN, 1985: Article 8a]. Cricotopus View in CoL ‘sp. III’ Drayson, 1992

Cricotopus View in CoL ” parbicinctus View in CoL Hergstrom” in Cranston,1996: 86 [Invalid; author states ‘not formal publication for nomenclatural purposes]

Type material. Holotype ♂: AUSTRALIA: SA: Mt Gambier, Leg of Mutton Lake, 26 Aug 1969 (Hergstrom) ( ANIC). Paratypes: ♂, ♀, SA: Hindmarsh Falls, 4 Nov 1970 (Hergstrom) ( ANIC).

Other material examined. Qld: 2 Pe, Eungella NP, Mt Dalrymple,? Cattle Ck., 21°02'S 148°35'E, 22.iii.1998 (Cranston); 4 Pe, Conondale Range, Stony Ck. #2, 26°52'S 152°44'E, 24.v.1990 (Cranston); 1 Pe, Mt. Crosby, Brisbane R., 27°32'S 152°47'E. 19.i.1991 (Cranston); 1 Pe, Mt. Stanley, Brisbane R., 27°32'S 153°29'E, 19.i.1991 (Cranston); 1 Pe, n.w. Brisbane, Bundaroo Ck., 35°42'S 152°36'E, 27.ix.1989 (Cranston). NSW: Le/Pe/♂, Pe, Deua R., S.E. Araluen, 35°45'S 149°57'E, 29.iii,1988 (Cranston); Pe, Barrengarry R., Belmore Falls, 34°38'S 150°33'E, 3.iv.1991 (Cranston); 3 Pe, Endrick R., 6 km N.E. Nerriga, 35°05'S 150°08'E, 1.ix.1988 (Cranston); 1♂, 1 Pe, Ginninderra Falls, 35°13'S 148°58'E, 6.xii.87 (Cranston); ♂, Le/Pe/♂, 2 Le/Pe/♀, 3 Pe, 1L, Sugarloaf Ck., Clyde Mt., 35°33'S 149°58'E, 10.i.1988 (Cranston); 3 Le/Pe/♂, 2 Pe, Shoalhaven R., Gundillion, 35°35'S 149°37'E, 4.xi.1991 (Cranston); 19 Pe, Albury, Murray R. Stn 6, 36°06'S 147°01 'E, 17.v. l989 (Cook); ♂, 3 Le/Pe/ ♂, 3 Le/Pe/♀, 10 Pe, Albury, Murray R., Waterworks, 36°07'S 146°54'E, 21.xi.1989 (Cook); 1♂, Jindabyne, Rush's Ck., 36°24'S 148°40'E, 12.xii,1987 (Cranston); 2Pe, Kosciuszko NP, Club Lake, 36°25'S 148°17'S, 30.xii.1997 (Cranston); L, Kosciuszko NP, Blue Lake, 1875 m asl. 3.ii.1998 (Cranston); 2 Pe, Kosciuszko NP, Spencer's Ck., 1730m, 36°26'S 148°22'E, 2.i.1988 (Cranston); Pe, Kosciuszko NP, Hedley Tarn, 36°25'S 148°19'E, 30.xii.1989 (Cranston); 3♂, Le/Pe/♀, 8 Pe, Rutherford Ck., Brown Mt., 36°36'S 149°47'E, 17.xii,1990 (Cranston); Pe, Bugong Rd to Kangaroo Valley, xi. 1990, Edward. ACT: Pe, Canberra, Lake Burley Griffin, Black Mt. Peninsula, 35°16'S 149°07'E, 18.i.1992 (Rosewarne); 3♂, 3 Le/Pe/♀, Molonglo R., Coppins Crossing, 35°17'S 149°02'E, 7 xi 1987 (Cranston); 2 Pe, Pierce's Ck., 35°20'S 148°56'E, 23.ix.1991 (Drayson); ♀, 4 Pe, Cotter R., below dam, 35°21'S 148°56'E, 7.xi.1987 (Cranston); 2 Pe, Brindabellas, Blundell's Ck., 35°22'S 148°50'E, 13–16.v.1988 (Cranston),; 5 Pe, Tidbinbilla, Tidbinbilla Ck., 35°27'S 148°57'E, 19.ii.1989 (Cranston); ♂, ♀, 4Pe, Corin Rd, Gibraltar Falls, 35°28'S 148°55'E, 28.ix.1990 (Drayson); ♂, Pe, Namadgi NP, Orroral R., 35°39'S 148°59'E, 21.ii.1988 (Cranston). Vic: ♀, Pe, House Ck. up-stream, 36°10'S, 146°52'E 19.xii,1989 (Cook); Pe, L, 6 Le/Pe/♂ ♀, 8 Le/Pe/♀, Pe, Wodonga, Middle Ck., downstream White's Rd, 36°09'S 146°57'E, 20.iii.1990 (Cook); ♂,, 2 Le/Pe/♂,, 3 Pe, Le/Pe, Wodonga, Middle Ck., Street's Rd, 36°11'S 146°56'E 26.ii.1990 (Cook); Pe, Wodonga, Middle Ck., Beechworth Rd, 36°15'S, 146°50'E 26.ii.1990 (Cook); ♀, Pe, Le/Pe, Mitta Mitta, Snowy Ck., 36°33'S 147°23'E, 29.i.1988 (Cranston); ♂, 11 Pe, Le/Pe, Buckland R., 36°48'S 146°51'E, 6.xi.1990 (Cranston, Cook & Nielsen); ♂, 2 Pe, Cann R., 37°34S 149°09E, 20.i.1989 (Cranston).

