Caenota cudonis, Shackleton, M. E. & Webb, J. M., 2015

Shackleton, M. E. & Webb, J. M., 2015, Revision of the genus Caenota Mosely (Trichoptera: Calocidae), with descriptions of 2 new species and the larva of C. nemorosa Neboiss, Zootaxa 3972 (4), pp. 451-481 : 471-475

Caenota cudonis sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F18F39A2-1212-4944-81A2-3C625341B21A Figs 25–45

Diagnosis. Caenota cudonis is unique among the species of this genus in that the male anterior antennal process is very large, with a fringe of dark setae on the dorsum of its anterior 1/3rd, and the male maxillary palpi each have the anterior margin of segment II rounded, with a dense fringe of dark setae. The genital structures of the males of C. cudonis share similarities with those of C. plicata , C. equustagna sp. nov. and C. simulans , with the presence of a large pair of lobes associated with the phallocrypt, and the inferior appendages having a similar shape. However, in this species each inferior appendage has a broad dorsal projection as opposed to the more slender projections of C. equustagna sp. nov. and C. simulans . Lobes associated with the male phallocrypt are also present in C. galeata but are much smaller. Females of C. cudonis can be distinguished from other Caenota species by the broad, rectangular setal patch of sternite VIII as well as the 2 pairs of intricate, sclerotised folds on the ventrolateral margins of this same segment. Of the four species for which the larvae are known, the larva of C. cudonis differ from that of C. nemorosa in having setae 6 positioned at the posterolateral corners of the anterior section of the frontoclypeus rather than mid-way along the lateral margins of this section. The larva of C. cudonis differs from C. equustagna sp. nov. in having only a single seta on the dorsal margin of each foretrochantin and from both C.

equustagna and C. plicata in that the lateral margins of the anterior section of the frontoclypeus do not strongly converge anteriorly.

Description. Male. Length of each forewing 8–12 mm, n=13. Head ( Figs 25 and 27 ) with dorsum depressed anteriorly, capsule relatively short and wide, width about twice length; eyes positioned anteriorly on lateral margins; postocular setal warts present, wider dorsally, tapering ventrally; small pair of setal warts on anterior margin of head capsule just above maxillary palpi, translucent, raised; no other setal warts present on head. Antennae slightly shorter than forewings, banded by darker setae on base of each segment of flagella; anterior antennal processes large, broad, tapering anteriorly, each with dense fringe of long dark setae on dorsum of anterior 1/3rd, inner surface concave, opposing inner margins of each pair not quite abutting, diverging anteriorly; posterior antennal processes each with anterior margin projecting forward as far as distal margin of pedicel, dense long dark setae on dorsum anteriorly, sparse setae elsewhere, inner surface concave, small semicircular process arising from posterior margin of each antennal scape medial to posterior antennal process. Maxillary palpi ( Fig. 26 ) each 5- segmented; segments I and II lightly pigmented; segments III, IV, and V fleshy; segments I and II large, their ventral margins each with dense fringe of long dark setae, inner surfaces with dense golden-brown setae, small flanges along dorsal and ventral margins; segment II anterior margin rounded with dense fringe of long dark setae, some setae with golden-brown tips; segment III small, densely setose; segment IV about 1/2 length of segment III, width greater than length, without setae; segment V longer than segments I and II combined, slender, with dense setae along 3/4ths of lateral surface. Labial palpi each 3-segmented, unmodified, covered in pale medium-length setae. Pronotum ( Fig. 27 ) with 1 pair of long, relatively large, warts. Wings irregularly mottled brown and white. Forewings ( Fig. 35 ) brown with white mottling, each with discoidal cell relatively long, forks I and II sessile, fork III on short pedestal, fork IV absent, crossvein r concave, crossvein cu (joining Cu1b to Cu2) above arculus, nygmata in thyridial cell and fork II. Hind wings ( Fig. 36 ) relatively broad; each lacking discoidal cell; fork I on very short pedestal, fork II sessile, fork III on long pedestal, fork V large; nygma in fork II; crossvein m-cu present; vein A2 joining A1 within apical quarter of vein A1. Forelegs each with fringe of long dark setae extending from femur to 2nd tarsal segment; setae dorsally on femur, dorsally and laterally on tibia, dorsally on tarsal segments; tarsal segments each with distal posterior margin bearing 2–4 spines. Mid- and hind legs unmodified, each with 2 rows of spines along ventral surfaces of tarsal segments. Genitalia ( Figs 28–31 ) with segment X in dorsal view broadest anteriorly, tapering posteriorly, strongly incised in apical 1/3rd; lateral margins with short strong setae; dorsum with sparse strong setae; lateral surface with subapical projection directed anterolaterad. Preanal appendages slender along basal 1/2 and broader in apical 1/2, broadest about 2/3rds from base, rounded apically, 1/ 2 length of segment X. Inferior appendages each broad in basal 1/3rd, branching into slender ventral and broad dorsal processes, ventral process tapering to point, strongly angled mesad about 1/3rd from base, then strongly angled dorsolaterad at 2/3rds from base; dorsal projection broad, abruptly tapering apically, with slender projection arising from dorsal margin at about 1/2 length of process. Pair of large projections covered with fine, short, pale setae arising from phallocrypt, angled dorsolaterad in apical 1/2 and diverging apically; lateral margins each with weakly sclerotised ridge extending from base of segment IX to halfway along length of projection. Phallus dorsally with faint keel-like structure (visible in cleared specimen).

