Simulium (Chirostilbia) distinctum Lutz

Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna & Maia-Herzog, Marilza, 2008, Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico, Zootaxa 1834, pp. 1-100 : 17-19

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.34631/sporl.419
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2708A02-FFBE-FFF6-FF78-552DFD88F990
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Simulium (Chirostilbia) distinctum Lutz
status

Treatment

Simulium (Chirostilbia) distinctum Lutz View in CoL

( Figs. 3 View PLATE 1 , 18 View PLATE 2 , 39, 40 View PLATE 3 , 79–81 View PLATE 6 , 108 View PLATE 8 , 123 View PLATE 10 , 139 View PLATE 11 , 156, 157 View PLATE 12 , 182 View PLATE 14 , 196 View PLATE 15 , 208 View PLATE 16 , 221 View PLATE 17 , 234 View PLATE 19 , 247, 248 View PLATE 21 )

This is a poorly known zoophilic species from south-eastern Brazil.

Simulium distinctum Lutz, 1910: 241 View in CoL . LECTOTYPE ♀, BRAZIL: São Paulo State, Serra da Bocaina; i.1912, [Without collector’s name.] (IOC, no.12.508). [Examined.] [Synonymised with Simulium pertinax View in CoL by Lane & Porto, 1939: 170; revalidated by D’Andretta and D’Andretta, 1950: 168.] New type designation.

Simulium prumirimense Coscarón, 1981: 160 View in CoL . HOLOTYPE pharate ♀ and associated pupal pelt, BRAZIL: São Paulo State, R. Prumirim; 29.vi.1979, (Coscarón) (MLP) [Examined.] [Synonymy by Shelley et al., 1984: 145.]

Female. General body colour dark orange-brown. Body length (specimens pinned) 2.4–3.0 mm (mean= 2.7 mm, s.d.=0.21, n=4), wing length 2.6–2.9 mm (mean= 2.7 mm, s.d.=0.12, n=4), wing width 1.1–1.4 mm (mean= 1.2 mm, s.d.=0.14, n=4).

Head— dichoptic with dark red eyes and nudiocular area developed ( Fig. 3 View PLATE 1 ). Frons, clypeus and occiput dark brown to black, with silvery grey pruinosity; clypeus and frons covered with dark, erect setae. Mouthparts dark brown. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown, remaining segments dark brown. Cibarium without teeth and undeveloped sclerotised cornuae ( Fig. 18 View PLATE 2 ).

Thorax— scutum dark brown with evenly arranged recumbent golden setae; posterior margin with long recumbent golden setae. Scutal pattern varying with illumination. With anterior illumination, thorax dark brown with greyish pruinosity and an indistinct median and 1+1 submedian wide dark brown vittae extending from anterior third of scutum to near posterior margin. Humeri, lateral and posterior margins brown with faint grey pruinosity ( Fig. 39 View PLATE 3 ). With posterior illumination, thorax dark brown with diffuse, grey pruinosity on anterior margin and no obvious pattern ( Fig. 40 View PLATE 3 ). Scutellum dark brown with recumbent golden setae interspersed with long black bristles. Postnotum dark brown with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown to black with silver pruinosity. Costa of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta with line of setae up to apical third or along entire length of vein. Radius with line of setae intermixed with spines; basal section of Radius with setae. Basal tuft of long dark setae. Leg coloration and proportions as in Figs. 79–81 View PLATE 6 . Fore leg with coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia yellowish brown, ventral margin of tibia silver pruinose [appearing white in slide mounted specimens]; apical articulation of tibia and tarsal segments dark brown. Mid leg yellowish, except apical articulation of tibia, apical third of tarsal segments I and II, and tarsal segments III–IV brown; dorsal margin of tibia and base of tarsal segment I whitish. Hind leg yellowish with apical half of tibia, basitarsus and tarsal segments II, III and IV dark brown. Claws curved with distinct basal tooth. Halteres cream with brown bases.

Abdomen— tergites I–IV dark brown, V–IX shiny black; tergites I and II sometimes mottled, pale brown with silver pruinosity on anterolateral margins. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Sternites greyish black; genitalia black. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotised with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; gonapophyses nearly same length as eighth sternite at mid point, subtriangular, membranous with sclerotised inner margin and apical third of posterior margin, few setae basally ( Fig. 108 View PLATE 8 ). Cercus hemispherical, covered with long brown setae; paraproct subtriangular, ventral extension subtriangular, twice length of cercus, with long setae, narrow apically and sclerotised, and distinct basal prominence on posterior margin ( Fig.123 View PLATE 10 ). Genital fork stout, sclerotised; termination of lateral arms with anterior margin weakly straight; anterior processes developed and posterior processes poorly developed ( Fig. 139 View PLATE 11 ). Spermatheca globular, without external sculpturing and with internal spicules in groups of three or four; area of insertion of spermathecal duct membranous.