Tas: 3 Pe, Lake St.Clair NP, Ranger Hut, Douglas Ck., 41°50'S 146°02'E, 25.i.1990 (Cranston); Pe, Franklin R., Lyall highway crossing, 42°12'S 146°02'E, 17.i.1990 (Cranston).

SA: ♂ Eric Bonython Reserve, 8.iv.1970 (Hergstrom). WA: 6 Pe, Stirling Range, Bluff Knoll, 34°22'S 118°14'E, 20.xi.1990 (Cranston).

Molecular material. Qld: L, Dimbula, Kauri Ck., 17°06'S 145°35'E, 30.viii.2012 (Cranston) (Mv- FNQ12.2.7); L, Paluma NP, Birthday Ck., 18˚58'S 146˚09'E, 24.ix. 2008, 760 m asl (Krosch) (Mv-PAh1); L, Bellthorpe NP, Stony Ck., 26˚53'S 152˚44'E, 5.xi. 2013, 191 m asl (Krosch) (Mv-Stny1.1); L, Mt Barney NP, Seidenspinner Rd, Mt Barney Ck., 28°14'S 152°44'E, 21.iii. 2013, 176 m asl (Krosch) (Mv-MtBy12). NSW: ♀, Capertee Valley, Glen Davis Rd, Coco Ck., 33°08'S 150°6'E, 20.ii.2013 (Cranston) (Mv-NSW13-5.6); Pe, Newnes, Little Capertee Ck., 33°10'S 150°14'E, 19.ii.2013 (Cranston) (Mv-NSW13-4.1); Pe, Tarago Rd., Tarlo Ck., 34°28'S 150°00'E, 7.ii.2013 (Cranston) (Mv-NSW13.1.2); L, Belmore Falls, Barrengarry R., 34°38'S 150°33'E, 3.iii.2011 (Cranston) (Mv-NSWBel1); 3L, Windellama, Windellama Ck., 35°00'S 149°53'E, 16.v.2013 (Cranston) (Mv-NSWWin1-3); ♂, 5L, Monga SF, Mongarlowe R., 35˚23'S 149˚55'E, 30.iv.2012 (Cranston) (Mv- Mong12-2,4-8); P, P♀, Currowan SF, Cabbage Tree Ck., 35°34'S 150°02'E, 31.xii–2.i.2009, (Cranston) (Mv- CTC 09-1,3); 2L, P, Brown Mt., Rutherford Ck., 36°36'S 149°47'E, 27.xi.2010 (Cranston) (Mv-Bmt10-1, NSWBMt6, 7); 2L, Pe, ♂, Brindabella, Goodradigbee R., 35°23'S 148°44'E, 27.vi.2012 (Cranston) (Mv- NSWGd1, 3, 4, 10); Kosciuszko NP, trib. Bogong Ck., 36°21'S 148°12'E, 4.xii.2010 (Cranston) (Mv-NSWKos8). ACT: Uriarra Ck. , 35°14'S 148°57'E, 13.vi.2012 (Cranston) (Mv-UCk13-6); L, Condor Ck., 35°22'S 148°51'E, 14.vi.2012 (Cranston) (Mv-ACTCon 