Vectius niger ( Simon, 1880 )

Pompeo, Jennifer Nunes, Brescovit, Antonio Domingos & Araujo, Douglas, 2023, Taxonomic notes, distribution update and the first chromosomal analysis of Vectius niger (Simon, 1880) and Trochanteria gomezi Canals, 1933 (Araneae: Trochanteriidae), Zootaxa 5374 (2), pp. 229-244 : 231-237

Vectius niger ( Simon, 1880)

Figs 1–3

Plator niger Simon, 1880: 236 (female holotype from Tefé , Amazonas, Brazil, in MNHN, not examined).

Vectius niger : Simon, 1897: 19, figs. 14−15.

Selenops fraternus Mello-Leit „o, 1915: 136 (male and female syntypes from S„o Jo„o del Rey, Minas Gerais, Brazil, should be in MNRJ, not found, lost before the fire of 2018 ( Moreira et al., 2010)); Corronca, 1996: 397 (Syn.).

Vectius fraternus : Mello-Leitão, 1918: 29, 74, figs. 1−3; Roewer 1955: 474.

Material examined. VENEZUELA. Portuguesa: Guanare (9°2’30”N 69°44’32”W), 12–15.IX.1957, B. Malkin & M.J. Sargent col., 1♀ ( AMNH); BRAZIL. Amazonas; Bicego col., 2♀ ( MZSP 11073); 15.XI.1978, J.A. Rafael col., 1♀ ( MCN 18391); Manaus (3°4’25”S 60°0’20”W), Estrada do Aleixo, campus INPA, 8.VIII.1991, Ulisses col., 1♀ ( MCN 21559); 1991, H. Höfer col., 1♁ ( SMNK); Road AM 010, Km 32, 21.II.1991, under bark, M.E. Oliveira col., 1♀ ( IMTM 61); Campus Universidade Federal do Amazonas (3°06’14”S 59°58’46’’W), 1994–1995, M.E. Oliveira col., 1♁ 1♀ ( IBSP 15197); VI.1979, Malaise traps, J.A. Rafael col., 1♁ ( INPA), 11.IV.1984, H.C.L. Lima col., 1♀ ( UA); Colina do Aleixo, 22.XI.1991, in a house, H. Höfer col., 1♀ ( SMNK); Pará: Belterra (2°38′9″S 54°56′13″W), V.2010, A.D. Brescovit et al. col., 1♀ 5 imm. ( IBSP 217029); 26–29.X.2009, Equipe IBSP col., 1♀ ( IBSP 217290); Urban area, 2009–2010, L. Chagas col., 1♀ ( IBSP 258431); APA de Aramanaí (2°37’57.96”S 54°57’44.16”W), VII.2018, A.D. Brescovit & G. Puorto col., 1♀ ( IBSP 222643); Porto Novo, 27.VII.2018, A.D. Brescovit & G. Puorto col., 3♀ ( IBSP 222692); FLONA do Tapajós (3°17’3.94”S 54°58’42.03”W), 16–20.X.2013, A.D. Brescovit et al col., 1♀ ( IBSP 224854); North of Urucuricaia Island (1°31’60”S 52°4’60”W), 6.V.1967, 1♀ ( MZSP 6226); São Geraldo do Araguaia, Serra das Andorinhas (06º03’00’’- 06º23’00’’S 48º22’30’’- 48º36’30’’W), 26.III.2000, I.S. Gorayeb et al. col., 1♀ 1 imm. ( MPEG 0471); Juruti (2°9′7″S 56°5′31″W), II.2011, N.F. Lo- Man-Hung; B.V.B. Rodrigues & N.C. Bastos col., 1♁ ( MPEG 032616); Sítio Barroso (2°27’41.7”S 56°0’11.6”W), 15.XI.2007, D.F. Candiani & N.F. Lo-Man-Hung col., 1♀ ( MPEG 032615); Maranhão: Caxias, Reserva Ecológica Inhamum (04º53’30’’S 43º24’53’’W), 2005, M.M. Jesus Júnior col., 1♁ ( IBSP 122472); 11.VIII.2005, F.S. Reis col., 1♁ ( IBSP 122473); 04/V/2004, F.L. Oliveira col., 1♁ 1 imm. ( IBSP 122474); 22–24.VI.2006, F.L. de Oliveira col., 1♀ ( IBSP 122475); Campus UEMA (2°34′44.48″S 44°12′32.58″W), 2007, F.L. de Oliveira col., 1♀ ( IBSP 122476); Piauí: São Raimundo Nonato, PARNA Serra da Capivara (8°25′0″S 42°20′0″W), VI.2011, L.S. Carvalho et al. col., 1♁ ( IBSP 162961); VI.2011, 1♀ ( IBSP 162962); 07.VI.2012, 1♁ ( IBSP 166336), all collected by L.S. Carvalho; Coronel José Dias, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (08°42’54’’S 42°44’12’’W), Poço, 09.VI.2012, L.S. Carvalho et.al. col., 1♁ 2♀ 1 imm. ( IBSP 272176); Alvorada do Gurguéia, PARNA da Serra das Confusões (9°7′30″S 43°48′11″W), 2010–2011, 2♁ 1♀ ( IBSP 272175); Teresina, Sítio Ouro Verde, Estrada de União, 23km North of Teresina, next to São Vicente (4°54’13.9”S 42°47’27.1”W), 02.IV.2005, 1♀ ( MPEG 007921); 02.VI.2005, 1♀ ( MPEG 007917); 1♀ 1 imm. ( MPEG 007918); 1♁ ( MPEG 007919); 1♀ ( MPEG 007920); 1♀ ( MPEG 0079220), all collected by L.S. Carvalho; Ceará: Barbalha (7°18’18” S 39°18’7”W), 21.VII.1978, P.F.L. Duarte col., 1♀ ( UFPB); Ubajara, Horto Florestal, IBAMA (3◦50`18”S 40°56`27”W), 26–28.VII.2013, L.S. Carvalho col., 1♁ 1imm. (CHNUFPI 0611); Crato (07º14’03”S 39º24’34”W), no data, S.M. Lucas col., 1♀ 1 imm. ( IBSP 10893); Pedra Fedorenta (7°13’56.5’’S 39°26’16.8’’W), 15.VII.2002, E. Trajano, M.E. Bichuette & L.A. Souza-Kury col., 1♀ ( IBSP 55916); Parque Estadual Sítio Fundão (7°14`4,2”S 39°26`18,2”W), 4.IX.2016, L.S. Carvalho & R. Azevedo col., 1♀ ( UFMG 20502); 1♀ ( UFMG 20892); Paraíba: Teixeira, Serra do Teixeira (7°15′10″S 37°23′3″W), 21.IX.1978, P.F.L. Duarte col., 1♀ ( IBSP 28024); Pernambuco: Floresta, Reserva Biológica de Serra Negra (8°39′18″S 38°1′46″W), V.2011, A. Costa col., 1♀ ( IBSP 168276); Tocantins: Santa Fé do Araguaia (6◦43`41,6”S 48°48`8”W), 19.IV.2009, U. Oliveira & M.D. Miranda col., ♀ ( UFMG 5738); Miracema do Tocantins (9°34′1″S 48°23′31″W), 17–25.IV.2005, I. Knysak & R. Martins col., 1♀ ( IBSP 124515); Usina Hidrelétrica Luís Eduardo Magalhães (9°45’21”S 48°22’23”W), 11–21.X.2001, R. Bertani & W.I. Toledo col., 3♀ ( IBSP 31601); 12–18.I.2000, J. Guilherme col., 1♁ ( IBSP 37596); Palmas (10°10’S 48°19’W), 8♀ 4 imm. ( IBSP 214846); 1♀ 1 imm. ( IBSP 214849); 1♀ ( IBSP 214873); 3♀ 2 imm. ( IBSP 219650); 4♀ 1 imm. ( IBSP 219656); 1♀ ( IBSP 219659), all collected in 2002 by I. Knysak & R. Martins; Taquaralto, Jardim Taquari (10°20’21”S 48°17’39”W), 04–10.XI.2002, I. Knysak & R. Martins col., 1♀ ( IBSP 219558); Porto Nacional (10°42′28″S 48°25′1″W), 2001, R. Martins & I. Knysak col., 1♀ ( IBSP 123836); 2000, I. Knysak & R. Martins col., 1♀ ( IBSP 124486); Araguaína, Setor Brasil (7°11′27″S 48°12′25″W), 02.VIII.2014, S.S. Ferreira col., 1♀ ( IBSP 237247); Goiás: Corumbá de Goiás, Fazenda Monjolinho, VIII.1952, F. Lane col., 1♀ ( MZSP 7429); São Miguel do Araguaia (13°16’30”S 50°9’46”W), Fazenda Humaitá, 12.V.1998, A. P. Santos col. 2♀ ( MCN 29330); Campo Alegre de Goiás, Barragem para Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico Serra do Facão (17◦33`52,63”S 47°35`39,04”W; 758m), VII.2010, R.B. Martines & R.M.C. Silveira col., 1♁ ( UFMG 4580); Serranópolis, RPPN Pousada das Araras (18◦26`18”S 52°0`14”W; 556m), 10–12.IV.2011, G.H.F. Azevedo & A.J. Santos col., 1♁ 6♀ ( UFMG 9906); Mato Grosso: Querência, Fazenda Tanguro, antiga Fazenda Morro Azul (13°4’25.1”S 52°23’6.2”W), 03.VI.2006, D.F. Candiani & N.F. Lo-Man-Hung col., 1♀ ( MPEG 023029); 03.VI.2006, D.F. Candiani col., 1♀ ( MPEG 023030); 03.VI.2006, N.F. Lo-Man-Hung col., 1♀ ( MPEG 023032); 28.V.2006, D.F. Candiani col., 1♀ ( MPEG 033346); Fazenda Tanguro (12º35’49”S 52º11’59”W), 2006, R.B. Andrade col., 1♁ 1♀ ( IBSP 220744; IBSP 220746); Canarana/Querência, Fazenda Tanguro, antiga Fazenda Morro Azul (13°4’26.4”S 52°23’21.1”W), 17.VI.2006, D.F. Candiani col., 1♀ ( MPEG 023025), 17.VI.2006, D.F. Candiani col., 1♀ ( MPEG 023026); 10.VI.2006, N.F. Lo-Man-Hung col., 1♁ ( MPEG 023027); 02.VI.2006, D.F. Candiani & N.F. Lo-Man-Hung col., 1♁ ( MPEG 023031); (12°49’55”S 52°20’21.6”W), 11.VI.2006, G. Dall’osto col., 1♀ ( MPEG 023028); (12°55’53”S 52°26’49.1”W), 01.VI.2006, D.F. Candiani col., 1♁ 1♀ ( MPEG 023033); Chapada dos Guimarães (15°27′39″S 55°45′0″W), 17.XI.1982, W.L. Overal col., 1♀ ( MPEG 003331); Chapada Aventura (-15.449.095 -55.772.620), 07.XI.2015, No col., 1♀ 1 imm. ( MPEG 033465); Cuiabá (15°35’45”S 56°5’49”W), 28.II.1984, R. Cintra col., 1♀ ( MZSP 13287); Confluency of Culuene and Xingu rivers, J.C. Carvalho col., 1♀ ( MNRJ, lost fire 2018); Santo Antonio de Leverger (15°51’57”S 56°4’37”W, 27.VII.1992, A.A. Lise & A. Braul col., 1♀ ( MCTP 2516); Fazenda Serrinha (20°50’”S 54°49’W), 16.V.1995, G. Skuk col., 1♀ ( IBSP 179); Tangará da Serra, Rio Sepotuba (14°37′8″S 57°29′9″W), no data, R.P. Indicatti col., 1♀ ( IBSP 58294); Diamantino, Utiariti (13°1’17”S 58°17’13”W, 02.VIII.1961, K. Lenko col., 2♀ ( MZSP 3749); Tapirapé River, 1-5.I.1961, B. Malkin col. 1♀ ( MZSP 7640); Pantanal area, 14–17.VI.1991, J.A. Rafael col., 1♀ ( MCN 21560); 4–10.VIII.1992, A.A. Lise & A. Braul col., 3♀ ( MCTP 2521); Miranda (20°14’27”S 56°22’40”W), Salobra, R. Arlé col., 1♀ ( MNRJ 774; lost fire 2018); Cáceres, Bairro Jardim Paraíso (16°4′16″S 57°40′44″W), 17/XI/2004, N.M. Rocha col., 1♀ ( IBSP 70941); Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Fazenda Retiro