Leucolepidopa, EFFORD, 1969

BOYKO, CHRISTOPHER B., 2002, A Worldwide Revision Of The Recent And Fossil Sand Crabs Of The Albuneidae Stimpson And Blepharipodidae, New Family (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Hippoidea), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (272), pp. 1-396 : 74-79

LEUCOLEPIDOPA EFFORD, 1969

Leucolepidopa Efford, 1969: 1–2 . – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: 42. – Calado, 1995: 217.

DIAGNOSIS: Carapace as wide as long, anterior margin weakly toothed. Rostrum produced and rounded. Distal peduncular segment flattened, ovate; setae on dorsal surface. Antennular dorsal flagellum with 23+ articles, ventral flagellum absent. Antennal segment I unarmed; flagellum with three articles. Maxilliped II exopod without flagellum. Maxilliped III exopod without flagellum. Abdominal somite V pleura well calcified. Males with pleopods. Telson of male ovate, evenly but weakly calcified.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from Sunda Straight between Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, and from Western Australia, Australia.

TYPE SPECIES: Leucolepidopa sunda Efford, 1969 , by monotypy.

REMARKS: This genus is monotypic and intermediate between Austrolepidopa and Paraleucolepidopa .

Leucolepidopa sunda Efford, 1969

Figures 24 , 25 Leucolepidopa sunda Efford, 1969: 2–4 , pl. 1, figs. 1–7, pl. 2, figs. 1–8*. – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: table 1. – Calado, 1995: 217–221, pl. 71, figs. a–d, pl. 72, figs. a, b, pl. 73, figs. a– d*. – Boyko and Harvey, 1999: 400 (list), 401 (key).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Indonesia: Sta. 75, Sunda Strait, between Sumatra and Java, 06°10̍S, 105°44̍E, 40 m, July 29, 1922, coll. Danish Kei Island Expedition: 1 Ƌ, 7.2 mm cl, holotype ( ZMUC 168).

Australia: Sta. Bone­NW Shelf­37, off Kimberley, 18°46.97̍S, 120°14.48̍E, Western Australia, 76 m, July 1, 1999, coll. Y. Bone: 1 Ƌ, 5.5 mm cl ( MOV J47316 ).

DIAGNOSIS: As for genus.

DESCRIPTION: Carapace (fig. 24A) approximately as wide as long. Anterior margin smooth between ocular peduncles. Rostrum absent, rostral area convex, overreaching

base of distal peduncular segments and exceeded by anterolateral lobes. Ocular sinus concave, with few low teeth. Anterolateral lobe broadly triangular, dentate on margin, with margins convex. Frontal region smooth, setal field broadest anteriorly, reaching to anterior margin of carapace, narrow lateral elements directed posteriorly, anterior margin sinuous. CG1 concave, strongly crenulate, bearing short setae, connected to posterior lateral elements. Mesogastric region smooth, CG2 absent; CG3 present only as short lateral grooves; CG4 with eight short median elements: median two in line with two longer lateral elements, submedian six obique and displaced posteriorly toward midline. Hepat­ ic region rugose anteriorly and anteromesially, otherwise smooth, with short rugose and setose lateral spine present on anterolateral margin. Epibranchial region roughly triangular, smooth, posterior lateral margin with numerous short setae. Metagastric region smooth; CG5 absent; CG6 slightly crenulate, median concave element merging with CG7 to form hybrid groove, lateral fragment of CG6 inserted between long lateral elements and short oblique elements of CG4; CG7 oblique, merging with median third of CG6. Cardiac region smooth; CG8 broken into two long transverse elements; CG9 present as two very short lateral elements; CG10 present as two oblique elements almost meeting in median; CG11 absent. Branchial region with short, transverse rows of setae. Posterior margin deeply and evenly convex, with submarginal groove reaching posterior margin of posterior concavity. Branchiostegite unarmed, covered with long plumose setae, anterior region with many short rows of setae, posterior region well calcified dorsally, membranous ventrally, with numerous irregular fragments.

Ocular plate and median peduncular segments completely concealed by front of carapace (fig. 24B). Distal peduncular segments oblong, rounded distally, broadly separated, margins and dorsal surface with short setae.

Antennule (fig. 24C) with segment III narrow proximally, expanding distally to twice proximal width, produced distoventrally, long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral, and distal margins; dorsal exopodal flagellum with 123 articles (n = 1), long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral and distal margins; ventral endopodal flagellum absent (n = 1). Segment II with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins, and scattered on lateral surface. Segment I damaged in only specimen.