5). Vic: 4L, P, ♂, Grampians, Zumsteins, McKenzie R., 37°06'S 142°24'E, 7–8.i.2011 (Cranston) (Mv-VicGr18, 19, 21, 23–25); L, Sunbury Rd, Jackson’s Ck., 37°35'S 144°44'E, 3.xi.2006 (Carew) (Mv-Jack2); L, Campbellfield, Mahoney’s Rd, Merri Ck., 37°41'S 144°58'E, 17.xi.2006 (Carew) (Mv- MMC2); L, Campbellfield, Barry Rd, Merri Ck., 37°40'S 144°58'E, 17.xi.2006 (Carew) (Mv-MBR3); L, Brooklyn, Princes Hwy, Kororoit Ck., 37°49'S 144°49'E, 10.xi.2006 (Carew) (Mv-KPH8); L, Stony Diversion Drain, Sunshine West, Kororoit Ck., 37°47'S 144°49'E, 9.xi.2006 (Carew) (Mv-KSD3). Tas: L, Lake Saint Clair NP, Hugel R., 42°06'S 146°09'E, 1.xii. 2013, 770 m asl (Krosch) (Mv-TAS13.6.5). SA: P, L, Southern Mt Lofty Ranges, Cox Creek, Uraidla, 34°58'S 138°44'E, 1.vii. 2013, 450m (Madden) (Mv-CoxP1, Cox2); 2♀, L, below Hindmarsh Falls, Hindmarsh R., 35°26'S 138°58'E, 3.x. 2013, 220 m asl, (Krosch & Cranston)(Mv-SAHF5.1, 2, HF1); P♂, P♀, L, Sawpit Rd., Hindmarsh R., 35°28'S 138°35'E, 3.x.2013, 70 m asl (Krosch & Cranston) (Mv-HRP1, SAW2, HR1); L, Deep Creek Conservation Park, Tapanappa Rd, 35°36'S 138°14'E, 3.x. 2013, 260 m asl (Krosch) (Mv- DC2); L, Minno Ck. Junction, Sturt R., 35°02'S 138°37'E, 1.vii. 2013, 200 m asl (Madden) (Mv-StR2); L, Southern Mt Lofty Ranges, Waterfall Gully, First Ck., 34°58'S 138°40'E, 1.vii. 2013, 250 m asl (Madden) (Mv-Fst1).

Description. MALE ( Fig.1 View FIGURE 1 G). 2.8–3.7 mm.

Head. Ant 856–1000 µm: Fl 1–12, 336–440 µm; Fl 13, 464–592 µm. AR 1.13–1.56. Palp 352–432 µm. 1 Fr, 9 Po. Clyp sparsely setose.

Thorax. Uniform mid-brown. Lapn 0–4, Ac 11–21, Dc 15–31, Pa 2–4, Scts 5–12.

Wing. 1.7–2.1 mm. Sq 8–15, R 4–5.

Legs. Tibiae of all legs mid-brown with pale ring on proximal third. All femora and tarsi mid-brown.

Abdomen. Uniform mid-brown.

