Dipcadi montanum (Dalzell) Baker 1870: 398

Rodrigues, Hensal Salvador, Dutta, Suchandra Ranjit & Chakral, Kiran Gangadhar, 2024, Resolving the taxonomic identities of some Dipcadi species from India, Phytotaxa 645 (1), pp. 1-17 : 11-12

2. Dipcadi montanum (Dalzell) Baker 1870: 398 ;

Hooker 1892: 346; Woodrow 1899: 524; Cooke 1907: 769; Bamber 1916: 441; Mooney 1950: 201; Deb & Dasgupta 1977: 56; Bhandari 1978: 318; Deb & Dasgupta 1981: 6; Sharma et al. 1984: 286; Pullaiah & Yesoda 1989: 237; Lakshminarasimhan 1996: 131; Naik 1998: 862; Yadav & Sardesai 2002: 498; Almeida 2009: 177; Nairne 2010: 348; Kumar et al. 2013: 120; Nayar et al. 2014: 1453; Swamy et al. 2017: 61; Lakshminarasimhan, 2019: 312; Pullaiah 2018: 1926; Mao et al. 2020: 195; Ravikumar et al. 2021: 286. ≡ Uropetalum montanum Dalzell 1850: 142 ; Dalzell & Gibson 1861: 250.

Basionym Type:— INDIA. Bombay: Sahyadri Mt. , Dalzell s.n. ( K!)

= Dipcadi montanum var. madrasicum (E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch.) Deb & Dasgupta 1977: 59 ; Saxsena & Brahmam 1995: 1963; Swamy & Ahmedullah 2016: 109. syn. nov. ≡ Dipcadi madrasicum Barnes & Fischer 1940: 1941 : 301; Mathew 1981: 360; Mathew 1983: 1642. Basionym

Type:— INDIA. Tamil Nadu: Chingleput, Tambaram , November 1937, E. Barnes 1801 (Lectotype: K!) ; ibid. January 1939, E. Barnes 2085 (Paratype: K!). Fig. 3E .

≡ Ornithogalum turbinatum var. madrasicum (E. Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch.) Manning & Goldblatt, 2004: 552 .

= Dipcadi krishnadevarayae B.R.P. Rao 2016: 9562 ; Pullaiah 2018: 1926. syn. nov.

Type:— INDIA. Andhra Pradesh: Anantapuramu, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Campus , 25 August 2012, B.R.P.Rao & M.Chennakesavulu Naik 47481 (holotype SKU!, Isotype CAL!) Fig. 3F .

Bulbs tunicate, ovate-ellipsoid, neck present 0.5–1.0 cm long, 1.0–4.5 × 1.0– 1.6 cm. propagating vegetatively by bulblets and splitting of the mother bulb. Roots fibrous fleshy, arise from the basal disc. Leaves 1 to 5, 15–50 × 0.3–1.2 cm, linear, channelled or not, glabrous dull green and basal undersoil portion white, apex involute, leaves shorter than inflorescence, 1 to 4 persistent in infructescence, c. 6 veined. Scape 1 (or 2), 25–45 × 0.2–0.4 cm long, glabrous, terete and green; raceme, 9.0– 85 cm long, lax. Pedicel 3.0–6.0 × 0.5–1.0 mm long. Bract 3–12 × 3–6 mm long, green coriaceous with scarious margins that clasp the pedicel, base about triangular, apex 1–6.0 mm acute, completely scarious in infructescence, 4 to 10 nerved. Flowers, 4 to 24 per scape, 14–16 mm long, tubular, white with olive green or brick red, sometimes pure green or green-yellow, foul smelling at night, scent absent during the day; perianth arranged in two rows of 3 each, outer perianth 1 mm longer than inner perianth; perianth tube, 3.0–7.0 × 2–3 mm; outer perianth lobes 5.0–8.0 × 2.0–4.0 mm, oblong, recurved 5–6.0 mm, white with olive green or brick red colour band, sometimes pure green or green-yellow, tip hooded and papillose, ca. 7 nerved; inner perianth lobes 3.0–7.0 × 2–2.5 mm, recurved ca. 2 mm, deltoid with apex acute-obtuse, white with olive green or brick red colour band, sometimes pure green or green-yellow, tip papillose, ca. 7 nerved, perianth tube equal to perianth lobes. Stamens 6, 5–6 mm long; filaments, 4.0–5.0 × ca. 0.5 mm narrowing towards the apex, white, adnate to perianth; anthers 1.2–3.0 × 0.5–1.2 mm, sagittate, not apiculate, dorsifixed, yellow, projecting out of tube 0.2–0.5 mm at anthesis, dehiscing longitudinally, filament twice as long as anther. Pistil 10–13 mm long; ovary tricarpellary, 4.0–5.0 × 1.5–2.5 mm trigonous-obovoid, green, stipitate, stipe 1–2 mm long, conspicuous septal nectary present in the ovary; style 4–6 × 0.7–1 mm glistening white, cylindrical with longitudinal striations, style as long as the ovary; stigma 0.2 mm thicker than the style, 1 mm in diameter, white, papillose hair, vaguely trigonous, each lobe is bilobed, the trilobed condition clearly observed when the pistil is young, 3 nectar droplets at the angle of the stigma lobes that projects out of tube at anthesis. Fruit loculicidal capsule, ca. 11 mm (with stipe) long, 9–12 × 8–10 mm, width as long as length, dehiscing longitudinally, pericarp thick, green when young and thin, light yellowish-green-brown at maturity, bracts persistent. Seeds, 3–5 × 2–5 mm, superposed, orbicular-ellipsoid, compressed with slightly raised margin; shiny black, 5 to 10 per locule.