Male. General body colour dark reddish-brown. Body length (specimens pinned) 2.4–.3.0 mm (mean= 2.7 mm, s.d.=0.22, n= 3), wing length 2.4–2.8 mm (mean= 2.6 mm, s.d.=0.17, n=3), wing width 1.3–1.4 mm (mean= 1.3 mm, s.d.=0.02, n=3).

Head— holoptic with dark red eyes. Remainder of head coloration as in female.

Thorax— scutum reddish-brown with faint grey pruinosity, covered with golden, recumbent hairs interspersed with recumbent, black setae. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with light source anterior thorax reddish-brown with 1+1 sublateral, subtriangular whitish grey pruinose areas in anterior third of scutum ( Fig. 156 View PLATE 12 ). With light source posterior to specimen scutum reddish brown with no pruinose areas ( Fig. 157 View PLATE 12 ). Humeri brown and weakly pruinose; lateral and posterior margins of scutum dark brown. Scutellum dark brown with recumbent golden hairs interspersed with long erect black hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum brown with silvery grey pruinosity. Wing setation as in female, except subcosta with 4–7 setae on distal half. Leg coloration as in female.

Abdomen— tergite I mottled brown with silver pruinosity on anterior margin; tergites II–VIII black with silver pruinosity on anterolateral margins of tergites V and VI; basal fringe with long, brown hairs. Genitalia black; tergal plates developed, sternal plates undeveloped. Gonocoxite square; gonostyle trapezoidal with dorsally curved apex terminating in small spinule, half length of gonocoxite; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long setae ( Fig. 182 View PLATE 14 ). Ventral plate subtriangular, rounded apically, sclerotised, covered by setae; basal arms poorly developed ( Fig. 196 View PLATE 15 ). Median sclerite small, pear-shaped with distinct apical incision reaching to middle of sclerite ( Fig. 208 View PLATE 16 ). Paramere with developed and sclerotised basal process and several apical teeth ( Fig. 221 View PLATE 17 ).

Pupa. Cocoon length dorsally 3.0– 4.3 mm (mean= 3.8 mm, s.d=0.52, n=5), ventrally 3.8–5.3 mm (mean= 4.5 mm, s.d.=0.49, n=6); pupa length 3.1–4.2 mm (mean= 3.6 mm; s.d.=0.42, n=8); gill length 1.1–1.7 mm (mean= 1.3 mm, s.d.=0.26, n=4).

Cocoon— shoe-shaped as in Fig. 234 View PLATE 19 , dark brown composed of thick, coalesced fibres posteriorly and distinct, oval fenestrations anteriorly, with reinforced rim to anterior aperture and margin of aperture elevated.

Gill— brown with 10 forwardly-directed arranged in vertical plane. Gill with short main trunk giving rise to three sets of primary branches; dorsal and median with four secondary branches each and ventral with two secondary branches, all bifurcating at different heights in basal fifth of gill length [one specimen with an extra, poorly developed filament on ventral branch was also examined] ( Figs. 247, 248 View PLATE 21 ). stout basally and becoming narrower, and rounded distally, with small spicules on surface, edges crenate; all approximately same length.

Head— frontoclypeus with 2+2 simple or bifid frontal [difficult to see] and 1+1 simple or bifid facial trichomes; frontoclypeus with distinct group of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorso-laterally and 2–3 platelets in one group laterally in frontal region, respectively; tubercles rounded, densely distributed over entire frontal and facial region.

Thorax— with up to five long bifid to trifid trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft and up to three long, simple trichomes near ventral margin of thorax; tubercles mostly rounded, densely distributed over entire surface [some being pointed near dorsal cleft].

Abdomen— tergite I with 3+3 submedian and 2+2 sublateral small simple trichomes, and 1+1 sublateral long simple or bifid trichomes; tergite II with 4+4 submedian spiniform setae in longitudinal row, 2+2 small simple trichomes anterior to the most external spiniform setae and 1+1 simple trichome on lateral margins; tergites III and IV with 4+4 submedian simple hooks in longitudinal row, 1+1 small simple trichomes anterior to most lateral hooks; tergite V with 1+1 submedian and 3+3 sublateral small trichomes in longitudinal row; tergite VI with 1+1 sublateral small trichomes on posterior margin; tergite VII with 2+2 sublateral small simple trichomes; tergite VIII with simple setae on median region; tergite IX without spines, weakly sclerotised. Spine combs on anterior margin of tergites VI–IX. Abdominal sternites IV–VI with 2+2 well separated bifid hooks. All abdominal sternites with spine combs on anterior margins.

Larva. A description of the larval stage is given in Coscarón (1991), and Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias (2007) and Py-Daniel et al. (1988).