Antenna (fig. 24D) with segment V approximately two times longer than wide, long plumose setae on distal margin; flagellum with three articles (n = 1), long thick simple setae on dorsal, ventral, lateral, and distal margins. Segment IV with long plumose setae on dorsomesial margin, and long simple setae on dorsolateral margin. Segment III with long plumose setae on distoventral margin. Segment II short, widening distally, with long simple setae on dorsolateral margin; an­ tennal acicle short, rounded, not reaching base of segment IV, long plumose setae on dorsal and lateral margins. Segment I round­ ed dorsally, flattened ventrally, long plumose setae on margins, dorsolateral surface rugose and with short setae, ventral margin produced into oblong flattened plate.

Mandible (fig. 24E) incisor process with two teeth; cutting edge with one tooth. Palp three­segmented, with plumose setae on margins and long, thick, simple setae arising from bend in second segment.

Maxillule unknown.

Maxilla (fig. 24F) exopod evenly rounded, with plumose setae along distal margin. Scaphognathite rounded on posterior lobe, with plumose setae. Endopod and endites without useful characters.

Maxilliped I (fig. 24G) epipod reduced, with plumose setae on margins and surface. Endite tapered distally and subequal to first segment of exopod. Exopod with two segments; proximal segment narrow, margins parallel, margins with plumose setae; distal segment spatulate, approximately 1.5 times longer than wide, broadest proximally, margins with long plumose setae. Endopod flattened and elongate, reaching to distal end of proximal exopodal segment, with plumose setae on margins.

Maxilliped II (fig. 24H) dactylus evenly rounded, length equal to width, with thick simple setae distally and in transverse medial row. Propodus two times wider than long, slightly produced dorsodistally, with plumose setae on dorsal and distoventral margins. Carpus not strongly produced dorsodistally, approximately two times longer than wide, with long simple setae on dorsal margin and scattered on distolateral surface. Merus approximately two times longer than wide, margins nearly parallel but slightly inflated, with plumose setae on margins and scattered on lateral surface. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, with plumose setae on margins. Exopod two times longer than merus, without flagellum, with long simple setae at distal tip.

Maxilliped III (fig. 24I) dactylus with rounded tip, long simple setae on margins and lateral surface. Propodus with longitudinal, median row of simple setae, margins with simple setae. Carpus produced to distal end of propodus; lateral surface and margins with long plumose setae. Merus inflated, unarmed, with plumose setae on margins, short simple and long plumose setae scattered on lateral surface. Basis incompletely fused with ischium, without crista dentata. Exopod twosegmented, proximal segment small, distal segment styliform, tapering, approximately one­half length of merus, plumose setae on margins; flagellum absent.

Pereopod I (fig. 25A) dactylus curved and tapering; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth, dorsal margin with long plumose and short simple setae, ventral margin with short simple setae. Propodus lateral surface with numerous short, transverse rows of setose ru­ gae, dorsal margin unarmed but rugose, ventral margin distally produced into acute spine, cutting edge lacking teeth, lined with short blunt and long plumose setae; lateral, mesial, and ventral margins with long setae. Carpus unarmed, dorsal margin distally rugose; lateral surface with few transverse rows of setae; mesial surface smooth, with scattered rows of long plumose setae, margins with long plumose setae. Merus unarmed; margins and lateral surface with scattered transverse rows of long plumose setae; mesial surface with few short rows of setae. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod II (fig. 25B) dactylus smooth, base to heel slightly concave, heel with smoothly rounded low spur, heel to tip broadly indented and wide, tip rounded, tip to base broadly convex; lateral surface smooth, few setae along dorsal margin between heel and tip; mesial surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short plumose setae and a patch of long plumose setae between heel and base. Propodal dorsal surface smooth, ventral margin inflated and rounded, oblique row of long plumose setae on lateral surface, distoventral margin with long plumose setae; dorsolateral surface as narrow, oblique, flattened shelf, short setae on dorsal margin and long plumose setae on ventral margin; mesial surface with curved row of simple setae from ventral junction with dactylus almost to ventral proximal junction with carpus. Carpus inflated and produced dorsodistally, gently rounded with subacute tip; lateral surface nearly smooth, with irregular, broken row of rugae and submarginal elevated ridge ventrally, rugae and ridge with long plumose setae, margins with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, submarginal and marginal rows of long plumose setae dorsally. Merus with lateral surface fully calcified, long plumose setae on dorsodistal margin, short plumose setae on ventral margin; mesial surface with row of long plumose setae below dorsal margin and row of setal patches one­third from ventral margin. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod III (fig. 25C) dactylus with base to heel straight, heel low and rounded, heel to tip broadly concave, tip rounded, tip to base smoothly convex distally; lateral surface smooth, heel and dorsodistal margin with tufts of long simple setae; mesial surface smooth, plumose setae proximally between heel and junction with propodus, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple and plumose setae. Propodus not much inflated; lateral surface smooth, dorsolateral surface as narrow, oblique, flattened shelf with mat of short setae, simple setae on margins, long plumose setae on ventral margin; mesial surface with scattered long setae on and near distal margin. Carpus produced, overreaching distal margin of propodus, broadly rounded and inflated distally, dorsolateral margin unarmed; lateral surface covered with numerous rows of short, simple setae forming setal mat, increasingly prominent distally, two broken rows of long simple setae ventral to setal mat; mesial surface smooth, long plumose setae on margins and in medial transverse row. Merus smooth, ovate, dorsal and ventral margins unarmed, dorsodistal and proximoventral margins with long plumose setae, lateral surface fully calcified; mesial surface smooth. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed. Female with presumed large gonopore on ventral surface of coxa, lacking setae, male with similar but smaller pore.

