Orchestina Simon, 1882

Song, Chenxue, Tong, Yanfeng, Bian, Dongju & Li, Shuqiang, 2024, A survey of the genus Orchestina Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Xishuangbanna, China, with descriptions of five new species, Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (1), pp. 255-277 : 255

Genus Orchestina Simon, 1882

Type species.

Schoenobates pavesii Simon, 1873; gender feminine.

N.B.: considered a senior synonym of Ferchestina Saaristo & Marusik, 2004: 52 (type F. storozhenkoi Saaristo & Marusik, 2004) by Platnick et al. 2012: 37.

Key to Orchestina from Xishuangbanna

O. concava , O. menglun , O. subclavulata and O. wengnan females unknown.

1	Male	2
-	Female	9
2	Bulb oval or roughly triangle shaped, embolus base thinner (Figs 7E, F , 12A, B )	3
-	Bulb pear-shaped in lateral view, with ventral side strongly protruding proximally, embolus base thicker (e.g., Fig. 1A-C )	4
3	Bulb oval shaped (Fig. 12A, B ); chelicerae with distal group of long converging setae (Fig. 10F ); tibia I with a group of ventrobasal spines (Fig. 10D )	O. truncatula Tong & Li, 2011
-	Bulb triangle shaped (Fig. 7E, F ); chelicerae with distal single long setae (Fig. 2D, F ); tibia I without the aforementioned character	O. colubrina Liu, Henrard & Xu, 2019
4	Palpal tibia distinctly narrower than bulb (Fig. 7A, B )	O. menglun sp. nov.
-	Palpal tibia strongly enlarged, at least as wide as bulb (e.g., Fig. 1A-C )	5
5	Sperm duct with 2 loops in prolateral view (Figs 5A , 14A )	6
-	Sperm duct with 3 loops in prolateral view (Figs 1A , 9A , 16A )	7
6	Endites with deep excavations (Figs 4G , 5D )	O. concava sp. nov.
-	Endites without deep excavations (Figs 13G , 14D )	O. wengnan sp. nov.
7	Embolus with conspicuous dorsal flattened extension and acute tip (Fig. 16A-C )	O. xui sp. nov.
-	Embolus gradually tapered (Figs 1A-D , 9A-C )	8
8	Endites with large triangular outgrowth (Fig. 9D )	O. subclavulata sp. nov.
-	Endites lacking triangular outgrowth (Fig. 1E )	O. clavulata Tong & Li, 2011
9	Genitalia with posterior plate (PP); anterior uterine sclerite (AUS) with lateral protrusion (Pr) well developed (Fig. 18D )	10
-	Genitalia with two dorsolateral extensions (Ex) surrounding anterior uterine sclerite (AUS); AUS with lateral protrusion (Pr) reduced (Figs 3I , 12F )	11
10	Epigaster with two small, dark sclerotized pockets (Fig. 18C )	O. xui sp. nov.
-	Epigaster without two small, dark sclerotized pockets ( Tong and Li 2011: fig. 4B)	O. clavulata Tong & Li, 2011
11	Epigaster with distinctly medial marks in ventral view (Fig. 11G ); anterior uterine sclerite (AUS) short, length/width ratio about 1.25 (Fig. 12F )	O. truncatula Tong & Li, 2011
-	Epigaster without distinctly medial marks in ventral view (Fig. 3G ); anterior uterine sclerite (AUS) long, length/width ratio about 2.0 (Fig. 3H, I )	O. colubrina Liu, Henrard & Xu, 2019

Figures

Figure 1. Orchestina clavulata Tong & Li, 2011, male (SYNU- 777). A, C, D. Left palp, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views; B. Left bulb, prolateral view; E. Endites and labium, ventral view. Abbreviation: Se = serrula. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 2. Orchestina colubrina Liu, Henrard & Xu, 2019, male (SYNU- 841). A, B. Habitus, dorsal and ventral views; C-F. Prosoma, dorsal, lateral, ventral and anterior views (arrows show the single distal seta). Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-F).

Figure 3. Orchestina colubrina Liu, Henrard & Xu, 2019, female (SYNU- 846). A, B. Habitus, dorsal and lateral views; C-F. Prosoma, dorsal, lateral, ventral and anterior views; G. Epigaster, ventral view; H-I. Endogyne, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: AUS = anterior uterine sclerite; Ex = dorsolateral extension; Pr = protrusion. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A, B); 0.2 mm (C-G); 0.1 mm (H, I).

Figure 4. Orchestina concava sp. nov., holotype male. A-C. Habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views; D-G. Prosoma, dorsal, lateral, anterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-C); 0.2 mm (D-G).

Figure 5. Orchestina concava sp. nov., holotype male. A-C. Left palp, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views; D. Endites and labium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Exc = excavations; Se = serrula; TO = triangular outgrowth. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 7. Orchestina menglun sp. nov., A-D, holotype male; Orchestina colubrina Liu, Henrard & Xu, 2019, E, F, male (SYNU- 841). A, E. Left palp, prolateral view; B, F. Left palp, retrolateral view; C. Left palp, dorsal view; D. Endites and labium, ventral view. Abbreviation: Se = serrula. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 9. Orchestina subclavulata sp. nov., holotype male. A-C. Left palp, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views, white arrow shows the overlapped sperm duct, red arrow pointing on subapical crest of embolus; D. Endites and labium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Se = serrula; TO = triangular outgrowth. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 10. Orchestina truncatula Tong & Li, 2011, male (SYNU- 773). A-C. Habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views; D. Left leg I, prolateral view; E-H. Prosoma, dorsal, lateral, anterior and ventral views, arrow shows the characteristic distal setae. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-C); 0.1 mm (D); 0.2 mm (E-H).

Figure 11. Orchestina truncatula Tong & Li, 2011, female (SYNU- 783). A, B. Habitus, dorsal and lateral views; C-F. Prosoma, anterior, dorsal, lateral and ventral views; G. Epigaster, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G).

Figure 12. Orchestina truncatula Tong & Li, 2011, male (SYNU- 773), female (SYNU- 783). A-C. Left palp, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views; D. Endites and labium, ventral view; E, F. Endogyne, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: AUS = anterior uterine sclerite; Ex = dorsolateral extension; Pr = protrusion. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 13. Orchestina wengnan sp. nov., holotype male. A-C. Habitus, dorsal, ventral and lateral views; D-G. Prosoma, dorsal, lateral, anterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (A-C); 0.2 mm (D-G).

Figure 14. Orchestina wengnan sp. nov., holotype male. A-C. Left palp, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views; D. Endites and labium, ventral view. Abbreviation: Se = serrula. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 16. Orchestina xui sp. nov., holotype male. A, B, D. Left palp, prolateral, retrolateral and dorsal views; C. Distal part of bulb, prolateral view; E. Endites and labium, ventral view. Abbreviations: Se = serrula; TO = triangular outgrowth. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 18. Orchestina xui sp. nov., paratype female. A. Prosoma, anterior view; B. Epigaster, ventral view; C, D. Endogyne, ventral and dorsal views. Abbreviations: ARe = anterior receptaculum; AUS = anterior uterine sclerite; Po = pocket; PP = posterior plate; Pr = protrusion. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B-D).