Barbus anatolicus, Turan & Kaya & Geiger & Freyhof, 2018

Turan, Davut, Kaya, Cüneyt, Geiger, Matthias & Freyhof, Jörg, 2018, Barbus anatolicus, a new barbel from the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak River drainages in northern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), Zootaxa 4461 (4), pp. 539-557 : 542-547

Barbus anatolicus , new species

( FIG. 2–7 )

Holotype. FFR 0 8811, 193 MM SL; TURKEY: KIRŞEhIR PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER At KESIKKÖPRÜ, 38°57'39''N 34°11'57''E.

Paratypes. FFR 0 8802, 27, 67–201 MM SL; SAME DAtA AS hOLOtYPE .— FFR 0 0 231, 5, 124–168 MM SL; FFR 0 0 238, 4, 157–196 MM SL; TURKEY : SIVAS PROV. : KIZILIRMAK RIVER 2 KM SOUth OF ZARA, 39°52'26"N 37°44'44"E. — FFR 0 8800, 12, 102–251 MM SL; TURKEY : YOZGAt PROV.: StREAM DELICE At YERKÖY, 39°37'19''N 34°29'23''E. — FFR 0 8801, 3, 118–168 MM SL; TURKEY : KAStAMONU PROV.: StREAM DEVREZ At WEStERN AŞAĞIDIKMEN, 40°59'02''N 34°05'57''E. — FSJF 3740 , 2 , 116–119 MM SL; TURKEY; ÇANKIRI PROV.: StREAM ULUSU (ÇERKEŞ) 1 KM SOUthWESt OF ÇERKEŞ, 40°48'27"N 32°53'03"E. — FSJF 2902 , 9 , 89–236 MM SL; TURKEY : SIVAS PROV. : KIZILIRMAK RIVER SOUth OF SIVAS, 39°43'16"N 36°57'44"E. — FSJF 2978 , 18 , 57–132 MM SL; TURKEY : SIVAS PROV. : KIZILIRMAK RIVER At ORtAtOPAÇ, NORth-WESt OF ŞARKIŞLA, 39°22'57"N 36°15'01"E.

Additional material. FFR 0 8810, 8, 86–170 MM SL; TURKEY : GIRESUN PROV.: StREAM BAĞIRSAK At ALUCRA, 40°18'37''N 38°46'21''E. — FFR 0 8808, 6, 84–158 MM SL; TURKEY : GÜMÜŞhANE PROV.: StREAM KELKIt SOUth OF SEYDIBABA, 40°05'28''N 39°03'02''E. — FFR 0 0 178, 2, 84–88 MM SL; TURKEY : ORDU PROV.: StREAM TIFI At GÖKÇEBAYIR, 40°47'57"N 36°43'50"E. — FFR 0 10265, 7, 85–113 MM SL; TURKEY : SAMSUN PROV.: StREAM TERSAKAN At HAVZA, 40°59'23"N 35°43'03"E. — FSJF 3127 , 3 , 53–68 MM SL; TURKEY : AMASYA PROV. : YEŞILIRMAK RIVER At ILICASU, 20 KM FROM TAŞOVA, 40°44'09"N 36°08'60"E. — FSJF 3104 , 9 , 63–136 MM SL; TURKEY : AMASYA PROV.: StREAM ÇORUM 15 KM NORth OF GÖYNÜCEK, 40°29'30"N 35°35'28"E.

Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-1386 ; TURKEY : SIVAS PROV. : KIZILIRMAK RIVER SOUth OF SIVAS, 39°43'16"N 36°57'44"E. ( GENBANK ACCESSION NUMBERS: MH407604 , MH407625 ) .— FSJF DNA- 1607 ; TURKEY : AMASYA PROV.: StREAM ÇORUM 15 KM NORth OF GÖYNÜCEK, 40°29'30"N 35°35'28"E. ( GENBANK ACCESSION NUMBERS: MH407648 , MH407605 , MH407619 ) .

Diagnosis. Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. rionicus AND B. escherichii BY hAVING MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58–71 VS. 51–58 IN B. rionicus ; 52–58 IN B. escherichii ) AND thE OUtER MARGIN OF thE DORSAL FIN BEING MARKEDLY CONCAVE (VS. StRAIGht OR SLIGhtLY CONCAVE). It IS ALSO DIStINGUIShED FROM B. escherichii BY thE LENGth OF thE ANAL FIN BEING EqUAL IN BOth SEXES (VS. LONGER IN FEMALE thAN IN MALE). Barbus anatolicus IS FURthER DIStINGUIShED FROM B. rionicus BY hAVING A MORE OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL-FIN RAY (OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70–80% OF ItS LENGth VS. APPROXIMAtELY 50–60%) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. IN ADULtS, COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh OR WIth FEW IRREGULARLY ShAPED BROWNISh SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK).

