Helonoton costaricense Lord and Ivie, 2016

Lord, Nathan P. & Ivie, Michael A., 2016, Several New Genera and Species of New World Synchitini (Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Colydiinae), The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (4), pp. 715-753 : 715-753

Helonoton costaricense Lord and Ivie , new species

( Figs. 2 , 10 , 24 )

Diagnosis. Helonoton costaricense is most similar to H. amistad in possessing irregular, vermiculate elytral tubercles that cross over elytral interstrial intervals and merge with neighboring tubercles, but differs in the straight, tapering basal third of the pronotal lateral margins, margins lacking numerous small, distinct denticles, and shorter and more ovoid posterior mid-lateral pronotal tubercles.

Description. Size moderate (TL = 4.4 mm), body oval-elongate (TL/EW = 2.5), subparallel; light brown to dark brown; habitus as in Fig. 10 . Head: elongate (HW = 0.7 mm), not constricted behind eyes ( Fig. 2a ). Antennae: 11-segmented, ending in an abrupt, 2-segmented club ( Fig. 2d ); antennomeres 10–11 forming distinct club, antennomere 10 transverse, trapezoidal to slightly asymmetrical, narrowest at base; antennomere 11 truncate at base, transverse, rounded apically. Prothorax: Pronotum elongate (PW = 1.5 mm, PL = 1.2 mm, PL/PW = 0.8), widest at apical ⅓, narrowest at base. Lateral margins of pronotum sinuate, widening apically, anterior ⅓ produced into weak arcuate lobe, posterior ⅔ gradually narrowing basally, lacking lobes/denticles ( Fig. 2h ); anterior angles distinct, slightly projecting forward to about level of anterior margin; posterior angles not apparent, evenly rounded. Pronotal disc with complex patterns of ridges and depressed areas; central portion with strongly depressed area, bordered laterally by sinuate ridge, ridge equally raised throughout; central portion bordered anteriorly by paired, short, parallel ridges that become confluent with anterior margin and bordered basally by paired, baso-laterally directed ridges that end before posterior margin creating sub-triangular baso-medial depression. Pair of ovoid, mid-lateral tubercles present between lateral pronotal margin and basal half of central sinuate tuberculate ridge, as well as smaller pair present between lateral pronotal margin and anterior portion of central sinuate tuberculate ridge. Procoxal cavities broadly open externally ( Fig. 2h ). Mesothorax: Scutellum well-developed, visible, pentagonal, transverse; anterior margin truncate, posterior margin rounded to slightly angulate. Elytra: Elongate, parallel-sided, widest at middle (EL = 3.1 mm, EW = 1.8 mm, EL/EW = 1.8). Surface with network of vermiculate tubercles and shallow carinae/ridges, difficult to define. Sutural stria raised, beaded, abruptly diverging anterolaterally to form scutellary striole. Each elytral base with 3 elongate carinae; 1 st at base of elytral interstrial interval 3, raised, elongate, distinctly swollen posteriorly; 2 nd at base of interval 5, ½ as long as carina on interval 3; 3 rd at base of interval 7, beginning at humeral angle and extending towards apex, 2X as long as carina on interval 5. Interval 9 without distinctly raised carina. Remaining tubercles and raised areas irregular, vermiculate, sometimes merging with neighboring tubercles. Carinae present on elytral declivity, irregular, not extending nearly to apex. Epipleuron present, weakly defined, incomplete to apex, ending at junction of abdominal ventrites IV and V. Metaventrite: Longer than abdominal ventrite I, with paired sinuate grooves directly posteriad and bordering mesocoxae, also with paired, slightly curved grooves directly anteriad and bordering metacoxae ( Fig. 2i ). Discrimen short, extending only to basal ⅓ of metaventrite, strongly impressed between and anteriad metacoxae. Metacoxae transverse, narrowly separated. Metendosternite of fully winged form as in Fig. 2g (see genus-group description). Abdomen: Intercoxal process of abdominal ventrite I triangular, apex acute ( Fig. 2j ). In males, ventrites III and IV with large, smooth, transverse-oval patches in lateral areas. Metathoracic wing: Fully developed.

Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama ( Fig. 24 ).

Biology. Specimens were collected on Xylariaceae fungus, under the bark of standing trees, from splintered tree branches, by fogging fungus-covered logs or loose bark on fallen trees, or in Malaise traps.

Etymology. Named after Costa Rica, the country where the vast majority of the type species was collected.

Type Material. 98 specimens. Holotype, male (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Limón, P.Int. La; Amistad , Send. Antiguo Campamento,; 2484m, 19 MAR 2003, M. Alfaro,; Libre, L _S_340258_577465 #73646 / [label with barcode] INB0003716972; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA . Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose; PanAmerican Hwy. Km 80.5; 7km SSW, Cabinas de Quetzal ; 9°33′53″N, 83°48′5″W, 2150 m; 21 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks, Z.Falin; CR1ABF00 207 ex: Xylariaceae / [label with

barcode] SM 0208270; KUNHM-ENT. Paratypes (14 pointed, KSEM): same data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers 0208238, 0208239, 0208261, 0208268, 0208269, 0208271, 0208272, 0208290, 0242659, 0242674, 0242681, 0242689, 0242695, and 0242696. Paratype (disarticulated, in glycerine, KSEM): same data as previous specimens, but barcode number 0208251. Paratype (1 pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose; PanAmerican Hwy. Km 80.5; 7km SSW, Cabinas de Quetzal; 9°33′53″N, 83°48′5″W, 2150 m; 21 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks; Z.Falin CR1ABF00 208; ex: fogging fungus covered log / [label with barcode] SM0208531; KUNHM-ENT. Paratypes (6 pointed, KSEM): same data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers: SM0206082, 0209715, 0209717, 0209723, SM0209823, and 0209824. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose; PanAmerican Hwy. Km 80.5; 7km SSW, Cabinas de Quetzal; 9°33′53″N, 83°48′5″W, 2150 m; 22 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks; Z.Falin CR1ABF00 217; ex: fogging fungus covered log / [label with barcode] SM0205948; KUNHM-ENT. Paratypes (4 pointed, KSEM): same data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers 0208060, 0208108, 0208128, and 0208152. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose; PanAmerican Hwy. Km 70; Mirador El Quetzal, 2650 m; 9°38′37″N, 83°51′2″W; 20 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks,; Z.Falin CR1ABF00 195; ex: fogging fungus covered log / [label with barcode] SM0205682; KUNHM-ENT. Paratypes (2 pointed, KSEM): same data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers 0205662 and 0205684. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose; PanAmerican Hwy. Km 70; Mirador El Quetzal, 2650 m; 9°38′37″N, 83°51′2″W; 20 JUL 2000; J.Ashe, R.Brooks, Z.Falin; CR1ABF00 200; ex: fogging loose bark on standing tree / [label with barcode] SM0199330; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; Genesis II Reserve. 2360m; 09°42.57′N, 83°54.64′W; 13-VI-2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus covered; logs. CR1AFH04 224 / [label with barcode] SM0661198; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): same data as previous specimen, but barcode number 0661329. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; Genesis II Reserve. 2360m; 09°42.57′N, 83°54.64′W; 14-VI- 2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus covered; logs. CR1AFH04 231 / [label with barcode] SM0657641; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; Genesis II Reserve. 2360m; 09°42.57′N, 83°54.64′W; 14-VI-2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex: splintered tree; branches. CR1AFH04 241 / [label with barcode] SM0660962; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; Genesis II Reserve. 2360m; 09°42.57′N, 83°54.64′W; 15-VI-2004, J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin,; I. Hinojosa. Ex: pyrethrum fogging; splintered trees. CR1AFH04 247 / [label with barcode] SM0658099; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; 2.4km ENE Sn Gerardo de Rivas,; Cloudbridge Reserve , Ridge trail; 2000-2200m 09°28.07′N,; 83°33.84′W 9-VI- 2004, J.S. Ashe,; Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus; covered logs. CR1AFH04 162 / [label with barcode] SM0641548; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; La Catarata, San Gerardo de; Dota, 09°32.80′N, 83°48.68′W; 2225m, 26-V-2004, J.S. Ashe,; Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa. Ex: fungus; covered logs CR1AFH04 001 / [label with barcode] SM0607080; KUNHM-ENT. Paratype (pointed, KSEM): COSTA RICA: San Jose Prov.; La Catarata, San Gerardo de; Dota 09°32.80′N, 83°48.68′W; 2225m 12-VI-2004, J.S. Ashe,; Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa. Ex: black; crustose fungus CR1AFH04 206 / [label with barcode] SM0660609; KUNHM- ENT. Paratypes (2 pointed, KSEM): same data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers 0660593 and 0660607. Paratypes (2 pointed, MAIC): COSTA RICA:; VillaMills; Jan-May 1991; Malaise Trap. Paratypes (13 pointed, CASC): COSTA RICA, S.J.; 20mi. N. Sanisidro; delGeneral, 9000’; VII-10-1974 / C.W.&L.B.O’ Brien; & G.B.Marshall. Paratype (pointed, CASC): COSTA RICA, S.J.,; 24mi. N. Sanisidro; delGeneral, 9300’; VI-22-1974 / C.W.