Ptychoderes antiquus Jekel, 1855

Mermudes, José Ricardo M. & Napp, Dilma Solange, 2006, Revision and cladistic analysis of the genus: Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae, Anthribinae, Ptychoderini), Zootaxa 1182 (1), pp. 1-130 : 62-65

Ptychoderes antiquus Jekel, 1855

Figs. 76 , 90, 104 , 118 , 150–153 , 224 , 266

Ptychoderes antiquus Jekel, 1855: 59 ; Gemminger & Harold, 1872: 2722 (cat.); Bovie, 1906: 219 (cat.); Wolfrum, 1929: 6 (cat.); Guérin, 1953: 183; Holloway, 1985: 162 (setiferous sex patches); Rheinheimer, 2004: 10 (cat.).

[ Ptychoderes ] regularis Jekel, 1855: 59 (in litt.) (nom. nud.).

Ptych.[oderes] nanus Jekel, 1855: 59 (in litt.) (nom. nud.).

[ Ptychoderes antiquus ] var. nanus Jekel, 1855: 59 .

Ptychoderes antiquus var. nanus Gemminger & Harold, 1872: 2722 (cat.); Bovie, 1906: 219 (cat.); Wolfrum, 1929: 6 (cat.); Rheinheimer, 2004: 10 (cat.).

Ptychoderes antiqua [sic]; Blackwelder, 1947: 765 (cat.).

Ptychoderes antiqua var. nana [sic]; Blackwelder, 1947: 765 (cat.).

Ptychoderes affinis Jordan, 1894: 593 ; Bovie, 1906: 219 (cat.); Wolfrum, 1929: 6 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1947: 765 (cat.); Rheinheimer, 2004:10 (cat.). Syn. nov.

Male. Vestiture ( Fig. 224 ): pale dorsal vitta with dense, appressed, whitish scales, intermingled with either light­brown, olivaceous­green or pale­ochreous­green scales, decumbent and denser on rostrum and elytral interstriae 1, 2 and 4. Pygidium with predominance of coloured scales. Ventral body surface and legs with dense, appressed, grayish­white or yellowish­white scales; sides of prosternum, below lateral carina, with continuous vitta of blackish­brown scales. Sides of mesosternum with wide, glabrous vitta. Anterior angles of ventrites III–V with small dark spot of dense blackish­brown scales. Mesepisternum with coarse setigerous punctures, each provided with a light­brown scale, these punctures shallow on mesepimera, metepisterna, and sides of metasternum and ventrites. Outer surface of meso­ and metafemora with strip of blackish­brown scales. Base of tarsomeres I and apical half of II–III with spot of blackish­brown scales.

Rostrum 1.3–1.8 times as long as wide across base. Distance between scrobe and eyes from about half as long to slightly longer than maximum width of eye. Sides looking tricarinate due to careniform upper margin of scrobe; carinae elongate and oblique, upper carina slightly shorter than lower carina, reaching scrobe margin; with or without transverse carina between lower carina and extension of scrobe. Scrobe careniform at dorsal margin; extension shallow with deep distal pit, slightly wider than extension. Mentum shallowly, finely punctate; shallowly grooved at sides, deeply so at apical margin. Gula with sparse, fine punctures. Frons almost flat, weakly impressed near ocular margin, with prominent carinae. Head elongate behind eyes; vertex almost flat.

Antennae ( Fig. 224 ) from short, reaching elytral basal third, to elongate, reaching apical third of elytra. Segment II 2/3 as long as III; IV–VII subequal in length; VIII and IX slightly shorter; X 1/3 shorter than XI (II = 0.4–1.4; III = 0.5–2.2; IV = 0.6–2.6; V = 0.5–2.7; VI = 0.3–2.7; VII = 0.4–2.8; VIII = 0.3–2.3; IX = 0.4–2.1; X = 0.4–0.7; XI = 0.6–1.20).

Prothorax ( Fig. 224 ) slightly longer than wide; sides converging anteriorly from antebasal carina. Longitudinal pronotal depression deep; median tubercle almost rounded, weakly prominent and flat on top, not reaching depression margins. Surface not rugose or, if so, then rugae poorly conspicuous only inside depression in front of tubercle. Antebasal carina interrupted at middle (at least twice width of carina), sinuous towards lateral carina. Secondary carina feebly curved, widely interrupted at middle, reaching lateral carina. Laterobasal carina reaching posterior margin of prothorax. Prosternum almost flat, with fine, moderately sparse punctures; antecoxal furrow shallow, narrow and curved, interrupted at middle by strongly acuminate prosternal projection reaching intercoxal process. Prosternal process even with prosternum. Mesosternum almost dull, finely punctate, with coalescent, irregular, shallow punctures near intercoxal process. Intercoxal process of mesosternum shallowly, longitudinally impressed, swollen at apical and lateral margins, with lateroapical projections. Elytra 2.2–2.3 times as long as wide across humeri, strongly depressed at basal two thirds between suture and interstriae 2, convex at apical third; basal gibbosities inconspicuous; surface rugose only on basal 1/4. Sides subparallel, feebly converging apically from basal third. Anteapical tubercles absent, interstriae 3–9 barely swollen. Wings without radial cell.