Distribution:— INDIA. Maharashtra: Kolhapur, Ajra, Aurangabad ( Naik 1998), Gulbarga ( Seetharam et al. 2000). Karnataka: Belgaum (Nairne 1976, Lakshminarasimhan & Prasad, 2019); Badami plateau, Bagalkot ( Dalvi et al. 2019; Ravikumar et al. 2021); Chikkamagaluru, Kalaburagi, Yadgiri ( Ravikumar et al. 2021). Andhra Pradesh:Anantapuramu district, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Campus; Garladinne.

Habitat:—lateritic gravely soils in open places among grass; Rare, on plateau in mud ( Naik, 1998); grassy slopes (Lakshminarasimhan. & Prasad, 2019)

Phenology:—July end–September beginning (occasionally in October and May)

Specimens examined:— INDIA. Maharashtra: Bombay, Sahyadri Mt. , Dalzell ( K!) ; Kolhapur District, Halkarni , 29 July 1998, S. R. Yadav 5870 ( SUK!) ; ibid., 4 July 2003, S. P. Gaikwad SPG374 ( SUK!) ; ibid., 25 July 2002, S. P. Gaikwad 208 ( SUK!) ; ibid., 25 July 2002 S. P. Gaikwad 208 ( SUK!) ; Ajara, Ramthirth mandir, July 2003, SPG376 ( SUK!) ; ibid., 14 August 2021, H. Rodrigues & Chakral HSK222414 ( RDNCP!) ; ibid., 14 August 2021, H. Rodrigues & Chakral HSK222413 ( RDNCP!) ; Karthikswami, August 1990, H. S. Patil 2664, ( SUK!). Karnataka: Belgaum district , 27 July 1953, Chennaveeraiah 15755 ( BLAT!) ; ibid., 18 July 1990, W. A. Talbot , 2277 2277x ( BSI!) ; ibid., 10 August 1991, Talbot 3763 ( BSI!) ; ibid., 28 July 2008, Chandore ANC336 ( SUK!) ; Bagalkot, Badami plateau, 23 July 2022, H.Rodrigues & Chakral HSK222433 ( RDNCP!). Andhra Pradesh: Anantapuramu, Sri Krishnadevaraya University Campus, 15 July 2023, H.Rodrigues & Chakral HSK222434 ( RDNCP!). Tamil Nadu: Chingleput , Tambaram Novmber 1937, E.Barnes 1801 ( K!) ; ibid., Jan 1939, E.Barnes 2085 ( K!) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Comparison between selected characters of D. montanum var. montanum, D. montanum var. madrasicum and D. krishnadevarayae. Habit (A) in D. montanum var. montanum (B) in D. montanum var. madrasicum and (C) in D. krishnadevarayae. Type specimen (D) of D. montanum var. montanum© K! (E) of D. montanum var. madrasicum © K! and (F) of D. krishnadevarayae ©SKU!. Inflorescence view of (G) D. montanum var. montanum (H) D. montanum var. madrasicum and (I) D. krishnadevarayae. Flower sideview (J) D. montanum var. montanum (K) D. montanum var. madrasicum and (L) D. krishnadevarayae. Bract of (M) D. montanum var. montanum (N) D. montanum var. madrasicum and (O) D. krishnadevarayae. Pistil of (P) D. montanum var. montanum (Q) D. montanum var. madrasicum and (R) D. krishnadevarayae. Capsule of (S) D. montanum var. montanum (T) D. montanum var. madrasicum and (U) D. krishnadevarayae. (D. montanum var. madrasicum images © Aazhivaendhan et al. 2022). Photos by H.Rodrigues.