&L.B.O’ Brien; & G.B.Marshall. Paratype (pointed, MAIC): COSTA RICA:Prov. San Jose; 26km N. San Isidro; 9°30′N, 83°43′W, 2100m; JUNE-AUG 1992, P. Hansen; Malaise trap in 2° forest. Paratype (pinned, MNCR): Send. Principal del Cerro Chirripo en; Monte Sin Fe , 3.4 Km SO. del Cerro ; Ventisquero , San Jose, Costa Rica.; 3200m. 12 ABR 1996. B. Gamboa,; L_S_377700_515700 #7601. / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002 476234. Paratypes (3 pinned, MNCR): same data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers 476235, 476236, and 476237. Paratype (pinned, MNCR): Est. Cuericí. Sendero el Carbón. 5 Km ; al E. de Villa Mills, Prov , San Jo ,; COSTA RICA. 2700m. 8 ENE 1996. B.; Gamboa, L _S_390100_500100 #6773 / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002; 332099. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): Est. Cuericí. Sendero el Carbón. 5 Km ; al E. de Villa Mills, Prov. San José,; COSTA RICA. 2600m. 26 OCT 1995.; B. Gamboa, L_S_390100_500100 #6328 / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002; 468223. Paratypes (3 pinned, MNCR): same data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers 468224, 468225, and 468226. Paratype (1 pinned, MNCR): Est. Cuerici, Send. El Mirador, 4 Km al; E. Villa Mills, San Jose, Costa Rica.; 2900m. 17 MAR 1996. B. Gamboa,; L_S_390450_500100 #7039 / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002; 380263. Paratype (pinned, MNCR) same data as previous specimen, but barcode number 380265. Paratypes (5 pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA, Prov. Cartago, Rio ; Macho , 3 Km E. de Villa Mills, Camino ; Principal del Cattie. 2750m. 12 JUL; 1996. B. Gamboa.; L_S_390400_498100 #7707 / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002; 443822. Paratypes (2 card-mounted together, MNCR): SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA; Villa Mills 3000m; 5marzo1986; COL: A. SOLIS B. / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI002; 144920. Paratypes (4 card-mounted together, MNCR): SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA; Villa Mills 3000m; 5marzo1986; COL: A. SOLIS B. / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI000; 144989. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Cartago, El ; Guarco, R.F. Rio Macho , Est. La; Esperanza del Guarco , 2700m, 20 - 25; ENE 2002, R. G. Tenorio, Libre ,; L_N_185600_550000 # 66616 / [label with barcode] INB0003422166; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): same data as previous specimen, but barcode number INB0003422174. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Cartago, El ; Guarco, R.F. Rio Macho , Est. La; Esperanza del Guarco , 2700m, 27 - 30; ENE 2002, R. Tenorio, Microambientes ; L_N_185600_550000 # 66617 / [label with barcode] INB0003422211; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Cartago, R.F. Rio; Macho , Est. La Esperanza , 2700m, 24 -; 25 MAR 2002, R. Gonzáles,; Microambientes especiales; L_N_185550_549600 # 67862 / [label with barcode] INB0003422211; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Cartago, El ; Guarco , San Isidro , Madre selva, Finca ; Los Lagos , 2600m, SEP 1993, BIMS -; Atta, T. Malaise. L _N_184450_550050; #2441 / [label with barcode] INB0003393242; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA. Prov. Limón, P.Int. La; Amistad , Send. Antiguo Campamento,; 2484m, 19 MAR 2003, M. Alfaro,; Libre, L _S_340258_577465 #73646 / [label with barcode] INB0003716963; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (3 pointed, MNCR): same data as previous specimen, but barcode numbers INB0003716979, INB0003716962, and INB0003716981. Paratype (pinned, MNCR): same data as previous specimen, but barcode number INB0003716966. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): Costa Rica, Prov. Limón, P.Int., La ; Amistad. Ref. Valle Silencio 2400, 18; APR 2001. R. Gonzáles.; Microambientes especiales (troncos); L_S_341400_577250 #62757 / [label with barcode] INB0003316074; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA, Prov. Limón.; Talamanca. Bratsi. Send Albergue a; Cerro Hoffman. 2450m. 21 MAR 2003.; C. Hernández. Red De Golpe. ; L_S_340450_575850 #73812 / [label with barcode] INB0003578070; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): COSTA RICA, Prov. Limón, P.Int. La; Amistad , Bratsi , Valle del Silencio ,; 2450m, 1 SEP 2001, R. Gonzáles; Tenorio , Red de Golpe. ; L_S_339917_577486 #65551 / [label with barcode] INB0003396300; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): Madreselva , Finca los Lagos , Prov.; Carta , COSTA RICA. 2600 m. 1 Set-23; Oct 1994. M.M. Chavarr. Malaise, L; N 184450 550050 #3354 / [label with barcode] INB0003831971; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): Los Lagos , Madreselva. Prov. Carta,; COSTA RICA. 2600 m. Jul 1994. M.; M. Chavarr, Malaise, L N; 184450 550050 #3151 / [label with barcode] INB0003797735; INBIOCRI COSTA RICA. Paratype (pointed, MNCR): Est. Cuerici. Sendero el Carbon. 5 Km ; al E. de Villa Mills, San Jose, Costa ; Rica 2700m. 8-13 ENE 1996. A.; Picado, L _S_390100_500100 #6802 / [label with barcode] COSTA RICA INBIO; CRI000; 379123