Hypopygium ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 G). Gcx 190–220 µm, iv with posteriorly projecting rounded lobe. Gst 74–90 µm, about 2/ 5 (0.36–0.45) Gcx, narrow apically; crista dorsalis strongly developed but without setae and often extremely hyaline.

FEMALE. As male except: 3.4–3.8 mm.

Head. Ant 325–365 µm. Palp 472–544 µm.

Wing. 2.2–2.5 mm. Sq 9–11, R + R 1 7–14, R4+ 5 6–15.

Genitalia. Spermathecae comprising mid-brown, spheroid capsules with narrow "neck" and recurved ducts ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 H).

PUPA. 3.5–4.6 mm, pale brown to almost hyaline.

Cephalothorax. Slightly rugose dorsally. Th 140–230 µm; hyaline, cylindrical, tapered to distal point, covered with sparse pointed scales, especially distally ( Figs 6 View FIGURE 6 G, 7H). 0 Fs.

Abdomen ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 B). PSB on II only. Hook row on TII about 1/3 width of segment (0.0.31–0.38). Ls on VIII long, Ls4 about 1/4 width of segment (0.18–0.33). Ms <1/15 length of abdomen (0.05–0.062).

4TH INSTAR LARVA ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 D). 3.5–5.4 mm. H.l. 460–550 µm, pale to mid-brown with mid-to dark brown posterior rim; body blue-purple; procercus hyaline.

Head. Ant 90–106 µm, Fl 1, 50–68 µm, Fl 2–5, 30–34 µm; A.R. 1.36–2.00. Md with smooth outer margin and serrate inner; pale brown with distal 1/3 mid- to dark brown; length 142–170 µm, <2x length of ant (1.53–1.92). Mentum 100–140 µm, pale brown posteriorly, mid-brown anteriorly; 6 pairs laterals, 2nd slightly reduced.

Abdomen. Pc 20–29 µm, A.s. 500–600 µm.

Etymology. The name parbicinctus is likely a lapsus for intended parabicinctus (Hergstrom states in her description "Very similar to bicinctus ... "). We see no reason to emend Hergstrom’s name and we recognise her as the sole author, validated here.

Remarks. Adults of this species can be distinguished from all other Australian Cricotopus by the pale bands on the tibiae of all legs (this banding is easily visible to the naked eye). Pupae are recognised by absence of frontal setae, lacking PSB on segment III, 4 long l4 setae on VIII, and TII anterior to the narrow hook row bare. From the otherwise similar C. acornis it can be distinguished by the presence of a characteristic long, narrow, spinose thoracic horn. Larvae recognised only by a combination of the mandible with smooth outer and serrate inner margin and antenna length more than 90 µm.

Although this species appears to be " C. parbicinctus " of Hergstrom (1974), she describes "tergite I, anterior parts of n, III, IV and V yellow in most specimens" and describes the larva as having "about 5 serrations on inner surface and with wrinkled outer surface". Her proposed holotype, now in A.N.l.C., has anterior and posterior pale bands on TII–VI, but TI is dark. Two of her proposed paratypes have vittae on the thorax and in fact belong to C. hillmani (q.v.). The species differs from the Palaearctic species bicinctus in colour of the thorax and abdomen and shape of genitalia of males, absence of PSB on segment III of pupa, and lack of crenulation on outer margin of mandible of larva ( Hirvenoja 1973). A highly genetically divergent form is recognized from larvae and a single adult male from several locations throughout Queensland and New South Wales. This genetic form is reciprocally monophyletic to all other C. parbicinctus and branch lengths between the clades are substantial. Larvae of this divergent form may be separable from C. parbicinctus only by the extent of mandible pigment (extending to the external seta or beyond in the divergent form). More extensive sampling may reveal this taxon to be a true biological species; however, we consider it only as a form pending further work.

C. parbicinctus is a widespread species, but represented in Western Australia only by one location in the southern hills and one in Tasmania , and seemingly absent from Northern Territory. Within its range it inhabits pristine to slow to stagnant, macrophyte-dominated and nutrient enriched waters.