Simulium (Chirostilbia) empascae Py-Daniel & Moreira

Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna & Maia-Herzog, Marilza, 2008, Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico, Zootaxa 1834, pp. 1-100 : 22-23

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.34631/sporl.419
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2708A02-FFBB-FFF2-FF78-53E9FE55F953
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Simulium (Chirostilbia) empascae Py-Daniel & Moreira
status

Treatment

Simulium (Chirostilbia) empascae Py-Daniel & Moreira View in CoL

( Figs. 4 View PLATE 1 , 19 View PLATE 2 , 41, 42 View PLATE 3 , 109 View PLATE 8 , 125 View PLATE 10 , 140 View PLATE 11 , 158, 159 View PLATE 12 , 183 View PLATE 14 , 197 View PLATE 15 , 209 View PLATE 16 , 222 View PLATE 17 , 249 View PLATE 21 )

This is an uncommon species only found in Brazil. The description provided is based on the examination of topotype specimens and specimens collected in São Paulo State.

Simulium empascae Py-Daniel & Moreira, 1988: 78 View in CoL [see also Py-Daniel, Souza & Caldas, 1988: 47 for first publication of the name S. empascae View in CoL ]. HOLOTYPE pharate ♀ and pupal exuviae BRAZIL: Santa Catarina State, Joinville, Serra da Dona Francisca, Rodovia SC-21, córrego sem nome, afluente do Rio Seco; [Without date or collector’s name, but presumably collected by Py-Daniel & Moreira.] (INPA, No. 157–8) [Examined.]

Female. General body colour dark brown to black. [No specimens were available to provide measurements nor were given in the original description.]

Head— dichoptic with dark red eyes and nudiocular area present ( Fig. 4 View PLATE 1 ). Frons, clypeus and occiput dark brownish black, with silvery grey pruinosity; clypeus and frons covered with dark erect setae. Mouthparts black. Antennae with scape and pedicel brown, remaining segments dark brown. Cibarium without teeth and well-developed, sclerotised cornuae ( Fig. 19 View PLATE 2 ).

Thorax— scutum black, covered by evenly arranged recumbent golden setae interspersed with black hairs. Scutum black with no obvious pattern, but diffuse areas of greyish pruinosity on anterior and anterolateral margins; humeri pale yellow; lateral and posterior margins black ( Figs. 41 View PLATE 3 ). With posterior illumination, thorax black weakly pruinose on anterior margin; humeri and lateral margin weakly pruinose; posterior margin black ( Fig. 42 View PLATE 3 ). Scutellum dark brown with recumbent golden setae interspersed with long black bristles. Postnotum dark brown with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown to black with silver pruinosity. Costa of wing with sparse distribution of spines and setae. Subcosta with line of setae nearly to apical third. Radius with line of setae intermixed with spines; basal section of Radius with hairs. Basal tuft of long, dark setae. Leg coloration and proportions not figured due to lack of material [the description here provided is a translation of the original description in Portuguese by Py-Daniel & Moreira, 1988]: fore leg with coxa, trochanter, femur and basal third of tibia yellow; apical articulation of femur, apical two thirds of tibia and tarsal segments I-IV dark brown. Mid leg missing in the few specimens examined. Hind leg pale yellow except distal articulations of femur and tibia dark brown; tarsal segments missing. Femora and tibiae with lanceolate scales. Claws curved with distinct basal tooth. Halteres cream with brown bases.

Abdomen— tergites shiny dark brown, tergite II with small, central area silver pruinose. Tergal plates developed. Sternites dirty white; genitalia dark brown to black. Eighth sternite weakly sclerotised with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; gonapophyses subtriangular nearly same length as eighth sternite at mid point, protruding posteriorly, membranous with distal half strongly sclerotised; setae at base dark and obvious ( Fig. 109 View PLATE 8 ). Cercus hemispherical, covered with long, brown setae; paraproct subrectangular, ventral extension subtriangular, highly sclerotised with rounded unsclerotised apex and slight basal prominence on posterior margin at junction with cercus; paraproct covered with prominent brown setae centrally and highly setose apically ( Fig. 125 View PLATE 10 ). Genital fork stout, sclerotised and expanded apically; termination of lateral arms with anterior margin almost straight; anterior and posterior processes poorly developed ( Fig. 140 View PLATE 11 ). Spermatheca globular, without external sculpturing and with internal spicules irregularly arranged; area of insertion of spermathecal duct apparently membranous.