Additional Material Examined. 21 specimens (non-types). There are several specimens from western Panama ( Chiriquí Province ) and central Costa Rica that are outside the core range of this species and are excluded from the type series. These specimens are tentatively placed in H. costaricense , but a closer examination of these and additional material may result in the delineation of one or more separate species. (16 pointed, USNM): COSTA RICA; nr. Puriscal ; 18 May 1951; OLCartwright. (1 pointed, USNM): Turrialba ; Costa Rica ; 20 May 1951; OLCartwright. (1 pointed, CNCI): PANAMA, Chiriqui; Prov. 2-3km E Cerro; Punta , 2000-2200m.28.; V.77 H. &A. Howden. (1 pointed, CNCI): PANAMA, Chiriqui; Prov. 2-3km E Cerro; Punta, 2000-2200m, 1.; VI.77 H. & A. Howden. (2 pointed, CNCI): PANAMA, Chiriqui; Prov. 2-3km E Cerro; Punta, 2000-2200m, 23.; V.77 H. & A. Howden

Figures

Fig. 2. Helonoton costaricense. a) Head, ventral view, b) Labium, ventral view, c) Maxilla, ventral view, d) Antenna, e) Fore leg, f) Mandible, ventral view, g) Metendosternite, ventral view, h) Prothorax, ventral view, i) Pterothorax, ventral view, j) Abdominal ventrites I–V, ventral view, k) Aedeagus, dorsal view, l) Aedeagus, lateral view.

Figs. 9–12. Helonoton species, dorsal habitus. 9) H. chiriqui, holotype (KSEM); 10) H. costaricense, holotype

Figs. 23–24. Distribution maps of Helonoton species. 23) Species in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras;