Indopolystoma elongatum n. gen. n. sp., 2019
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1051/parasite/2019067 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71763E07-E6BC-4FB7-94B0-03132D46FFAF |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13858529 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A11B8782-FF8D-FFF6-2559-2444D0598BE1 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Indopolystoma elongatum n. gen. n. sp. |
| status |
gen. nov. |
Indopolystoma elongatum n. gen. n. sp. View in CoL
( Figs. 5 View Figure 5 and 6 View Figure 6 ; Table 4 View Table 4 )
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EDFE29A4-9B26-4A25-A92ABB3CF106D4EC
Synonym: Polystoma sp. of Badets et al. [ 2] and Héritier et al. [ 22].
Type-host: Rhacophorus arboreus (Okada & Kawano) . Now Zhangixalus arboreus (Okada and Kawano) [ 21, 27].
Site: Bladder.
Type-locality: Upstream of Kunigami-gun, city of Nago, Okinawa prefecture, Japan.
Other localities: Sado Island, Niigata prefecture, Japan.
Collector: Professor Hideo Hasegawa, Department of Biology, Oita Medical University, Hasama, Oita 879-5593, Japan .
Type-specimens: Holotype ( MNHN HEL1184 About MNHN ) and 2 paratypes ( MNHN HEL1185 About MNHN – HEL1186 About MNHN ) deposited in the Parasite Collection, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France.
Etymology: The species name elongatum refers to its general body shape, which is elongate.
Description
Description based on three flattened specimens stained in carmine and mounted in Canada balsam. Body elongate, tapered anteriorly, total length 14,791 (12,847 –14,878), including haptor; greatest width 3182 (3170–3270); width at vagina 1967 (1902–2031). Tegument smooth. Haptor sub-rectangular, 916 (734–1098) long, 1661 (1512–1810) wide. Haptor/total body length ratio 0.06 (0.05–0.07). Suckers 420 (380–459) in diameter. Hamuli 407 (303–419) long; with hook 78.5 (72–85) long ( Fig. 6A–A View Figure 6 ’’’). Marginal hooklet C1 36 long; C2–C8 23 (18–32) long ( Fig. 6B–B View Figure 6 ’’). Mouth ventral, sub-terminal and surrounded by false oral sucker; false oral sucker 551 (528–573) wide. Pharynx pyriform, 237 (227–247) long, 259 (256–268) wide. Oesophagus not visible. Intestine bifurcate with medial diverticula highly branched giving rise to prehaptoral anastomoses (up to two). Testis not visible hidden by the digestive tract and vitellaria. Seminal vesicle prominent and packed with sperm. Genital bulb slightly sclerotized, medio-ventral, 139 (129–211) in diameter, with eight sclerotized genital spines; genital spines 41 (38–44) long. Ovary prominent, submedian and packed with oocytes; ovary 1072 (1062–1108) long, 520 (514–563) wide. Ootype well developed. Genito-intestinal canal present on same side of body as ovary, joining intestinal caecum posterior to ovary. Uterus confined to area anterior to ovary holding one egg; egg 240 (224–256) long, 118 (106–130) wide. No intrauterine development of eggs observed ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ).
Differential diagnosis
Indopolystoma elongatum is well characterized by its body size and shape. This species is much bigger and more elongated (body length 14,791 µm) than any other species of Indopolystoma , though there is an overlap of size values with I. indicum . Indopolystoma elongatum can be easily distinguished from the later by the number of intrauterine eggs. None of the specimens of I. elongatum have more than a single egg in utero while I. indicum has as many as 40.
Remarks: Zhangixalus arboreus hosts two polystomes, namely I. elongatum and I. rhacophori (see below), which is uncommon within anuran polystomes. However, Z. arboreus and Z. schlegelii occur sympatrically in Japan [ 1]. The possibility of a misidentification can thus not be excluded especially since molecular evidence on host identity is currently not available. We consider for now that both I. elongatum and I. rhacophori are separate species primarily on the basis of body length and haptor/total body length ratio (0.06 for I. elongatum vs. 0.18 for I. rhacophori ).
Table 4. Body measurements of Indopolystoma spp.
| Parasite species | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma | Indopolystoma |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| viridi n. sp. | elongatum n. sp. | parvum n. sp. | carvirostris | hakgalense | indicum | leucomystax | mutus n. comb. | pingbianensis | rhacophori | zuoi | |
| n. comb. | n. comb. | n. comb. | n. comb. | n. comb. | n. comb. | n. comb. | |||||
| Host species | Zhangixalus | Zhangixalus arboreus Zhangixalus | Kurixalus bisacculus | Taruga | Rhacophorus | Polypedates | Polypedates | Zhangixalus | Zhangixalus | Feihyla | |
| viridis | omeimontis | or Kurixalus | eques | nigropalmatus | leucomystax | mutus | dugritei | arboreus | palpebralis | ||
| verrucosus | |||||||||||
| Site | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder | Bladder |
| Locality | Japan | Japan | China | China | Sri Lanka | India | China | China | China | Japan | China |
| Number of mature specimens | 15 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 6–7 | – | 3 |
| Body length | 8550 | 14,791 | 4714 | 5070 | (3870–9230) | 12,556 | 7568 | 7338 | 9428 | (4500–6000) | 2716 (1624–3533) |
| (5532–11,907) | (12,847–14,878) | (4536–4891) | (4030–7790) | (6732–16,614) | (6665–8514) | (6875–7800) | (6000–12,000) | ||||
| Greatest width | 2112 (1534–2859) | 3182 (3170–3270) | 1916 (1701–2130) | 1130 (810–1400) | (890–1790) | 4164 (2222–5641) | 2732 (2542–3311) | 3063 (2550–3575) 1990 (1640–2390) (1000–1900) | 1280 (1202–1904) | ||
| Width at vagina | 1481 (1175–1800) | 1967 (1902–2031) | 1402 (1279–1525) | 830 | – | 2057 (1197–2622) | – | – | 1572 | – | – |
| Haptor length | 773 (526–1354) | 916 (734–1098) | 667 (584–749) | 680 (500–750) | (635–794) | 1298 (977–1710) | 824 (753–989) | 913 (875–950) | 869 (424–1253) | (800–1100) | 701 (632–924) |
| Haptor width | 1184 (588–1592) | 1661 (1512–1810) | 1258 (1022–1494) | 890 (640–1500) | (1016–1509) | 2104 (1584–2466) | 1693 (1355–2040) | 1650 (1425–1875) 784 (415–1374) | (1100–1600) | 1063 (831–1317) | |
| False oral sucker | 394 (266–465) | 551 (528–573) | 395 (358–431) | – | (189–402) | 466 (236–574) | 392 (194–424) | 388 (275–500) | – | – | – |
| width | |||||||||||
| Pharynx length | 210 (124–268) | 237 (227–247) | 191 (187–194) | – | – | 291 (164–395) | 252 (219–286) | 245 (210–280) | 253 (218–328) | (188–240) | 164 |
| Pharynx width | 209 (164–244) | 259 (256–268) | 190 (174–205) | – | (135–197) | 249 (164–349) | 216 (194–246) | 235 (200–270) | 229 (189–252) | (188–220) | 151 |
| Ovary length | 775 (577–925) | 1072 (1062–1108) | 545 (483–606) | 497 | (492–874) | 1049 (504–1368) | 608 (451–683) | 588 (550–625) | 711.5 (453–927) | (420–630) | 369 (329–400) |
| Ovary width | 401 (286–536) | 520 (514–563) | 269 (231–306) | 390 | (207–349) | 499 (288–630) | 259 (191–294) | 400 (375–425) | – | (210–340) | – |
| Length of eggs | 241 (191–268) | 240 (224–256) | 221 (219–222) | – | – | 205 (190–214) | – | – | 307 | (238–300) | – |
| Width of eggs | 125 (74–165) | 118 (106–130) | 103 (93–113) | – | – | 132 (125–140) | – | – | 165 | (140–163) | – |
| Number of | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | – | up to 40 | 0 | 0 | 1–8 | Usually 1 but | 0 |
| intra-uterine eggs | sometimes | ||||||||||
| more than 10 | |||||||||||
| Genital bulb width | 105 (67–124) | 139 (129–211) | 83 (75–90) | – | – | – | (69–76) | – | – | – | – |
| Number of genital | 8–9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | – | 8 | 8 | 9 | – | 8 | 8 |
| spines | |||||||||||
| Length of genital | 40 (27–49) | 41 (38–44) | 17 (16–18) | – | – | 39 (38–40) | – | 39 (38–40) | – | 42 | – |
| spine | |||||||||||
| Haptoral sucker | 333 (242–423) | 420 (380–459) | 335 (281–389) | 259 (212–339) | (250–320) | 353 (264–465) | 289 (207–356) | 310 (270–350) | 434 (349–491) | (320–400) | 251 (209–311) |
| width | |||||||||||
| Hamulus handle length | 313 (276–373) | 407 (303–419) | 326 (311–340) | 285 (257–326) | (380–440) | 320 (178–414) | 332 (260–410) | 340 (330–350) | 408 (332–441) | (350–420) | 240 (185–307) |
| Hamulus guard length | – | – | – | 249 (208–306) | – | – | – | 290 (280–300) | 382 (340–461) | – | 205 (173–265) |
| Hamulus hook length | 66 (48–74) | 78.5 (72–85) | 52 (39–64) | – | – | – | – | 40 (38–43) | – | – | – |
| Marginal hooklet length | – | – | – | (16–18) only on suckers | (20.5–36.9) C1–C2 | – | – | – | – | (24–42) | – |
| Marginal hooklet | 40 (31–44) | 36 | 32 | – | – | – | – | – | – | (38–42) | – |
| C1 length | |||||||||||
| Marginal hooklet | 21.5 (16–31) | 23 (18–32) | (19–20) | – | – | – | – | – | – | (24–27) | – |
| C2–C8 length | |||||||||||
| Haptoral length/Body length | 0.09 (0.05–0.17) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 0.14 (0.12–0.165) | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 0.26 |
| Number of anastomoses | 0 | >1 | 1 | >1 | >1 | 1–2 | >1 | >1 | 0–1 | >1 | 3–4 |
Note. To the exception of the newly described species, body measurements for all other species were extracted or estimated from Crusz and Ching [ 12], Diengdoh and Tandon [ 13], Fan et al. [ 19, 20], Meng et al. [ 33], Shen et al. [ 40], Yamaguti [ 53] and Zhang and Long [ 54].
“–” means data missing.
| MNHN |
Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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