Male. General body colour dark brown. Body length (in spirit) 3.4 mm; wing length 2.2 mm, wing width 1.1 mm (n=1).

Head— holoptic with dark red eyes. Remainder of head coloration as in female.

Thorax— scutum black covered with recumbent, golden hairs. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with anterior light source 1+1 silvery grey pruinose areas in submedian and lateral parts of anterior third ( Fig. 158 View PLATE 12 ). With light source posterior to specimen scutum black [shows grey areas in image because the photograph was taken with specimen immersed in alcohol] ( Fig. 159 View PLATE 12 ). Humeri, and lateral and posterior margins of scutum dark brown, but lightly pruinose if specimen is viewed in lateral view. Scutellum pale brown with recumbent, golden hairs interspersed with long, erect, black hairs on posterior margin. Postnotum brown with silvery grey pruinosity. Wing setation as in female, except subcosta without setae or with only one seta. Leg coloration as in female.

Abdomen— [Single specimen in spirit, which was dried to be photographed before being dissected] tergites I-IX brown to black with silver pruinosity on anterolateral margins of tergites II–VII; basal fringe with long, brown hairs. Genitalia brownish to black; sternal and tergal plates undeveloped. Gonocoxite subrectangular; gonostyle trapezoidal and pointed apically, two thirds length of gonocoxite and terminating in small spine [only visible with higher magnification]; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long setae ( Fig. 183 View PLATE 14 ). Ventral plate subtriangular and pointed centrally, covered by hairs; basal arms short and thick ( Fig. 197 View PLATE 15 ). Median sclerite Y-shaped, with distinct apical incision reaching middle of sclerite ( Fig. 209 View PLATE 16 ). Paramere with developed and sclerotised basal process and several stout teeth apically ( Fig. 222 View PLATE 17 ).

Pupa. Cocoon length dorsally 3.2–4.3 mm (n=1); ventrally 3.1–4.5 mm (n=1); pupa length 2.1–3.1 mm (n=1); gill length 1.4–1.8 mm (mean= 1.6 mm, s.d.=0.25, n=4).

Cocoon— shoe-shaped as in Fig. 235 View PLATE 19 , dark brown composed of thick, coalescent compact fibres and reinforced rim to anterior aperture, margin of aperture elevated.

Gill— dark brown with eight forwardly-directed arranged in vertical plane. Gill with main trunk short, giving rise to three sets of primary branches, one dorsal, one median and one ventral; all primary branches divide basally at different heights into secondary branches, dorsal and median with three each and ventral with two ( Fig. 249 View PLATE 21 ). fine and rounded distally, with minute spicules on surface, edges crenate; all approximately same length.

Head— frontoclypeus with 2+2 small, frontal and 1+1 small simple facial trichomes; frontoclypeus with distinct group of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorso-laterally and 2–3 platelets in two groups laterally in frontal region; frontoclypeus without tubercles.

Thorax— with two or three long, bifid to trifid trichomes near margin of dorsal cleft and one long, simple trichome near ventral margin of thorax; tubercles pointed and rounded, sparsely distributed and only found in posterior region.

Abdomen— tergite I with 1+1 long setae laterally and 3+3 submedian spiniform setae in row along posterior margin; tergite II with 6+6 submedian spiniform setae innermost longer than outermost, and 1+1 simple setae near external spiniform setae; tergites III and IV with 4+4 submedian simple hooks in longitudinal row, 1+1 small spiniform setae anterior to outer hooks; tergite V with 5+5 submedian spiniform setae in row along posterior margin; tergites VI–VII with 3+3 spiniform simple setae posteriorly; tergite VIII with 2+2 spiniform simple setae on posterior margin; tergite IX weakly sclerotised terminating in 1+1 small spines. Spine combs on anterolateral margins of tergites VI–IX. Sternite III with 2+2 simple setae on anterolateral margin; sternite IV with 3+3 simple spiniform setae lateral to 1+1 simple hooks; sternite V with 2+2 simple or bifid hooks, and 2+2 spiniform setae laterally to outer most hooks; sternite VI–VII with 2+2, bifid or simple, hooks and 3+3 spiniform setae in front of most external hooks, 1+1 setae between outer and inner hooks; sternite VIII without setae; sternite IX weakly sclerotised. All sternites with spine combs on anterior margin.

Larva. A description of the larva is given by Coscarón (1991), Coscarón & Coscarón-Arias (2007) and Py-Daniel & Moreira (1988).