Novo, Pirizal, Pantanal do Poconé (16°15’12’’S 56°22’12’’W), I.2004 – III.2005, L.D. Battirola col., 1♁ ( IBSP 125454); Porto Estrela, Trilha Rio Salobra (15°19′26″S 57°13′40″W), 05.V.2019, J..R. Lima, D. Castro-Pereira & M. Pessoa-Silva col., 2♀ ( IBSP 249138); Mato Grosso do Sul: Camapuã (19º31’53”S 54º02’38”W), 07.VI.1968, F. Silberlamer col. ( IBSP 2210); Paranaíba (19º40’38”S 51º11’27”W), 1983, R.R. Silva col., 1♀ ( IBSP 6555); 1♀ ( IBSP 6556); Brasilândia, Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta (22º22’59”S 52º48’42,4”W), 15.VII.2000, Equipe IBSP col., 1♀ ( IBSP 30783); 12.VII.2000, Equipe IBSP col., 1♀ ( IBSP 31037); 2000, Equipe IBSP col., 2♀ ( IBSP 31184); 2000, D.F. Candiani & C.A.R. Souza col., 2♀ ( IBSP 35235); 2000, D.F. Candiani & C.A.R. Souza col., 2♀ ( IBSP 35237); Brasilândia, Fazenda Cisalpina, Porto Primavera (22°28’31”S 52°57’30”W), 2000, Equipe IBSP col., 1♀ ( IBSP 56189); 2♀ ( IBSP 56191); 27.VII.2000, R. Martins & I. Knysak col., 1♀ ( IBSP 56197); Ilha Capivara, 27.VII.2000, R. Martins & I. Knysak col., 5♀ ( IBSP 56195); Bataguassu, (21°42′50″S 52°25′19″W), Fazenda Urutal, 05.VII.2001, D.F. Candiani & F. Cini col., 1♀ ( IBSP 37918); Ilha Orelha da Onça, 25.VII.2000, R. Martins & I. Knysak col., 1♀ ( IBSP 56196); Anaurilândia, Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta (22°11’15’’S 52°43’04’’W), 12–19.III.2001, F.S. Cunha & J.P.L. Guadanucci col., 1♁ 3 imm. ( IBSP 38889); Santa Rita do Pardo, Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta (22°28’31”S 52°57’30”W), 23.IV.2001, R. Bertani & E.K. Kashimata col., 2♀ ( IBSP 39474); Mundo Novo (23°6′16″S 54°16′15″W), Bairro Centro, IV–VI.2008, D.Araujo et al. col., 5♀ ( IBSP 143607); Bairro Tapajós, IV–VI.2008, D. Araujo et al. col., 1♁ 3♀ ( IBSP 143661); Bairro Berneck, IV–VI.2008, D. Araujo et al. col., 2♀ ( IBSP 143681); 2♁ 5♀ ( IBSP 143682); Bairro Copagril, IV–VI.2008, D. Araujo et al. col., 1♀ ( IBSP 143727); 1♁ 1♀ ( IBSP 143728); Ivinhema (22°18′18″S 53°48′54″W), 1♁ ( IBSP 97285); 1♁ ( IBSP 97287); 1♁ ( IBSP 97289); 1♁ ( IBSP 97292); 1♁ ( IBSP 97293); 1♁ ( IBSP 97294), all collected between X.2004 – XII.2006 by K. Anjos; XII.2012, D. Araujo col., 1♀ ( IBSP 163491); 1♀ ( IBSP 166491); 1♀ ( IBSP 166497); 1♁ ( IBSP 166498); 1♀ ( IBSP 166500); 1♀ ( IBSP 166502); 1♁ ( IBSP 166505); 1♁ ( IBSP 166508); 1♁ ( IBSP 166511); 1♀ ( IBSP 166526); 1♁ ( IBSP 166531); 1♁ ( IBSP 166532); 1 imm. ( IBSP 166543); 1♀ ( IBSP 168256); 1♀ ( IBSP 169273); 1♀ ( IBSP 169277); 1♀ ( IBSP 169278); 1♀ ( IBSP 169279); 1♀ ( IBSP 1692833); 1♀ ( IBSP 169285); 1♀ ( IBSP 169286); 1♀ ( IBSP 169292); 1♀ ( IBSP 169295); 1♀ ( IBSP 169296); 1 imm. ( IBSP 169297); 1♀ ( IBSP 169301); 1♀ ( IBSP 169303), all collected in 2012 by D. Araujo; Dois Irm„os do Buriti, Piraputanga (20°27’S 55°30’W), 31.VI– 06.VII.1999, A.D. Brescovit et.al. col., 1♀ ( IBSP 224943); Bonito (21°7′15″S 56°28′55″W), 14–23.X.2002, Equipe Biota col., 1♀ ( IBSP 235813); Corumbá, Serra do Urucum (19°8’60”S 57°37’60”W), 25.XI.1960, K. Lenko col., 1♀ ( MZSP 13290); Três Lagoas (20°48’S 51°43’W), X.1964, Exp. Depto Zool. col., 3♀ ( MZSP 3781); Fazenda Canaã, IV.1966, F. Lane col., 1♁ ( MZSP 5510); X.1966, F. Lane col., 1♀ ( MZSP 5351); XI.1966, F. Lane col., 1♀ ( MZSP 5255); Maciço do Urucum (19°12’7”S 57°35’36”W), 2016–2017, C. Aoki et. al. col., 1♁ ( IBSP 251390); Três Lagoas, Horto Barra do Moeda (20◦57`0”S 51°47`0”W), 18.V.2009, M. Uehara-Prado col., 1♀ ( UFMG 5081); Campo Grande, RPPN-UFMS (20°30’S 54°36’W), 17/VIII/2013, 1♀ ( IBSP 165013); 1♁ ( IBSP 165014); 1♁ ( IBSP 165017); 1♁ ( IBSP 165018), all collected in 17.VIII.2013 by M.G.S. Correia; 1♀ ( IBSP 271318); 1♁ ( IBSP 271319); 1 imm. ( IBSP 271322); 1 imm. ( IBSP 271323); 1 imm. ( IBSP 271324); 1 imm. ( IBSP 271325), all collected in 16–27.IX.2020 by J. Nunes; Goiás: Niquelândia, Usina Hidrelétrica Serra da Mesa, Área da Usina Hidrelétrica (14º01’S 48º18’W), 24.IX.1995, G. Skuk col., 1♀ ( IBSP 6280); São Domingos, Parque Estadual Terra Ronca (13°38′52″S 