Female. Length of each forewing 9.50–12.05 mm, n=15. Head with anterior dorsal section between antennae slightly depressed; postocular area relatively large, eyes positioned anteriorly on lateral margins; postocular setal warts present, broader dorsally, tapering ventrally; posterior setal warts present, long; anterior setal warts present, teardrop-shaped, separated; pair of setal warts present on head capsule medial and anterior to scape. Antennae slightly shorter than forewings; antennal scape relatively broad and long, about length of antennal flagellar segments 1–3 combined. Maxillary palpi each 5-segmented, unmodified. Labial palps each 3-segmented. Pronotum with 2 pairs of warts, mesal pair smaller than lateral. Forelegs without dense setae. Wings as in Figs 37 and 38 . Wing venation and colouring similar to those of males except that in hind wing fork II sessile and vein A2 joining A 1 in basal half of A1. Abdominal sternite VIII with 2 pairs of intricate, sclerotised folds on ventrolateral margins, forming shallow groove on each side. Genitalia as in Figs 32–34 . Preanal appendages stout, relatively uniform in width. Sclerotised keel ventrally along midline.

Pupa. Head having frons with pair of rounded lobes along midline of head capsule; labrum with 3 setae on each of pair of distally projected lobes, 5 dark setae along each anterolateral margin, small pale setae located slightly lateral and ventrally to the most medial dark setae; mandibles each with small subapicomesal tooth distinct ( Fig. 39 ); antennae broad, basal section with prominent angle on lateral margin before constriction, with about 5 setae in line dorsally. Abdominal segment I with pair of friction pads dorsally; with 1 pair of anterior hookplates on tergites III to VI and 1 pair of posterior hookplates on tergite V; anterior hookplates ( Fig. 40 ) with 2 or 3 hooks; posterior hookplates ( Fig. 41 ) with 3 hooks; segment IX ( Fig. 42 ) of male with pointed projections arising from ventrolateral margins, directed dorsolaterad; abdomen terminating in pair of tapering sclerotized processes curved dorsolaterad to acute apices, each with 3 basolateral setae, and around 18 subapical setae; ventral surface with single pair of ventrolateral setae at about 1/5 length of segment, single pair of ventrolateral setae at about 1/2 length of segment, single pair of ventrolateral setae at about 2/3 length of segment, and three pairs of closely grouped setae near midline at about 1/2 length of segment.