ThE NEW SPECIES IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. macedonicus BY hAVING thE DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN SLIGhtLY IN FRONt OF thE VERtICAL OF thE PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN (VS. DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN ABOVE thE PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN), 12–15 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN thE LAtERAL LINE AND thE DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN (VS. 14–17), thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. WIth A MEDIAN PAD EXCEPt FOR SOME INDIVIDUALS LARGER thAN 200 MM SL) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. IN ADULtS hEAD AND FLANK COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh).

Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. barbus , B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus BY hAVING thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. WIth A MEDIAN PAD), MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58–71 VS. 53–63 IN B. barbus , 53–62 IN B. oligolepis , 51–64 IN B. tauricus ), thE LENGth OF thE ANAL FIN BEING EqUAL IN BOth SEXES (VS. LONGER IN FEMALE thAN IN MALE IN B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus ), thE POStERIOR MARGIN OF thE DORSAL FIN MARKEDLY CONCAVE (VS. SLIGhtLY CONCAVE OR StRAIGht IN B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus ) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh OR WIth MANY, VERY SMALL DARK-BROWN OR BLACK SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK IN ADULtS). It IS FURthER DIStINGUIShED FROM B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus BY hAVING FEWER GILL RAKERS ON thE FIRSt GILL ARCh (9–11 VS. 11–14 IN B. oligolepis , 11–13 IN B. tauricus ) AND FROM B. tauricus BY hAVING A MORE StRONGLY OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL- FIN RAY (OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70–80% OF ItS LENGth VS. 40–60%).

Description. SEE FIG. 2–4 FOR GENERAL APPEARANCE AND TABLES 2–3 FOR MORPhOMEtRIC AND MERIStIC DAtA. A LARGE SPECIES WIth A SLENDER AND SLIGhtLY COMPRESSED BODY. DORSAL PROFILE ARChED AND VENtRAL PROFILE StRAIGht OR SLIGhtLY ARChED. PREDORSAL PROFILE CONVEX AND POStDORSAL PROFILE StRAIGht. HEAD RELAtIVELY LONG, ItS UPPER PROFILE StRAIGht IN INtERORBItAL AREA, CONVEX At NOStRILS AND SLIGhtLY CONCAVE IN FRONt OF NOStRILS. MOUth SUBINFERIOR, WIth WELL- DEVELOPED LIPS. LIPS WIth PAPILLAE, LOWER LIP thICKER thAN UPPER LIP. LOWER LIP WIth PRODUCED LAtERAL AND MEDIAN LOBES ( FIG. 5 ). ROStRAL BARBEL NOt REAChING VERtICAL OF NOStRIL. MAXILLARY BARBEL REAChING tO VERtICAL OF POStERIOR MARGIN OF PUPIL. SNOUt POINtED. LARGESt KNOWN SPECIMEN ABOUt 400 MM SL (NOt PRESERVED).

LAtERAL LINE WIth 58–71 SCALES, 12–15 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN LAtERAL LINE AND DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN, 9–10 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN LAtERAL LINE AND ANAL-FIN ORIGIN. GILL RAKERS 3–5 + 5–6=9–11 ON OUtER SIDE OF FIRSt GILL ARCh. DORSAL FIN WIth 4 SIMPLE AND 7½–9½ (MODE 8½) BRANChED RAYS. POStERIOR MARGIN OF DORSAL FIN MARKEDLY CONCAVE. DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN SLIGhtLY IN FRONt OF VERtICAL OF PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN. LASt SIMPLE DORSAL-FIN RAY OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70–80% OF ItS LENGth ( FIG. 6 ). PECtORAL FIN SLIGhtLY CONVEX, WIth 1 SIMPLE AND 15–16 BRANChED RAYS. PELVIC FIN SLIGhtLY CONVEX, WIth 1 SIMPLE AND 7–8 BRANChED RAYS. ANAL FIN WIth 3 SIMPLE AND 5½ BRANChED RAYS, OUtER MARGIN CONVEX, REAChING tO BASE OF CAUDAL FIN IN MOSt INDIVIDUALS, ItS LENGth NOt FOUND tO BE SEXUALLY DIMORPhIC. CAUDAL FIN FORKED, LOBES SLIGhtLY POINtED. MANY EPIDERMAL KEELS ON tOP OF hEAD AND PREDORSAL SCALES ( FIG. 7 ) IN KIZILIRMAK POPULAtION, ABSENt IN YEŞILIRMAK POPULAtION. TOtAL VERtEBRAE 45–49 (MODALLY 45). PhARYNGEAL tEEth 5.3.2–2.3.5.