46°24′02″W), V.2000,A.M. Chagas Jr col., 1♀ ( IBSP 35024); Morrinhos, Centenário, Parque Ecológico Jatobá (17º43’36”S 49º07’55”W), XII.2006 – VIII.2007, R.C. Santana col., 1♀ 1imm. ( IBSP 140920); Pirenópolis, Fazenda Babilônia (16°0′36.78″S 49°4′40.76″W), V.2011, A.G. Cristóvão col., 1♁ ( IBSP 169309); Crixás, Cave MSG-0002 (8389860 610834), 25.I.2021, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental col., 1♀ ( IBSP 262975); Bahia: Anagé, Lindo Horizonte (14°32’45”S 40°44’26”W), 01.VII.2002, D. Dias col., 1♀ ( IBSP 38834); Irecê, Área da Mineradora Gavani (11°18’14’’S 41°51’21’’W), 27.VI–27.IX2011, M. C. Nunes col., 1♁ ( IBSP 226006); Milagres (12°52′12″S 39°51′32″W), 1♁ ( IBSP 232012); 1♁ ( IBSP 232016); 1♁ ( IBSP 232026); 1♁ ( IBSP 232032); 1♁ ( IBSP 232036), all collected between I/2019 – I/2010 by E. Menezes; Minas Gerais: Uberlândia, Estação Ecológica do Panga (19°10’S 48°24’W), 15.II.2017, A.M. Girotti col., 1♀ ( IBSP 215280); Chapada Gaúcha, PARNA Grande Sert„o Veredas, Mata de Santa Rita (15°13’32,2”S 45°38’32,3”W), 13.VIII.2011, J.P.P.P. Barbosa et al. col., 1♀ ( IBSP 234596); Cachoeira Grande (15°19’08,5”S 45°59’08,0”W), 11.VIII.2011, J.P.P.P. Barbosa et al. col., 1♀ ( IBSP 234622); Mata de Galeria e Cerrado (15°17’5572”S 45°58’16,3”W), 12.VIII.2011, J.P.P.P. Barbosa et al. col., 1♀ ( IBSP 234746); Januária, Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu (15°10′0″S 44°22′0″W), 10–31.VII.2008, M. Teixeira Jr. & R. Recoder col., 1♀ ( IBSP 119895); Cave Abismo Buraco dos Macacos (15°07’25”S 44°14’23”W), 05.VIII.2011, J.P.P.P. Barbosa et al. col., 2♀ ( IBSP 198906); Itacarambi, PARNA Cavernas do Peruaçu, Trail to the Cave of Reza (15°08’36,4”S 44°14’06”W), 09.VIII.2011, J.P.P.P. Barbosa et al. col., 2♀ ( IBSP 234680); Lavras (21°14′42″S 45°0′0″W), 2001–2002, A. Almeida col., 1♁ ( IBSP 97356); Uberaba (19°44′52″S 47°55′55″W), 26.III.2005, A. Pelli col., 1♀ ( IBSP 57033); Buritizeiro (17◦23`42,85”S 45°0`27,84”W, 595m), 9.II.2011, H. Thomassen col., 1♀ ( UFMG 5982); Curvelo, Gruta Lapa do Mosquito (18◦37`34”S 44°24`45”W, 657 m), I–IV.2014, X. Prous col., 1♁ 1 imm. ( UFMG 16618); Contagem, Bairro Nossa Senhora de Fátima (19◦54`38,55”S 44°5`8,34”W, 904 m); 8.XI.2012, P.H. Martins col., 1♀ ( UFMG 12758); Felício dos Santos (18◦3`57”S 43°14`37”W; 809 m), 16.VIII.2007, J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa col., 1♀ ( UFMG 1937); Prudente de Morais (19º28’55”S 44º09’18”W), 02.I.2000, É. Álvares col., 1♀ 1imm. ( IBSP 27298); Cave CAV 75L (20°20’23”S 44°05’28”W), 25.XI.2017, F. Bondezan col., 1♀ ( IBSP 198807); Fazenda do Sapé, rodovia MG-424 (19◦28`6,18”S 44°14`29,78”W; 850 m), XII.1998, E.S.S. Álvares col., 1♁ ( UFMG 323); Almenara (16°11′2″S 40°41′38″W), 19.VII.2009, C. Alves col., 1♀ ( IBSP 144843); Berizal, Serra do Anastácio (15°50’S 41°46’W), 12.IV.2002, A.J. Santos col., 2♀ ( IBSP 40957); Bocaiúva, Cave 372 (8095946 619373), IX.2020, L.F. Bernardi col., 1♀ ( IBSP 263567); Paraisópolis, Fazenda Santo Antonio (22°33′14″S 45°46′48″W), 31.III.2002, R. Bortoletto col., 1♁ ( IBSP 35001); Padre Carvalho, Cave VAC-26 (16°10’15”S 42°39’37”W), 22.III.2018, Brandt Meio Ambiente col., 1♀ ( IBSP 202058); Patrocínio (18°58’13.57’’S 46°57’25.80’’W), V.2015, M.F. Osório col., 1♀ ( IBSP 215476); - IV.2015, M.F. Osório col., 1♀ ( IBSP 250728); Nova Lima, RPPN Mata Samuel de Paula (20◦0`0”S 43°52`0”W, 967 m), 4.VII.2007, J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa et al. col., 1♀ ( UFMG 2524); Condomínio Vila Del Rey (20◦0`6,38”S 43°56`50,4”W, 1016 m), 17.V.2009, I.L.F. Magalhães col., 1♁ ( UFMG 6241); Gouveia, Fazenda Fagundes (18◦25`56,42”S 43°44`49,56”W, 1030 m), 22.II.2012, P.H. Martins col., 2♀ ( UFMG 11570); Santana do Riacho, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó (19◦20`57”S 43°37`10,16”W, 822 m), 21–27.VII.2002, E.S.S. Álvares & E.O. Machado col., 1♁ ( UFMG 4723); 10.VIII.2002, E.S.S. Álvares & E.O. Machado col., 1♀ ( UFMG 8814); 25–30.IV.2011, no col., 1♁ ( UFMG 24188); Cardeal Mota, Serra do Cipó (19◦17`23,58”S 