Paraleucolepidopa myops ( Stimpson, 1860 ), 2002

BOYKO, CHRISTOPHER B., 2002, A Worldwide Revision Of The Recent And Fossil Sand Crabs Of The Albuneidae Stimpson And Blepharipodidae, New Family (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Hippoidea), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2002 (272), pp. 1-396 : 80-92

Paraleucolepidopa myops ( Stimpson, 1860) ,

new combination

Figures 26 , 27

Lepidops myops Stimpson, 1860: 241–242 *. – Miers, 1878: 333, pl. 5, fig. 16*. – Evans, 1967: 404 (list).

Lepidopa myops: Ortmann, 1896: 226–227 . – Faxon, 1895: 237 (list). – Holmes, 1900: 105 (part). – Rathbun, 1904: 14 (list) (part), 167 (list) (part). – Schmitt, 1921: 172 (part). – Gordon, 1938: 188 (part)*. – Garcia Mendes, 1945: 119 (list). – Haig et al., 1970: 25 (part). – Efford, 1971: 63–70, figs. 1e, p, 2f, 3j, 4d, u, 5q,

6a, d, 7e*. – Luke, 1977: 31. – Haig, 1980: 291, fig. 19.8. – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: table 1. – Lemaitre and Alvarez León, 1993: 50 (list). – Hendrickx, 1992: 7 (list). – Hendrickx and Harvey, 1999: 367 (list).

Lepidopa spp. Knight, 1970: 141 (part).

Lepidopa panamaensis Efford, 1971: 72–74 , figs. 1g, n, 2g, 3l, 4f, v, 5n, 6b, g, q, 7d, m*. – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: table 1 (NEW SYN­ ONYMY).

Lepidopa Myops : Seridji, 1988: 1298.

Paraleucolepidopa panamaensis: Calado, 1995: 264–268 , pl. 85, figs. a–e, pl. 86, figs. a–d. – Calado, 1996: 47. – Calado, 1997b: 60–64, figs. 1, 2. – Hendrickx and Harvey, 1999: 367 (list).

not Lepidopa myops: Holmes, 1900: 105 (part). – Benedict, 1903: 892–893, figs. 1, 4. – Rathbun, 1904: 14 (list) (part), 167 (list) (part). – Baker, 1912: 102. – Schmitt, 1921: 172 (part), pl. 31, fig. 4. – Johnson and Snook, 1927: 346, 348– 349, figs. 296–297. – Gordon, 1938: 188 (part), figs. 1b, 2a, j*. – MacGinitie, 1938: 474. – Johnson and Lewis, 1942: 82, 86, pl. 5, figs. 1– 8. – Ricketts and Calvin, 1948: 188, pl. 38, fig. 4. – MacGinitie and MacGinitie, 1949: 305, fig. 149. – Schuster­Dieterichs, 1956: 51 (list). – Turner and Sexsmith, 1964: 48. – Haig et al., 1970: 25 (part). – Knight, 1970: 127–136, figs. 1–59. – Sanchez and Aguilar, 1975: 10–11. – Turner and Sexsmith, 1975: 46. – Boschi, 1981: 715, fig. 241–54. – Calado, 1995: 185–188, pl. 39, fig. l, pl. 40, fig. j, pl. 41, fig. j, pl. 60, figs. a–c, pl. 61, figs. a–d* (= Lepidopa californica Efford, 1971 ).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Mexico: Baja California Norte: Gorda Point (Gulf side), 14 fms (= 25.6 m), April 24, 1937, coll. W. Williams: 1 oviger, 6.3 mm cl ( USNM 267792); Baja California Sur: Cabo San Lucas, coll. J. Xantus: 1 oviger, 8.9 mm cl, lectotype of L. myops (MCZ 1386) , 1 ♀, 9.2 mm cl, 1 oviger, 9.0 mm cl, paralectotypes of L. myops ( BMNH 61.44), 1 ♀, 7.7 mm cl, paralectotype of L. myops (MNHN­Hi 83 ex USNM ex MCZ), 1 oviger, 9.0 mm cl, paralectotype of L. myops ( ANSP 947 ex USNM); 5 mi northwest of Inocentes Ranch, near Cabo San Lucas, 15–30 fms (= 27.4–54.9 m), Jan. 29, 1939, coll. F. E. Lewis: 1 ♀, 6.8 mm cl ( USNM 304313); Nayarit: Maria Magdalena Island, Tres Marias Islands, off Nayarit, 12 fms (= 21.9 m), Feb. 8, 1938, coll. S. A. Glassell: 1 ♀, 7.4 mm cl ( USNM 304302); Jalisco: Banderas Bay, 25–40 fms (= 45.7– 73.2 m), Feb. 13, 1938, coll. S. A. Glassell: 1 ♀, 6.8 mm cl ( USNM 260975); Oaxaca: Bay of Dulce, 20 fms (= 36.6 m), April 5, 1937, coll. W. Williams and F. E. Lewis on R/V ‘‘Stranger’’: 1 ♀, 8.6 mm cl ( USNM 260976); Bay of Dulce, 20 fms (= 36.6 m), Sept. 5, 1937, coll. W. Williams and F. E. Lewis on R/V ‘‘Stranger’’: 1 unsexable and unmeasurable specimen ( USNM 260977).