Coloration. FORMALIN PRESERVED ADULtS AND jUVENILES WIth BROWN BACKGROUND COLOUR ON BACK AND FLANK, YELLOWISh ON BELLY. MANY SMALL BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON hEAD, EXtENDING DOWNWARDS tO ChEEK. NUMEROUS SMALL AND IRREGULAR BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK, USUALLY SMALLER thAN SCALES OR AS LARGE AS SCALES. SPOtS OFtEN AGGREGAtE tO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED BLOtChES. DORSAL AND CAUDAL FINS GREYISh. ANAL, PECtORAL AND PELVIC FINS YELLOWISh. NUMEROUS BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON RAYS OF ALL FINS. LIFE ADULtS AND jUVENILES WIth SILVERY OR BRIGht GOLDEN BACKGROUND COLOUR, PECtORAL AND ANAL FINS WIth ORANGE hUE OR ORANGE MARGIN.

Distribution and notes on habitat. Barbus anatolicus IS KNOWN FROM thE DRAINAGES OF thE KIZILIRMAK AND YEŞILIRMAK RIVERS ( FIGURE 8 ). It INhABItS SWIFt FLOWING WAtER, WIth ROCKY AND PEBBLE BOttOM.

Etymology. ThE NAME OF thE SPECIES IS DERIVED FROM ANAtOLIA. AN ADjECtIVE.

Remarks. Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. niluferensis FROM thE SOUthERN MARMARA SEA BASIN BY hAVING MORE GILL RAKERS (9–11 VS. 6–8), MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45–49 VS. 43–44), A LONGER (26–29% SL VS. 24–26) AND MORE SLENDER hEAD (hEAD DEPth At OCCIPUt 50–61% HL VS. 60–68) AND A ShORtER DIStANCE BEtWEEN thE ROStRAL BARBELS (8–13% HL VS. 18–23). Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. pergamonensis FROM thE EAStERN AEGEAN SEA BASIN BY hAVING MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45–49 VS. 41–42), MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58–71 VS. 52–61), A LONGER hEAD (26–29% SL VS. 25–26) AND A ShORtER DIStANCE BEtWEEN thE ROStRAL BARBELS (8–13% HL VS. 19–22).

Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. lacerta FROM thE PERSIAN GULF BASIN AND FROM B. cyri , FROM thE CASPIAN SEA BASIN BY hAVING A StRONGLY OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL-FIN RAY (OSSIFIED ALONG 70–80% OF ItS LENGth VS. LESS thAN 50%) AND thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. A POORLY DEVELOPED SWOLLEN MEDIAN PAD). It FURthER DIFFERS FROM B. lacerta AND B. cyri BY hAVING MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45–49 VS. 42–44) AND MORE GILL RAKERS ON thE OUtER SIDE OF thE FIRSt GILL ARCh (9–11 VS. 6–9). It hAS tO BE NOtED, thAt WE FOUND NO EXtERNAL DIFFERENCE tO DIStINGUISh B. lacerta , B. cyri AND B. karunensis FROM EACh OthER AND WE CANNOt CONFIRM thE MORPhOLOGICAL PARt OF thE DIAGNOSES PROVIDED BY KhAEFI et al. (2017) PARtLY BASED ON thE SAME MAtERIALS EXAMINED AS FOR thIS StUDY.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Barbus anatolicus, FFR 08811; holotype, 193 mm SL; Turkey: Kızılırmak River drainage.

FIGURE 3. Barbus anatolicus, paratypes; a, FFR 08802, 202 mm SL; b, FFR 08802, 185 mm SL; c, FFR 08802, 182 mm SL; Turkey: Kızılırmak River drainage.

FIGURE 4. Barbus anatolicus, from the top, FSJF 3104, 136 mm SL; Turkey: Yeşilırmak River drainage; FSJF 2902, paratype, 236 mm SL; Turkey: Kızılırmak River.

FIGURE 5. Ventral view of head: a, Barbus anatolicus, FFR 08802, paratype, 190 mm SL; b, B. rionicus, FFR 00182, 184 mm SL; c, B. escherichii, FFR 00275, 185 mm SL.

FIGURE 6. Last unbranched dorsal-fin ray: a, Barbus anatolicus, FFR 08802, paratype, 190 mm SL; b, B. escherichii, FFR 00275, 159 mm SL; c, Barbus rionicus, FFR 00182, 184 mm SL.

FIGURE 7. Barbus anatolicus, FFR 08811; holotype, 193 mm SL; Turkey: Kızılırmak River drainage.

FIGURE 8. Distribution of Barbus species in the Marmara and Black Sea basin (records of B. barbus, B. cyclolepis and B. petenyi from Romania, Bulgaria and Turkish Trace not shown).