43°39`27,6”W, 887 m), 16.VII.2012, P.H. Martins et al. col., 1♀ ( UFMG 12325); Recanto das Piabas (19◦15`10,56”S 43°41`46,44”W, 766 m), 17.VII.2012, P.H. Martins et al. col., 1♀ ( UFMG 14107); São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo, Estação de Preservação e Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti (19◦58`23”S 43°29`57”W, 820 m), 8–9.XII.2012, G.H.F. Azevedo col., 1♀ 1 imm. ( UFMG 12346); Belo Horizonte, Estação Ecológica da UFMG (19◦52`38”S 43°58`16”W, 845 m), V.1999, E.S.S. Álvares col., 1♁ ( UFMG 64); 22.V.2010, G.H.F. Azevedo et al. col., 1♁ ( UFMG 4143); I.2001, E.S.S. Álvares col., 1♁ ( UFMG 5917); III–VII.2000, E.S.S. Álvares col., 1♁ ( UFMG 5920); 21.V.2011, I.L.F. Magalh„es et al. col., 1♀ ( UFMG 6376); 1♁ 1♀ ( UFMG 12509); 9–24.IV.2014, P.R. Silva et al. col., 2♀ ( UFMG 16137); Campus da UFMG (19◦51`41”S 43°57`48”W), 18.V.2000, E.O. Machado col., 1♁ ( UFMG 170); Brumadinho, Monumento Natural Serra da Calçada (20◦5`49,6”S 44°1`40,6”W, 919 m), 5.VII.2015, P.H. Martins et. al. col., 1♀ ( UFMG 18322); Lagoa Santa (19°37’37”S 43°53’24”W), 1♀ ( MNRJ; lost fire 2018); São João del Rei (21°8’9”S 44°15’43”W), 14.VII.1965, J.C. Santos col., 1♀ ( MZSP 13293); Minas da Serrinha, XII.1954, E. Cohn col., 5♀ ( AMNH); 13.II.1942, Passareu col., 1♁ imm. ( MNRJ 13471; lost fire 2018); Espírito Santo: Colatina (19°32’1”S 40°37’44”W), S„o José River, near of Vila de Alto Rio Novo, 13.IX.1942, B.A.M. Soares col., 1♀ ( MZSP 13291); Linhares, Reserva Florestal Aracruz (19°6′54″S 39°56′20″W), VI.1996, Equipe UNICAMP col., 1♀ ( IBSP 7596); Rio de Janeiro: Niterói (22°53’14”S 43°5’27”W), 1♀ ( MNRJ; lost fire 2018); Barra Mansa, Campus de SOBEU (22°32′38″S 44°10′15″W), 10.VII.1997, E.F. Ramos col., 1♁ ( IBSP 13312); Resende, Campus INB—Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil (22º30’37,58”S 44º38’10,50”W), XII.2007, E.F. Ramos col., 1♀ 2 imm. ( IBSP 123922); São Paulo: Rio Grande River, between Minas Gerais and S„o Paulo, 16.VIII.1968, Biasi & Vizzotto col., 1♀ ( MZSP 13294); Presidente Epitácio, Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta (22º22’59”S 52º 48’42,4”W), 16.I–13.II.1999, Equipe IBSP col., 1♀ 1imm. ( IBSP 23122); Rosana, Primavera (0° 56’31’’S 47°7’4’’W), Usina Hidrelétrica de Porto Primavera, I–II.2000, Equipe IBSP col., 1♀ 6 imm. ( IBSP 29724); Rio Claro (22°24’39”S 47°33’39”W), 1942, Missionários Clarentinos col., 1♀ ( MZSP 3133); XII.1942, F.S. Pereira col., 3♀ ( MZSP 5541; 7552; 7991); Exp. Depto Zool. col., 1♁ ( MZSP 3582); (22º24’41”S 47º33’41”W), VI.1978, J. Medeiros col., 1♀ ( IBSP 4779); 16.III.2005, D. Araujo & A. Giroti col., 1♁ ( IBSP 51351); 1♀ ( IBSP 51360); 07.II.2008, D.M. Cella col., 1♀ ( IBSP 99517); Araraquara (21°47′38″S 48°10′33″W), 2003, L. Marcomini col., 1♁ ( IBSP 43022); 04/VII/2009, Alunos Uniare col., 1♀ ( IBSP 137681); Piracicaba (22°43′30″S 47°38′56″W), 3.IX.1944, O. Monte col., 1♀ ( MZSP 7545); III.1937, T. Piza col., 1♁ 1♀ 6 imm. ( IBSP 138054); Campus ESALQ (22°42’30”S 47°38’30”W), 1939, A. Correa col., 1♀ ( IBSP 138043); Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, Parque Estadual de Vassununga (21º43’S 47º35’W), 19–24.III.2002, Equipe Biota col., 1♀ ( IBSP 235855); 1♀ ( IBSP 235856); Pinhalzinho (22°46′44″S 46°35′27″W), 01.I.2010, J.A. Lima col., 1♀ ( IBSP 151704); Monte Mor (22°56′49″S 47°18′57″W), Chácara Lagoa, 21.XI.1973, E.J. Paula col., 2♀ ( IBSP 2715ª; IBSP 2715B); Valinhos (22°58’14’’S 46°59’45”W), 14.V.1976,L.A.A.Marino col., 1♀ ( IBSP 8353);Dois Córregos,Sítio Guedes(22°21′57″S 48°22′48″W), 01–06.IV.2002, G.Q. Romero col., 1♁ ( IBSP 34969); Tietê (23º06’07”S 47º42’20”W), 08.V.1995, A. Guimarães col., 1♁ ( IBSP 6129); Franca (20°32’24”S 47°23’47”W), 1899, Breher col., 1♀ ( MZSP 11072); Castilho (20°52’S 51°28’60”W), 1964, Exp. Depto Zool. col., 2♀ ( MZSP 3909); São Carlos (22°0’55”S 47°53’17”W), 24.III.1955, O. Schubart col., 1♀ ( MZSP 13292); Nova Europa (21°46’40”S 48°33’39”W), Fazenda Itaquerê, 1964, K. Lenko col., 6 ♀ ( MZSP 7992; 4087; 4112); Boa Esperança do Sul (21°59’28”S 48°23’10”W), 26.IV.1968, K. Lenko col., 8♀ ( MZSP 13285); 20.VI.1965, K. Lenko col, 4♀ ( MZSP 4711); Monte Alegre do Sul (22°41’10”S 46°40’37”W), VI.1944, J. Damico col., 1♁ ( MZSP 7776); (Fazenda Boa Vista), 28.III.1944, Lima col., 1♁ ( MZSP 13286); Itú (23°16’3”S 47°17’39”W), Fazenda Pau D`Alho, 29.X.1965, P. de Biasi col., 1♀ ( MZSP 5453); 07.II.2002, A.C.G. Ribeiro col., 1♀ ( IBSP 33076); 08.IV.1960, V. Brasilino col., 1♀ ( IBSP 1520); São José do Rio Preto (20°49′12″S 49°22′44″W), 14.III.1968, J.J. Sirino col., 3♀ ( MZSP 13295); VI.2002, D.C. Moraes col., 2♀ ( IBSP 57798), Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista ( EENP) (20º48’36’’S 49º22’50’’W), 05.V.1997, G.R. Romero col., 1♀ ( IBSP 27466); Guatapará (21°29’49”S 48°2’16”W), M. Carrera col., 1♀ ( MZSP 7604); near Barueri (23°31’S 46°52’60”W), Km 58, Castelo Branco road, V.1989, C. Marciatelli col., 2♁ ( MZSP 13289); Ipuã (20°26’16”S 48°0’43”W, 23.VII.1968, Macamba col., 1♀ ( MZSP 13288); Barueri (23°31’S 46°52’60”W),, VII.1963, K. Lenko col., 1 imm. ( MZSP 3117); Botucatu (22°53’1”S 48°26’29”W), 31.III.1987, Werner col., 1♀ ( MZSP 7499); Americana (22°44’10”S 47°19’48”W), 1944, R. Eller col., 2♁ ( MZSP 803); Cerquilho (23º05’S 47º26’W); 06–13.VII.2008, B. Alves col., 1♀ ( IBSP 117625); 06–13.VII.2008, B. Alves col., 1♀ ( IBSP 117626); 10.XII.2008, A.M. Giroti col., 1 imm. ( IBSP 122263); Tatuí (23°21′21″S 47°51′25″W), 31.III.2012, T.G. Pinheiro col., 1♁ ( IBSP 250478); São Paulo (23º32’51”S 46º38’10”W), 30.IX.1959, P. Angelo Filho col., 1♀ ( IBSP 1457); VIII.1961, E. Matarazzo col., 1♀ ( IBSP 8341); Parque Estadual do Jaraguá (23°27’34.3”S 46°46’02.8”W), 2010–2011, R. P. Indicatti col., 1♀ ( IBSP 245941); Vargem Grande Paulista (23º3612’’S 47º01’35”W), IX.1980, F. Nastari col., 1♀ ( IBSP 2212); Atibaia (23º07’01’’S 46º33’01”W), 20.III.1979, I. Casaline col., 3♀ ( IBSP 2917); Campo Limpo Paulista (23º12’23”S 46º 47’04”W), V.1991, A. Delgado col., 1♁ ( IBSP 5211); Tietê (23º06’07”S 47º42’20”W), 08.V.1995, A. Guimarães col., 1♁ ( IBSP 6129); Valinhos (22°58’14’’S 46°59’45’’W), 14.V.1976, L.A.A. Marino col., 1♀ ( IBSP 8353); Dois Córregos (22°21′57″S 48°22′48″W), Sítio Guedes, 01–06.IV.2002, G.Q. Romero col., 1♁ ( IBSP 34969); Franco da Rocha (23°19’19”S 46°43’37”W), 22.X.2004, D.A. Santos col., 1♀ ( IBSP 51623); Votuporanga (20°25′22″S 49°58′22″W), 13–19.V.2007, D.N. Pereira col. ( IBSP 85637); Tatuí (23°21′21″S 47°51′25″W), 31.III.2012, T.G. Pinheiro col., 1♁ ( IBSP 250478); Cananéia (25°0′54″S 47°55′37″W), 02.VIII.2014, D.M. Araujo col., 1♁ ( IBSP 166510); Iguape (24°42′28″S 47°33′18″W), 22.X.2020, D. Araujo col., 1 imm. ( IBSP 271317); Paraná: Arapongas (23º25’10”S 51º25’28”W), VI.1985, F.A.C. Lopes col., 1♁ ( IBSP 4353). BOLIVIA. Tarija: Gran Chaco, 3 Km NO of Carapari (21o48`S 03o47`W, 850m alt.), 15. VIII.1991, E. Peñaranda col., 1♀ ( CBF); Crevaux (21°49’18” S 62°55’6” W), Rio Pilcomayo, 5–15. VIII.1964, B. Malkin col., 1♀ ( AMNH); PARAGUAY. Central: Areguá (25°18’45” S 57°23’5” W; under bark of tree), 17.V.1980, D. Strickmann col, 1♁ 1♀ ( AMNH); Alto Paraguay, Puerto Vallemi (22°9’18,14”S 57°57’15.26”W), VI–VII.1952, A. Bachmann col., 1♁ 2♀ ( MACN); Puerto Casado (22°19’60”S 57°55’0”W), 14.V.1945, A. Bachmann col., 1♁ ( MACN); ARGENTINA. Jujuy: Fraile Pintado (23°56’27”S 64°47’58”W), X.1967, E. Maury col., 1 imm. ( MACN); Salta: Embarcación (23°13’S 64°06’W), La Quena, 14–15.V.1983, P. Goloboff col., 1♀ ( MACN); Yacuy, Rio Yacuy (22°22’10”S 63°45’21”W), 10.VII.1985, Viñas & Carrizo col., 1♀ ( MACN); Urundel (23°33’22”S 64°23’52”W), VI–XI.1961, C. Lucini col., 1♁ ( MACN); 23–25.II.1949, N. Kormilev col., 2 imm. ( MACN); III.1949, 1♀ ( MACN 2730); IV.1942, 1♀ ( MACN 2732); Chaco: Clorinda (25°17’5’32”S 57°43’6.64”W), Ruta 11, 26.I.1962, S. Cascarón col., 1 imm. ( MACN); General Piñedo (27°19’S 61°16’60”W), X–XI.1946, Giai & Cranwell col., 1♀ ( MACN 1709); Between Resistencia y Charata, 6.VII.1934, J. Daguerre col., 1♀ ( MACN).

Diagnosis. Specimens of Vectius niger are easily recognized by the carapace wider than long ( Fig. 2A ), abdomen dorsally with seven pairs of central black spots ( Fig. 2A ), male palp with long embolus, with a wide base and distally curved ( Fig. 1 A−B, 2B−C) and female epigynum with a sclerotized anterior hood ( Fig.1D , 2D ).

Redescription. Male (IBSP 5211). Carapace brown, with black stripes, black chelicera, dark gray endite, labium and sternum, dark brown legs, lighter in the ventral region. Abdomen dorsally gray with rim and several rows of black spots, ventrally cream and spinnerets black ( Fig. 2A ,). Total length, not including chelicerae, 4.1. Carapace 1.6 long, 2.6 wide. Chelicerae with four prolateral and four retrolateral teeth ( Fig. 1C ). Femur II 2.6 long. Eye sizes and interdistances:AME 0.07, ALE 0.07, PME 0.05, PLE 0.12; AME-AME 0.05, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.08, PME-PLE 0.18, ALE-PLE 0.18; MOQ length 0.25, front width 0.18, back width 0.28. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed): femur I−IV d1-0-0; tibiae I−IV v1p-1p-0; metatarsus I v1p-0-0, III v1p-0-0, IV v1p-0- 1p. Palp with cymbium projected retrolateraly, and, long, sharply pointed retrolateral tibial apophysis ( Figs 1 A−B, 2B−C), embolar base bearing triangular projection (EPP), coiled ducts and median apophysis short and curved at tip ( Figs 1A , 2 B−C).

Female (MZSP 4711). Coloration as in male. Total length, not including chelicerae, 7.0. Carapace 2.2 long, 3.7 wide. Femur II 3.4. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.13, PLE 0.11; AME-AME 0.08, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.25,

ALE-PLE 0.31; MOQ length 0.30, front width 0.23, back width 0.35. Leg spination (only surfaces bearing spines listed): femora I–IV d1-0-0; tibiae I–IV v1p-1p-0; metatarsus I v1p-0-0, II v1p-0-0, IV 1p-0-0. Epigynum with median septum and posterior plate projected anteriorly to the atrium and sclerotized medially ( Figs 1D , 2D ), internally with long ducts, oval and small spermathecae and long fertilization ducts ( Fig.2E ).

Natural history. All the specimens used for cytogenetic studies were found hidden in crevices of the tree bark of Curatella americana Linnaeus , during the day, and collected after removing parts of the tree bark (Fig 6A–B). Six egg sacs, flattened and firmly attached to the internal part of the tree bark (Fig. 6C), were collected, and presented respectively 25, 24, 23, 19, 13 or 12 eggs.

Distribution. Southwestern to north of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina ( Fig. 3 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Vectius niger (Simon, 1880). A–C Male. A–B palp: A ventral view. B retrolateral view. C, cheliceral teeth, ventral view, D Female, epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; MA, median apophysis; C, cymbium; EB, embolar base; ELF, spigynal lateral field; EMF, epigynal median field; EPP, embolar base proximal projection; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; T, tegulum.

FIGURE 2. Vectius niger (Simon, 1880). A–C Male. A Body, dorsal view. B−C palp. B ventral view. C retrolateral view. D–E Female epigynum. D ventral view. E dorsal view. Abbreviations:A, atrium; C, cymbium; CD, copulatory duct; E, embolus; EB, embolar base; ELF, spigynal lateral field; EMF, epigynal median field; EPP, embolar base proximal projection; FD, fertilization duct; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermathecae.

FIGURE 3. Geographical distribution of Vectius niger (Simon, 1880) in the Neotropical region. The grey area indicates the country Brazil.