Panama: Taboganilla , Aug. 10, 1915, coll. T. Mortensen: 1 ♀, 8.5 mm cl, holotype of L. panamaensis ( ZMUC 169 ) ; southwest point of Ray Islas Perlas , 15–25 m, Jan. 26, 1916, coll. T. Mortensen: 1 ♀, 7.8 mm cl, paratype of L. panamaensis (ZMUC 2636) .

DIAGNOSIS: Rostrum not produced anteriorly as far as anterolateral spines. CG4 with short gap at median. Pereopod III carpal projection approximately as long as broad. Pereopod IV dactylus heel approximately onethird as long as blade.

DESCRIPTION: Carapace (fig. 26A) wider than long. Anterior margin convex on either side of ocular sinus, toothed, with basally broad, distally acute medial spine. Rostrum a rounded, toothed projection reaching beyond median peduncular segments; unarmed. Ocular sinus smoothly concave, toothed; unarmed. Frontal region smooth; setal field a broad, sparsely setose, medially concave band paralleling CG1; extending posterolaterally almost to CG4. CG1 parallel to anterior margin of carapace, sinuous, slightly crenulate, medially concave, medial and lateral elements united. Mesogastric region smooth; CG2 absent; CG3 present as short oblique lateral elements; CG4 with two transverse long lateral elements. Hepatic region smooth with oblique lateral setose groove and short, subacute spine at median of lateral margin. Epibranchial region roughly triangular, smooth; posterolateral margin with four short rows of setae. Metagastric region smooth; CG5 absent. CG6 crenulate, with separate laterally oblique, medially straight, long lateral fragments and long sinuous median element united with CG7. CG7 straight relative to anterior margin of carapace and united with median fragment of CG6. Cardiac region smooth; CG8 present as two long medial elements. CG9 absent. CG10 present as two long oblique elements almost united in median. CG11 absent. Branchial region with few short, transverse rows of setae. Posterior margin deeply and smoothly concave medially and more or less straight laterally, with submarginal groove reaching halfway up posterior concavity, but lined with setae only to posterolateral corners of carapace. Branchiostegite without anterior submarginal spine; anterior region with anterodorsal transverse groove and granular surface; with many long plumose setae; posterior region membranous with numerous irregular fragments and sparsely covered with long plumose setae.

Ocular plate (fig. 26B) subquadrate, covered by carapace; median peduncular segments reduced to small rounded calcified areas anterior to ocular plate. Distal peduncular segments irregularly ovate, angled distolaterally, flattened with medially angled convex lateral and distally convex, proximally concave mesial margins, margins smooth; faint unpigmented notch in median of distal tip present; mesial margins separated along entire length; proximomesial margins with long simple setae.

Antennule (fig. 26C) segment III narrow proximally, expanding distally to two times proximal width; with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins and scattered on lateral surface; dorsal exopodal flagellum with 57–67 articles (n = 4), long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins, short simple setae on distal margins; ventral endopodal flagellum with two articles (n = 5), plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Segment II medially inflated in dorsal view, with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins, and scattered on ventral third of lateral surface. Segment I wider than long, unarmed; lateral surface dorsodistal third rugose, with long plumose setae; scattered long plumose setae on distal and ventral lateral surfaces; long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins.

Antenna (fig. 26D) with segment V approximately two times longer than wide, with short plumose setae on dorsal and distal margins; flagellum with six or seven (rarely eight) articles (n = 7), long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral, and distal margins. Segment IV almost cylindrical, overreaching segment III by one­half of its length, with two rows of long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment III with long plumose setae on distoventral margin and short simple setae in small patch at proximodorsal angle. Segment II widening distally, with long plumose setae in subdorsal row and scattered in medial third of lateral surface; antennal acicle short, triangular, overreaching segment IV proximal margin by one­third of its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment I rounded proximally, flattened and truncated ventrolaterally, with long plumose setae on margins; lateral surface unarmed; scattered setae on dorsal third of lateral surface; segment with ventromesial antennal gland pore.

Mandible (fig. 26E) incisor process with two teeth; cutting edge with one tooth. Palp three­segmented, with plumose setae on margins and long, thick, simple setae arising from bend in second segment.

Maxillule (fig. 26F) distal endite proximally narrow, widening to inflated distal end, with thick simple setae on distal margin and long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Proximal endite with thick simple setae on distal margin. Endopodal external lobe truncate distally and curled under, with wide proximal projection; internal lobe reduced, with one thick seta at distolateral margin.

Maxilla (fig. 26G) exopod rounded with plumose setae along distal margin. Scaphognathite gently rounded on posterior lobe, with plumose setae.

Maxilliped I (fig. 26H) epipod with plumose setae on margins. Endite tapered distally and subequal to first segment of exopod. Exopod with two segments; proximal segment narrow, margins parallel, margins with plumose setae; distal segment spatulate, longer than wide, curved mesially, broadest medially, margins and distolateral half of surface with long plumose setae. Endopod flattened and elongate, reaching to distal end of proximal exopodal segment, with plumose setae on margins.

Maxilliped II (fig. 26I) dactylus evenly rounded, length subequal to width, with thick simple setae distally and thin simple setae in short transverse row on lateral surface. Propodus slightly produced dorsodistally, two times wider than long, with plumose setae on dorsal margin and long simple setae on dorsodistal and ventrodistal margins. Carpus not strongly produced dorsodistally, approximately two times longer than wide, with long simple setae on dorsal margin and short simple setae on dorsodistal, ventrodistal, and medial lateral surface. Merus 2.5 times longer than wide, margins parallel but slightly inflated submedially, with simple setae on ventral margin and scattered on lateral surface, plumose setae on dorsolateral margin. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, with plumose setae on margins and lateral surface. Exopod one­third longer than merus, without flagellum.

Maxilliped III (fig. 26J) dactylus elongate and evenly rounded; long plumose setae on dorsal margin and lateral surface. Propodus with longitudinal median row of plumose setae on lateral surface; distoventral margins with short simple setae. Carpus strongly produced onto propodus, overreaching distal margin of propodus and extending one­half onto dactylus; lateral surface with medial transverse row of plumose setae; plumose setae on margins. Merus unarmed, broadly inflated distolaterally, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin and short simple setae scat­ tered in patches on lateral surface. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, without crista dentata. Exopod two­segmented: proximal segment small; distal segment styliform, tapering, approximately one­fifth length of merus, with plumose setae on margins; without flagellum.

Pereopod I (fig. 27A) dactylus curved and tapering; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsal margin with small rugose area proximally, smooth distally, long plumose setae along length; ventral margin with short simple setae. Propodal lateral surface with numerous short, transverse rows of setose rugae; dorsal margin with few small low ridges and spinules; ventral margin distally produced into subacute spine; cutting edge lacking teeth, lined with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with long plumose setae, ventral margin with short simple setae. Carpus with dorsodistal angle rounded, with numerous setose rugae, dorsal margin smooth, with long plumose setae; lateral surface with few transverse setose ridges; mesial surface smooth with medial transverse row of long plumose setae. Merus unarmed; lateral surface with scattered transverse rows of short plumose setae, margins with long plumose setae; mesial side with few short rows of setae; proximal third of mesial surface with decalcified window. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod II (fig. 27B) dactylus smooth; with base to heel faintly concave, heel produced and rounded, heel to tip with broad rounded indent, tip subacute, tip to base broadly convex; lateral surface smooth, with few small setose punctae proximal to heel; mesial surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae, with patch of long plumose setae at base reaching across median of heel. Propodus with dorsal surface smooth, ventral margin inflated and rounded; distal and ventral margin with long plumose setae; dorsolateral surface as narrow, oblique, flattened shelf, with long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; short transverse row of long plumose setae on surface; mesial surface with subdistal row of long plumose setae. Carpus produced dorsodistally, narrowing to rounded tip, not overreaching propodus; lateral surface nearly smooth, with two irregu­ lar, broken rows of rugae and submarginal elevated ridge ventrally, rugae and ridge with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth with medial transverse row of long plumose setae. Merus with lateral surface almost entirely decalcified, with long plumose setae on dorsodistal and ventral margins; mesial surface nearly smooth with oblique median ridge, long plumose setal patches dorsal to ridge and in row ventrally. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod III (fig. 27C) dactylus base to heel slightly concave, heel low, rounded, and only slightly produced, heel to tip with broad, evenly rounded indent, tip subacute, tip to base smoothly convex; lateral surface smooth, with tuft of short simple setae at end of tip, dorsodistal margin with tufts of short setae; ventral margin with long plumose se­ tae, dorsal margin with short simple and plumose setae; mesial surface smooth with plumose setae proximally at junction with propodus and in row across base of heel. Propodus not inflated dorsoventrally; lateral surface smooth, with simple setae in oblique row subdorsally, and long plumose setae on ventral margin; dorsolateral surface narrow, oblique, flattened; mesial surface with scattered long setae on and near distoventral margin. Carpus strongly produced and inflat­ ed dorsodistally, reaching distal margin of propodus, broadly rounded; dorsolateral margin unarmed; lateral surface with mat of short setae on dorsodistal third of segment and two broken transverse rows of short plumose setae medially; dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, dorsomedial third decalcified, with long plumose setae on margins and in median transverse row ventral to decalcified area. Merus smooth, lateral surface almost entirely decalcified; dorsal and ventral margins unarmed, long plumose setae dorsodistally; mesial surface smooth. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed. Female pereopod III with large mesioproximal gonopore (not opposing other gonopore); male unknown.

Pereopod IV (fig. 27D) dactylus with base to heel straight, heel acute and produced, heel to tip broadly rounded and concave, tip acute, tip to base convex; lateral surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short and long simple setae; mesial surface with dorsal decalcified region, demarcated ventrally by longitudinal elevated ridge across heel with row of short plumose setae. Propodus expanded dorsally and ventrally; ventral expansion reaching ventral margin of dactylus, ventral margin with long plumose setae; dorsal expansion with row of long plumose setae dorsally and short simple setae ventrally; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth. Carpus slightly produced dorsodistally; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsomedial two­thirds of mesial surface decalcified; dorsal margin with few scattered, short setae at dorsodistal angle; dorsal margin with long plumose setae, ventral margin with few short, simple setae. Merus lateral surface with short transverse rows of setae, dorsodistal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface with large decalcified window proximoventrally. Basisischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Abdomen (fig. 27E) somite I wider than long, widest posteriorly; dorsal surface with anterior margin medially slightly concave; posterior margin concave, with elevated submarginal curved row of short setae and broad field of short simple setae anterior to submarginal row; with small faint transverse decalcified windows laterad of segment medi­ an. Somite II anterior margin irregularly convex, posterior margin irregularly concave; pleura expanded and directed anterolaterally, angled anterolaterally, rounded posterolaterally, row of short simple setae at posteromesial margin, extending onto posterolateral region of pleura; anterior and lateral margins with long plumose setae, posterior margin with short setae. Somite III similar to somite II, narrower and shorter; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite II, directed posterolaterally proximally and curving forward distally, with setae as in somite II; anterolateral angle subacute; dorsal surface slightly obliquely flattened anterolaterally, with submarginal row of short simple setae. Somite IV similar to somite III; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite III, directed anterolaterally; dorsal surface slightly obliquely flattened anterolaterally, with submarginal row of short simple setae; lateral margins with long plumose setae, short simple setae on anterior margin and in posterior submarginal row. Somite V wider than somite IV; anterolateral margins with submarginal tufts of long plumose setae; pleura indistinct from somite, shorter than in somite IV, thin, flattened, directed anterolaterally, and covered with short plumose setae. Somite VI subequal to somite V; dorsal surface with two short transverse rows of setae laterad of midline anteriorly, posterior margin with medially separated row of plumose setae; pleura absent.

Female with long uniramous pleopods on somites II–V; male unknown.

Telson of male unknown. Telson of female (fig. 27F) heart­shaped, lateral margins evenly convex and tapering to rounded distal tip; dorsal surface evenly calcified; median longitudinal groove with two parallel transverse rows of short simple setae in medial twothirds; margins with long simple setae.

DISTRIBUTION: Baja California Norte (Gulf side) south to Panama, in 15–73.2 m depth.

MAXIMUM SIZE: Males: unknown; females: 9.2 mm cl.

TYPE SPECIMENS: MCZ 1386 (lectotype of L. myops , selected by Efford, 1971), BMNH 61.44 (2 paralectotypes of L. myops ), MNHN­Hi 83 (paralectotype of L. myops ), ANSP 947 (paralectotype of L. myops ), ZMUC 169 (holotype of L. panamaensis ), ZMUC 2636 (paratype of L. panamaensis ).

TYPE LOCALITIES: P. myops : Cabo San Lucas , Baja California Sur, Mexico ; P. panamaensis: Taboganilla , Panama.

REMARKS: Type specimens of P. myops would be present in USNM had most of the Stimpson’s Crustacea not been destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The paralectotype now in MNHN was sent from USNM by Stimpson in June 1858, while the BMNH specimens were also sent by Stimpson, but in January 1861 (Deiss and Manning, 1981). The Harvard specimen also came from USNM in 1861 (Deiss and Manning, 1981). It is unknown how the ANSP specimen came to be in that institution. USNM now has no types of this species in its collections.

The lack of an illustration accompanying the original description of this species ( Stimpson, 1860) probably contributed to the long­standing confusion between it and L. californica . Stimpson (1860) did, however, clearly mention the anterior margin of the carapace as ‘‘armed with small teeth,’’ which is not true of L. californica and should have served to distinguish the two taxa in spite of the brevity of Stimpson’s (1860) description.

As noted by Efford (1971), Schmitt’s (1921) citation of the measurements of a ‘‘type’’ specimen for L. myops was only a repetition of Stimpson’s (1860) measurement, not a lectotype designation.

Direct comparison of the type specimens of L. panamaensis and numerous specimens of P. myops showed no important differences and the two taxa are synonymous. The differences cited between the two species by Efford (1971), such as number of anterior marginal teeth, broken anterolateral setal line, and number of antennal flagella, are variable in the species. Lepidopa myops is therefore the type of Paraleucolepidopa as the senior synonym of L. panamaensis . Calado (1995) did not recognize the synonymy of P. myops and P. panamaensis , undoubtedly because her only specimens of P. ‘‘ myops ’’ ( BMNH 1937.6.1.4–5) were actually L. californica .

There is little doubt that at least some of the larvae cited by Knight (1970) under ‘‘ Lepidopa spp. ’’ represent this taxon. The identity of the other larval species is unclear (see appendix 1).

This species is the Pacific analogue of P. distincta .

Paraleucolepidopa distincta ( Gomes Corrêa, 1968) , new combination Figures 28 , 29

Lepidopa ‘‘que se encontra em estudo’’ Castro, 1967: 2.

Lepidopa distincta Gomes Corrêa, 1968: 77–84 , figs. 1–16*. – Efford, 1971: 70–72 (part), figs. 3k, 5c, 7f*. – Coêlho and Ramos, 1972: 176. – Calado, 1987: 121–129, pls. 13–15. – Coêlho and Calado, 1987: table 1. – Manning, 1988: 626–627 (list). – Calado et al., 1990: 749, fig. 3c. – Calado, 1995: 159–162, pl. 39, fig. f, pl. 40, fig. f, pl. 41, fig. e, pl. 50, figs. a–e, pl. 51, figs. a–f. – Calado, 1998: 408.

?not Lepidopa distincta: Efford, 1971: 70–72 (part), fig. 7n* (= Paraleucolepidopa , sp. nov.?).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: Dominican Republic: Outside Yuncu Reef, off Point Trujillo, Aug. 18, 1932, coll. J. C. Armstrong: 1 ♀, 4.9 mm cl ( AMNH 10362), 1 ♀, 8.3 mm cl ( USNM 122635 ex AMNH 10362), 1 Ƌ, 4.3 mm cl ( BMNH 1968.55 ex AMNH 10362), 1 Ƌ, 6.3 mm cl ( RMNH 23986 ex AMNH 10362).

Brazil: Alagoas, 09°53̍20̎S, 35°51̍20̎W, 14 m, Sept. 6, 1965, coll. P. A. Coêlho: 1 Ƌ, 5.6 mm cl, 2 ♀, 7.5–7.7 mm cl, syntypes ( MNRJ 6473 ) ; Alagoas, 10°05̍20̎S, 36°02̍15̎W, 10–20 m, Sept. 4, 1965, coll. P. A. Coêlho: 1 ♀, 6.4 mm, syntype ( MNRJ 1552 ) .

DIAGNOSIS: Rostrum produced anteriorly as far as anterolateral spines. CG4 with wide gap at median. Pereopod III carpal projection much longer than broad. Pereopod IV dactylus heel approximately half as long as blade.

DESCRIPTION: Carapace (fig. 28A) wider than long. Anterior margin slightly convex on either side of ocular sinus, finely toothed, with basally broad, distally acute medial spine. Rostrum as rounded, finely crenulate projection reaching to proximal margin of distal peduncular segments; unarmed. Ocular sinus smoothly concave, finely toothed; unarmed. Frontal region smooth; setal field as broad, sparsely setose, medially concave band paralleling CG1; extending posterolaterally almost to CG4. CG1 parallel to anterior margin of carapace, sinuous, slightly crenulate, medially concave, medial and lateral elements united. Mesogastric region smooth; CG2 absent; CG3 present as short transverse lateral elements; CG4 with two transverse, long lateral elements and two to four short, posteriorly displaced medial elements. Hepatic region smooth with oblique lateral, setose groove and short, subacute spine at midpoint of lateral margin. Epibranchial region generally triangular, smooth; posterolateral margin with four short rows of setae. Metagastric region smooth; CG5 absent. CG6 crenulate, with separate laterally oblique, medially straight, long lateral fragments and long sinuous median element unit­ ed with CG7. CG7 straight relative to anterior margin of carapace and united with median fragment of CG6. Cardiac region smooth; CG8 present as two long medial elements. CGs 9–11 absent. Branchial region with few short, transverse rows of setae. Posterior margin deeply and evenly concave, with submarginal groove reaching threefourths way up posterior concavity, but lined with setae only to posterolateral corners of carapace. Branchiostegite without anterior submarginal spine; anterior region with anterodorsal transverse groove and granular surface, with many long plumose setae; posterior region membranous, with numerous irregular fragments and sparsely covered with long plumose setae.

Ocular plate (fig. 28B) subquadrate, covered by carapace; median peduncular segments reduced to small rounded calcified areas anterior to ocular plate. Distal peduncular segments irregularly ovate, angled distolaterally, flattened with proximally convex and distally concave lateral margins and proximally concave, distally convex mesial margins, margins smooth; long longitudinal faintly pigmented streak slightly lateral to median line present; mesial margins separat­ ed along entire length; distal mesial and lateral margins with long simple setae.

Antennule (fig. 28C) segment III narrow proximally, expanding distally to three times proximal width; with plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins and scattered on lateral surface; dorsal exopodal flagellum with 52–63 articles (n = 4), long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins, short simple setae on distal margins; ventral endopodal flagellum with two articles (n = 5), plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins. Segment II medially inflated in dorsal view, with long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins, short plumose setae scattered on medial third of lateral surface. Segment I longer than wide, armed with acute small spine on dorsodistal margin; dorsodistal one­fifth of lateral surface rugose, with long plumose setae; scattered long plumose setae on distal and ventrolateral surfaces; long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins.

Antenna (fig. 28D) with segment V approximately two times longer than wide, with short plumose setae on dorsal and distal margins; flagellum with seven or eight articles (n = 6), long plumose setae on dorsal, ventral, and distal margins. Segment IV almost cylindrical, overreaching segment III by one­third of its length, with two rows of long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment III with long plumose setae on distoventral margin. Segment II widening distally, with long plumose setae in subdorsal row and scattered in medial third of lateral surface; antennal acicle short, triangular, overreaching segment IV proximal margin by one­third of its length, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Segment I rounded proximally, flattened and truncated ventrolaterally, with long plumose setae on margins; lateral surface with small acute spine on mediodorsal margin; scattered setae on dorsal fifth of lateral surface; segment with ventromesial antennal gland pore.

Mandible (fig. 28E) incisor process with two teeth; cutting edge with one tooth. Palp three­segmented, with plumose setae on margins and long, thick, simple setae arising from bend in second segment.

Maxillule (fig. 28F) distal endite proximally narrow, widening to inflated distal end, with thick simple setae on distal margin and long plumose setae on dorsal margin. Proximal endite with thick simple setae on distal margin. Endopodal external lobe truncate distally and curled under, with wide proximal projection; internal lobe reduced, with four thick setae at distolateral margin.

Maxilla (fig. 28G) exopod rounded, with plumose setae along distal margin. Scaphognathite gently rounded on posterior lobe, with plumose setae.

Maxilliped I (fig. 28H) epipod with plumose setae on margins. Endite tapered distally and subequal to first segment of exopod. Exopod with two segments; proximal segment narrow, margins parallel, margins with plumose setae; distal segment spatulate, longer than wide, curved mesially, broadest medially, margins and distal half of surface with long plumose setae. Endopod flattened and elongate, reaching to distal end of proximal exopodal segment, with plumose setae on margins.

Maxilliped II (fig. 28I) dactylus evenly rounded, longer than wide, with thick simple setae on distal margins and thin simple setae in short transverse row on lateral surface. Propodus slightly produced dorsodistally, two times wider than long, with plumose setae on dorsal margin and long simple setae on dorsodistal and ventrodistal margins. Carpus not strongly produced dorsodistally, approximately two times longer than wide, with long simple setae on dorsal margin and short simple setae on dorsodistal and mediolateral surfaces. Merus 2.5 times longer than wide, margins parallel but slightly inflated submedially, with simple setae on ventral margin and scattered in short rows on lateral surface, plumose setae on dorsolateral margin. Basisischium incompletely fused, with plumose setae on margins and lateral surface. Exopod one­third longer than merus, without flagellum.

Maxilliped III (fig. 28J) dactylus elongate and evenly rounded; long plumose setae on dorsal margin and in subdorsal row on lateral surface. Propodus with longitudinal median row of plumose setae on lateral surface; distoventral margin with short simple setae. Carpus strongly produced onto propodus, overreaching distal margin of propodus and extending one­third onto dactylus; lateral surface with medial transverse row of long plumose setae; long plumose setae on margins. Merus unarmed, broadly inflated distolaterally, with long plumose setae on dorsal margin and short simple setae in short rows on lateral surface and ventral margin. Basisischium incompletely fused, without crista dentata. Exopod two­segmented; proximal segment small; distal segment styliform, tapering, approximately one­third length of merus, with plumose setae on margins; without flagellum.

Pereopod I (fig. 29A) dactylus curved and tapering; lateral surface smooth, with proximal submarginal setose groove, mesial surface smooth; dorsal margin with low rounded teeth on proximal three­fourths, smooth distally, long plumose setae along length; ventral margin with short simple setae. Propodal lateral surface with numerous short, transverse rows of setose rugae; dorsal margin with few small low ridges and distal spinules; ventral margin distally produced into subacute spine; cutting edge lacking teeth, lined with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with long plumose setae, ventral margin with short simple setae. Carpus with dorsodistal angle rounded, with several small rounded spines and numerous setose rugae, dorsal margin smooth, with long plumose setae; lateral surface with few transverse, setose ridges; mesial surface smooth, with medial transverse row of long plumose setae. Merus unarmed; lateral surface with scattered transverse rows of short plumose setae, dorsal margin with long plumose setae, ventral margin with short plumose setae; mesial surface with few scattered setae; proximal half of mesial surface with decalcified window. Basis­ischium incompletely fused, unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod II (fig. 29B) dactylus smooth; base to heel straight, heel produced and rounded with lateral submarginal row of long plumose setae, heel to tip with broad rounded indent, tip subacute, tip to base broadly convex; lateral surface smooth; mesial surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple setae, with patch of long plumose setae at base reaching across median of heel. Propodus with dorsal surface smooth, ventral margin inflated and rounded; distal and ventral margin with long plumose setae; dorsolateral surface as narrow, oblique, flattened shelf, with long plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margins; short transverse row of long plumose setae on surface; mesial surface with subdistal row of long plumose setae. Carpus produced dorsodistally, narrowing to rounded tip, not overreaching propodus; lat­ eral surface nearly smooth, with two irregular, broken rows of rugae and submarginal elevated ridge ventrally, rugae and ridge with long plumose setae; dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth with medial oblique and distal rows of long plumose setae. Merus with lateral surface almost entirely decalcified, with long plumose setae on dorsodistal margin and short plumose setae on ventral margin; mesial surface nearly smooth, with faint oblique median ridge, long plumose setae patches in row ventrally. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Pereopod III (fig. 29C) dactylus base to heel slightly concave, heel low, rounded, and only slightly produced, heel to tip with broad, evenly rounded indent, tip subacute, tip to base smoothly convex; lateral surface smooth, with tuft of short simple setae at base of heel and end of tip, dorsodistal margin with tufts of short setae; ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short simple and plumose setae; mesial surface smooth with plumose setae proximally at junction with propodus and in row across base of heel. Propodus not inflated dorsoventrally; lateral surface smooth, with simple setae in oblique row subdorsally, and long plumose setae on ventral margin; dorsolateral surface narrow, oblique, flattened; mesial surface with scattered long setae on and near distoventral margin. Carpus strongly produced and inflated dorsodistally, overreaching distal margin of propodus, broadly rounded; dorsolateral margin unarmed; lateral surface with mat of short setae on dorsodistal half of segment and two broken transverse rows of short plumose setae medially; dorsal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface smooth, dorsomedial third decalcified, with long plumose setae on margins. Merus smooth, lateral surface almost entirely decalcified; dorsal and ventral margins unarmed, long plumose setae dorsodistally and ventrally; mesial surface smooth. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed. Female pereopod III with large mesioproximal gonopore (not opposing other gonopore); male with similar but smaller pore.

Pereopod IV (fig. 29D) dactylus with base to heel slightly concave, heel acute and produced, heel to tip broadly rounded and concave, tip acute, tip to base convex; lateral surface smooth, ventral margin with long plumose setae, dorsal margin with short and long simple setae; mesial surface with dorsal decalcified region, demarcated ventrally by longitudinal elevated ridge across heel, with row of short plumose setae. Propodus expanded dorsally and ventrally; ventral expansion reaching ventral margin of dactylus, ventral margin with long plumose setae; dorsal expansion with row of long plumose setae dorsally and mat of short simple setae ventrally; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth. Carpus slightly produced dorsodistally; lateral and mesial surfaces smooth; dorsomedial two­thirds of mesial surface decalcified; dorsal margin with long plumose setae, ventral margin with few short simple setae. Merus lateral surface with few short transverse rows of setae, dorsodistal margin with long plumose setae; mesial surface with large decal­ cified window proximoventrally. Basis­ischium incompletely fused and unarmed. Coxa unarmed.

Abdomen (fig. 29E) somite I wider than long, widest posteriorly; dorsal surface with anterior margin medially slightly concave; posterior margin concave, with elevated submarginal curved row of short setae and broad field of short simple setae anterior to submarginal row; small faint transverse decalcified windows laterad of segment median. Somite II anterior margin irregularly convex, posterior margin irregularly concave; pleura expanded and directed anterolaterally, angled anterolaterally, rounded posterolaterally; anterior and lateral margins with long plumose setae, posterior margin with short setae. Somite III similar to somite II, narrower and shorter; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite II, directed anterolaterally, with setae as in somite II; anterolateral angle subacute; dorsal surface slightly obliquely flattened anterolaterally, with submarginal row of short simple setae. Somite IV similar to somite III, with short rows of simple setae on either side of medial posterior margin; pleura thinner and shorter than on somite III, directed anterolaterally; dorsal surface slightly obliquely flattened anterolaterally, with submarginal row of short simple setae; lateral margins with long plumose setae, short simple setae on anterior margin and in posterior submarginal row. Somite V wider than somite IV; anterolateral margins with submarginal tufts of long plumose setae, two short rows of simple setae medially on either side of median line and on posterior margin; pleura distinct from somite, shorter than in somite IV, thin, flattened, directed anterolaterally and covered with short plumose setae. Somite VI narrower than somite V; dorsal surface with two short transverse rows of setae laterad of midline anteriorly; pleura absent.

Female with long uniramous pleopods on somites II–V; male with tiny pleopods.

Telson of male (fig. 29F) diamond­shaped, weakly calcified; mediolateral margins produced and rounded, distal tip rounded; anterolateral corners with few short simple setae, lateral margins with long simple setae; median longitudinal groove with short rows of few short, simple setae in medial twothirds. Telson of female (fig. 29G) similar to male but with rounded mediolateral margins, dorsal surface evenly and weakly calcified; median longitudinal groove with two parallel transverse rows of short simple setae in medial two­thirds, curving laterally in proximal one­fourth of groove; anterolateral angles with few short, simple setae, margins with long simple setae.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Dominican Republic, Pernambuco and Alagoas, Brazil ( Calado, 1987), in 1.4–48.0 m depth ( Calado, 1987).

MAXIMUM SIZE: Males: 6.3 mm cl; females: 7.7 mm cl.

TYPE SPECIMENS: MNRJ 6473 (3 syntypes), MNRJ 1552 (1 syntype), repository of one additional syntype unknown.

TYPE LOCALITIES: Alagoas, 09°53̍20̎S, 35°51̍20̎W, Brazil, 14 m ; Alagoas, 10°05̍20̎S, 36°02̍15̎W, Brazil, 10–20 m ; Ilha do Pai, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .

REMARKS: Calado (1995, 1996, 1997b) did not recognize that this taxon was congeneric with her type species of Paraleucolepidopa , although she examined a large number of specimens of P. distincta from Brazil ( Calado, 1987, 1995). The drawings of Calado (1987: figs. 13, 14c, d) contain errors in the placement of the carapace grooves, which are different in the two figures of the carapace (figs. 13, 14c), and in the incomplete suture between segments III and IV of the antenna (fig. 14d).

One specimen ( AMNH 10363) cited by Efford (1971; AMNH 10361) as being this species is actually quite different in numerous aspects of the CGs, and it may represent an undescribed species of Paraleucolepidopa . Unfortunately, this specimen is badly damaged on the front of the carapace, and a description of this possible new species must wait until more material is available.

This species is the Atlantic analogue of P. myops .

Figures

Fig. 26. Paraleucolepidopa myops (Stimpson, 1860), n. comb.: A, B, oviger, 8.9 mm cl, MCZ 1386, lectotype; C–J, ♀, 6.8 mm cl, USNM 304313. A. Carapace, branchiostegite, and ocular peduncles, dorsal view. B. Ocular peduncles, dorsal view. C. Left antennule, lateral view. D. Left antenna, lateral view. E. Left mandible, mesial view. F. Left maxillule, lateral view. G. Left maxilla, lateral view. H. Left maxilliped I, lateral view. I. Left maxilliped II, lateral view. J. Left maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 1.1 mm (F), 1.6 mm (C, E, I), 2.2 mm (B, D, G, H, J), and 3.3 mm (A).

Fig. 27. Paraleucolepidopa myops (Stimpson, 1860), n. comb.: A, B, D–F, ♀, 6.8 mm cl, USNM 304313; C, oviger, 8.9 mm cl, MCZ 1386, lectotype. A. Left pereopod I, lateral view. B. Left pereopod II, lateral view. C. Left pereopod III, lateral view. D. Left pereopod IV, lateral view. E. Abdominal somites I–VI, dorsal view. F. Telson ♀, dorsal view. Scale = 1.4 mm (F), 2.2 mm (A, B, D), and 4.4 mm (C, E).

Fig. 28. Paraleucolepidopa distincta (Gomes Corrêa, 1968), n. comb.: A, B, J, ♀, 6.4 mm cl, MNRJ 1552, syntype; B–I, ♀, 8.3 mm cl, USNM 122635. A. Carapace, branchiostegite, and ocular peduncles, dorsal view. B. Ocular peduncles, dorsal view. C. Left antennule, lateral view. D. Left antenna, lateral view. E. Left mandible, mesial view. F. Left maxillule, lateral view. G. Right maxilla, lateral view. H. Left maxilliped I, lateral view. I. Left maxilliped II, lateral view. J. Right maxilliped III, lateral view. Scale = 1.4 mm (B, F), 1.6 mm (E, I), 1.7 mm (J), 2.2 mm (C, D, G, H), and 5.0 mm (A).

Fig. 29. Paraleucolepidopa distincta (Gomes Corrêa, 1968), n. comb.: A–D, G, ♀, 6.4 mm cl, MNRJ 1552, syntype; E, ♀, 8.3 mm cl, USNM 122635; F, Ƌ, 5.6 mm cl, MNRJ 6473, syntype. A. Left pereopod I, lateral view. B. Right pereopod II, lateral view. C. Left pereopod III, lateral view. D. Left pereopod IV, lateral view. E. Abdominal somites I–VI, dorsal view. F. Telson of Ƌ, dorsal view. G. Telson of ♀, dorsal view. Scale = 0.8 mm (F), 1.1 mm (G), 2.2 mm (A–D), and 3.3 mm (E).