Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang

Kolesik, Peter & Gagné, Raymond J., 2020, A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera, Zootaxa 4847 (1), pp. 1-82 : 59-60

Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang

[ Figs 34 a–j]

Procontarinia robusta Li, Bu & Zhang, 2003: 148 ; Cai et al. 2014, as junior synonym of P. matteiana but unsubstantiated.

Material. Type male, 16 paratype males and 23 paratype females were reared from bell-shaped leaf galls on Mangifera indica L. in Xiamen , Fujian Province, China, 12- 16-ix-2001 (deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China). Cai et al. (2013) mounted specimens (deposited in the South Australian Museum, Adelaide) reared at the type locality 1.vii.2010 (6 larvae, 6 pupae, 6 males, 4 females) and in Oecusse district, East Timor 27.x.2004. We examined specimens by Cai et al. (2013). The presence of P. robusta in Indonesia is based on gall records by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 802) and by observation of one of us ( PK).

Description (based on Li et al. (2003) and Cai et al. (2013)). Adult. Wing: length 1.4–1.5 in male, 1.7–1.9 in female, R 5 straight, joining C at wing apex, R S fading towards R 1, slightly closer to arculus than end of R 1, M 4 and Cu 1 forming fork, wing fold visible [ Fig. 34c ]. Head: occipital protuberance present, short; palpus mostly 3-, sometimes 4-segmented; antennae with 12 flagellomeres. Tarsal claws toothed, curved at basal third, about as long as empodia [ Fig. 34g ].

Male. Flagellomeres binodal, first and second not fused, internode very short, setose, neck shorter than nodes, asetose; each node with whorl of looped circumfila, equal in length, proximal loops reaching midlength of distal node, distal loops reaching end of neck [ Fig. 34e ]. Terminalia [ Figs 34i, j ]: gonocoxite robust, without mesobasal lobe; gonostylus evenly tapered from wide base to very narrow apex, tooth small; cerci nearly fused mesally; hypoproct longer than cerci, shallowly incised, lobes with 2–3 distal setae; aedeagus long, wide, slightly tapered, a small notch apically, with several asetose papillae along length.

Female. Antennal flagellomeres with cylindrical nodes, necks 1/5 node length, circumfila of two vertical and two horizontal, slightly arched bands [ Fig. 34f ]. Terminalia short; cerci stout, short, fused, crescent-shaped in dorsal view; hypoproct rounded in ventral view, with pair of setae [ Fig. 34h ].

Pupa. Length 1.4–1.8 mm. Antennal horns large, triangular, serrated along outer edge; prothoracic spiracle short, as long as wide, papillae on vertex without setae.

Larva. Yellowish white. Head capsule conical ventrally, hemispherical dorsally, posterolateral apodemes as long as head capsule. Sternal spatula long, narrow, anterior part slightly wider than shaft, trilobed, central lobe substantially larger than side lobes [ Fig. 34d ]. Terminal segment with anus terminal, no papillae visible.

Remarks. See morphological comparison under P. matteiana .

DNA. Three COI sequences are available from the type locality in Xiamen , China (GenBank accession JX110976 –8) and one from Oecusee, East Timor ( JX 110979 ) ( Cai et al. 2013) .

Biology. This species causes a conical leaf gall on Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) , described by DvLR & DvL (1926, gall No. 802, Fig. 578 [ Fig. 34a ]), Li et al. (2003) and Cai et al. (2013). The gall is cylindrical to obtusely conical, glabrous, reddish brown, 1 mm in diameter at the base and 1–2 mm in height. It occurs on the leaf upper side with the necrotic leaf epidermis creating a brown wreath around the gall base. Following pupation, the gall is left with a circular hole at its top, sometimes with the pupal skin still attached to the rim of the hole. See detailed biology in Li et al. (2003) and Cai et al. (2013).

Geographical distribution. This species occurs in China, India, Indonesia and East Timor ( Cai et al. 2013). In Indonesia the galls have been found in Java, Sumatra, Sebesi Island and Bali but the species is likely to occur through the whole Indonesian archipelago. Java: Salatiga, iii-1909 ; Semarang , viii-1912 ; Jakarta, v-1917 ; Cikampek , vi.1924 ; Mt Raté, Way Lima , Lampung; Sumatra, xi.1921 ; Sebesi Island , i.1922; (all by DvLR & DvL 1926) ; Ubud , Bali, 10-vi-2013 ( Peter Kolesik , new record, [ Fig. 34b ]) .

Figures

FIGURES 34a–j. Procontarinia robusta: a–b, galls on Mangifera indica: a, Java (Fig. 578 of DvLR & DvL (1926)); b, Bali, Indonesia, 2013; c, wing; d, larval spatula; e, male 3rd flagellomere; f, female 3rd flagellomere; g, male last tarsomere; h, female terminalia (ventral); i, male terminalia (cerci omitted; dorsal); j, male cerci and hypoproct (dorsal). Figs c, e–j from Li et al. (2003), d from Cai et al. (2013).