Larva. Approximate length 13 mm at maturity. Head ( Fig. 43 ) having frontoclypeus with lateral margins of anterior section slightly rounded, converging slightly near anterior margin; setae 6 positioned at posterolateral corners of anterior section of frontoclypeus. Pronotum ( Fig. 44 ) having anterior margin with alternating dark and light brown setae; dorsum with narrow transverse line of setae, of one or two setae deep, at about 1/3rd distance from anterior margin. Foretrochantins ( Fig. 45 ) each with single long, dark seta about mid-length on anterodorsal margin. Abdomen with gills either simple or branched; segment I without gills; segment II gills VL1 and VL2 either present or absent, VL3 present, L2 either present or absent, DL1 either present or absent; segment III gills VL1 present, L1 either present or absent, DL1 present; segment IV without gills.

Holotype. Male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Wilson River at Wilson River Road, 31° 12'S 152° 29'E, 29 Sept 2008, J. Dean and D. Cartwright; deposited in the Australian Museum, New South Wales (MS 76).

Paratypes. [ AUSTRALIA: New South Wales] Collected with holotype, 2 males (AM MS73 & MS75), 1 female (AM MS54). Trib of Williams River, Rocky Crossing, 32° 07'S 151° 29'E, 3 Oct 2008, J. Dean and D. Cartwright, 1 pupae (AM MS85). Williams R, Rocky Crossing 32° 07’S 151° 29’E, 3 Oct 2008, J. Dean and D.

Cartwright, 1 pupa, 1 larva (AM MS91). Williams River, Rocky Crossing, 32° 07'S 151° 29'E, 29 Sept 2007, A. Glaister, J. Dean, and R. St Clair, 7 pupae (AM MS86, MS88, MS89, MS92, and MS95) 5 larvae (AM MS93, MS98, MS100); 32º 6' 59.99''S 151º 29' 0.01''E, 24 Feb 2011, J. Mynott and M. Shackleton, 4 males, 1 female (AM MS952). Wilson River, Wilson River Rd, 31° 12'S 152° 29'E, 30 Sept 2008, J. Dean and D. Cartwright, 1 larva (AM MS84). Wilson River, Wilson River Rd, 31° 12' 25.38''S 152º 28' 46.2”E, 25 Feb 2011, J. Mynott and M. Shackleton, 1 male (AM MS1013), 2 females (AM MS741 and MS742). Trib. of Wilson River, 100 m u/s Wilson River Road, 31° 12'S 152° 29'E, 29 Sept 2008, J. Dean and D. Cartwright, 1 pupa (AM MS97). Trib. of Wilson R, Wilson R Res, 4 Dec 2007, A. Glaister, J. Dean and R. St Clair, 1 pupa (AM MS94). Sharpes Ck, Gloucester River camping area, 32° 03'S 151° 41'E, 2 Oct 2008, J. Dean and D. Cartwright, 1 pupa, 1 larva (AM MS87). Coppernook ck, 30º 17' 33.18''S 152º 49' 3.73''E, 26 Feb 2011, J. Mynott and M. Shackleton, 2 males, 10 females (AM MS1250). Never Never River at Whitney’s Rd, 30º 19' 48.06''S 152º 51' 43.98''E, 10 Nov 2010, J. Mynott and M. Shackleton, 3 males (AM MS759, MS760 and MS762), 1 female (AM MS761).

Etymology. From the Latin cudonis , a masculine noun in apposition to Caenota , meaning “a cap made of raw skin.”

Figures

FIGURES 25 – 38. Caenota cudonis. 25) adult male head, left lateral; 26) right maxillary palp, right mesal surface; 27) adult male head, dorsal. 28 – 31: adult male genitalia: 28) dorsal; 29) ventral; 30) left lateral; 31) phallus, left lateral. 32 – 34, adult female genitalia: 32) dorsal; 33) ventral; 34) left lateral. 35 – 38, wings: 35) right male forewing, dorsal; 36) right male hind wing, dorsal; 37) right female forewing, dorsal; 38) right female hind wing, dorsal.

FIGURES 39 – 45. Caenota cudonis. 39 – 42, pupa: 39) mandibles, ventral; 40) right anterior hook plate of abdominal segment VI, dorsal; 41) right posterior hook plate of abdominal segment V, dorsal; 42) terminal segment of abdomen, dorsal. 43 – 45, larva: 43) head, dorsal; 44) pronotum, dorsal; 45) left foretrochantin, left lateral.