Pereopod IV (fig. 25D) dactylus with base to heel convex, heel to tip broadly concave, tip rounded, tip to base evenly convex; lateral surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae; mesial surface smooth, row of plumose setae dorsally and scattered on surface. Propodus expanded dorsally and ventrally; ventral expansion not reaching ventral dactylus margin, long plumose setae at ventral margin; dorsal expansion with row of long plumose and short simple setae; lateral surface with transverse row of short plumose setae; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; mesial surface with distal row of long plumose setae. Carpus slightly produced dorsodistally; lateral surface smooth, with few short rows of short simple setae; mesial surfaces smooth; dorsal margin with short simple and long plumose setae, ventral margin with short plumose setae. Merus with scattered, short, transverse rows of setae on lat­ eral surface, dorsodistal margin with long plumose setae, ventrodistal margin slightly expanded, ventral surface fully calcified, smooth. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Abdomen (fig. 25E) with somite I wider than long, widest posteriorly, dorsal surface with anterior margin straight, small submarginal decalcified spots anteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave, submarginal row of short setae on elevated ridge, numerous scattered short setae anterior to ridge. Somite II anterior margin convex; without setae; pleura expanded and directed anterolaterally, anterior margin smooth, lateral margins angled anteriorly and rounded posteriorly, anterior and lateral margins with long plumose setae, lateral and posterior margins with submarginal row of short setae. Somite III similar to somite II, but shorter with anterior and posterior margins sinuous; pleura thinner and shorter than those of somite II, directed posterolaterally, with setae as in somite II and additional submarginal row of setae anteriorly, anterolateral angle subacute, dorsal surface obliquely flattened anterolaterally; posterior margins crenulate. Somite IV similar to somite III, but thinner and shorter; with posterior row of pleural setae continuing onto lateral margins; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite III, directed laterally, anterior and posterior margins crenulate, dorsal surface obliquely flattened anterolaterally, margins with long plumose setae. Somite V narrower than somite IV; pleura approximately two­thirds as long as on somite IV, crenulate, directed laterally, with setae as in somite IV. Somite VI subequal to somite V in width but longer, dorsal surface with short oblique rows of setae laterad of midline medially, anterolateral margins with scattered plumose setae, posterior margin with row of long simple setae; pleura absent.

Females unknown, males with small pleopod buds on somites II–V.

Telson of male (fig. 25F) spade­shaped, tapering distally, slightly wider than long, smoothly rounded distally, dorsal surface with three short transverse rows of setae laterad of midline in median third, row of short submarginal setae in anterolateral corners, margins with long plumose setae (inferred

from broken setae). Telson of female unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality and Western Australia, Australia.

MAXIMUM SIZE: Males: 7.2 mm cl; females unknown.

TYPE SPECIMEN: ZMUC 168 (holotype).

TYPE LOCALITY: Sunda Strait, between Sumatra and Java, Indonesia, 06°10̍S, 105°44̍E, 40 m depth.

REMARKS: Both known specimens possess small pleopods, but Efford (1969) made no mention of this character.

Figures

Fig. 24. Leucolepidopa sunda Efford, 1969: A–I, Ƌ, 7.2 mm cl, ZMUC 168, holotype. A. Carapace, branchiostegite, and ocular peduncles, dorsal view. B. Ocular peduncles, dorsal view. C. Left antennule, lateral view. D. Left antenna, lateral view. E. Left mandible, mesial view. F. Left maxilla, lateral view. G. Left maxilliped I, lateral view. H. Left maxilliped II, lateral view. I. Left maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 1.4 mm (B), 1.6 mm (C–H), and 2.2 mm (A, I).

Fig. 25. Leucolepidopa sunda Efford, 1969: A–F, Ƌ, 7.2 mm cl, ZMUC 168, holotype. A. Left pereopod I, lateral view. B. Left pereopod II, lateral view. C. Right pereopod III, lateral view. D. Left pereopod IV, lateral view. E. Abdominal somites I–VI, dorsal view. F. Telson of Ƌ, dorsal view. Scale = 2.1 mm (F) and 2.2 mm (A–E).