Abdomen. Ventrite I with developed, almost rounded setiferous sex patch, slightly truncate at posterior margin, clothed with dense, erect, moderately long, shining yellowish scales, slightly darker than ventral body vestiture. Intercoxal process deeply grooved. Ventrite V not impressed on disk, slightly emarginate at apex. Pygidium wider than long, subconvex at anterior half with short groove to fit elytra; apical margin rounded­truncate.

Terminalia. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 76 ) slightly wider than long, subparallel at sides, rounded­truncate at apical margin; sternite VIII ( Fig. 90 ) convergent at sides, slightly emarginate at apical margin, forming large, poorly defined lobes, apodeme triangular and sclerotised; apodeme of sternite IX ( Fig. 104 ) 4 times as long as arms. Tegmen ( Fig. 118 ) rounded at apex. Aedeagus ( Figs. 150–153 ) without arc between apodemes; tectum ( Fig. 150 ) acuminate apically from middle, proximal margin conspicuously emarginate; pedon ( Figs. 151, 152 ) with body curved, narrowed apically, apodemes weakly curved. Internal sac ( Fig. 152 ) almost half as long as aedeagus, spiculated at distal two thirds; median sclerites narrow and strongly sclerotised ( Fig. 153 ).

Female. Rostrum shorter, 1.3–1.5 times as long as wide across base. Antennae short, exceeding middle of prothorax; segments II–IV subequal in length, V slightly shorter; VI–VII subequal in length; VIII shortest; IX and XI respectively longer than VIII and X (II = 0.3–0.7; III = 0.2–0.6; IV = 0.3–0.6; V = 0.2–0.5; VI = 0.2–0.8; VII = 0.2–0.9; VIII = 0.2–0.3; IX = 0.3–0.6; X = 0.3–0.5; XI = 0.5–0.8). Elytra feebly more convex. Ventrite V expanded on each side at apex. Terminalia similar to that of P. mixtus , differing by tergite VIII slightly rounded at sides, feebly emarginate at apex, and spermathecal gland elongate, twice as long as spermatheca.

Measurements in mm, male/female, respectively. TL = 10.2–21.4/8.8–19.2; RL = 1.3–3.5/1.2–2.5; RAW = 1.2–2.4/1.1–2.3; RBW = 1.0–2.0/0.9–1.6; HW = 1.3–2.9/ 1.5–2.8; DSO = 0.4–1.5/0.3–0.8; MLO = 1.0–1.7/0.8–1.6; PL = 2.8–5.7/2.5–5.2; PW = 2.7–5.3/2.3–4.9; EL = 6.7–13.9/6.0–12.8; EW = 2.9–6.2/2.7–5.8.

Variability

The coloured dorsal scales intermingled with whitish scales may vary from lightbrown to olivaceous­green or pale ochreous­green, and all the pale tonalities may occur together in a single specimen. The setiferous sex patch, from subtriangular to suboval; pilosity looking brownish due to artificial light.

Type material

Two female syntypes of P. antiquus Jekel, 1855 (MNHN) were examined. The specimens lack individual labels, and there is a single common label fixed at the bottom of the box, written: “ antiquus KL., Jek. Ins. Saund. , Bahia ”. Type locality: Bahia ( Brazil). The holotype of P. affinis Jordan, 1894 (BMNH) was examined and is labelled as follows: 1) Type [rounded, white with red border, impress]; 2) Ptychoderes affinis , male, Type, Jordan; 3) Karl Jordan coll., B. M. 1940–109. Type locality: Jordan (1894) mentioned only “ Brazil ”.

The examination of the type material allowed stablishment of the present synonymy. Jordan (1894), in describing P. affinis , related this species to P. obsoletus . However, in 1906, he allocated P. affinis and P. antiquus within the “Group I”, distinguishing them from the other species of the group by the elytra convex at apex, lacking anteapical tubercles.

Jekel (1855: 59) in describing P. antiquus mentioned two names in litt., P. regularis and P. nanus . Herein, both are considered nomina nuda. The name P. antiquus var. nanus was established by Jekel when he nominated the variety of P. antiquus . According to ICNZ, names published as “varieties” before 1961 are subspecific and so, available (Art. 45.6.4).

Remarks

P. antiquus is the sister group of the clade P. nebulosus + P. elongatus by the synapomorphies: sides of ventrites III to V with a small, dark spot of dense, blackish­ brown scales (3 2); sides of prosternum with dark vitta not narrowed posteriorly (4 2); median tubercle of central pronotal depression flattened (20 6); and females ventrite V expanded at sides (35 1).

P. antiquus differs from P. nebulosus and P. elongatus , mainly by the antecoxal prosternal furrow, which is shallow, narrow and curved, interrupted at middle by a well developed, acuminate prosternal projection that reaches the base of intercoxal process, and elytra without anteapical tubercles.

Distribution ( Fig. 266 )

FRENCH GUIANA, BRAZIL (Rondônia, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul) , PARAGUAY and ARGENTINA

Material examined

FRENCH GUIANA. Caiena, 1 F, ( MZSP) . BRAZIL. 1 M, (nº 54/145) ( MNRJ, compared with types);1 M, ex­col. Sharp ( BMNH). Rondônia: Vilhena, 2 M, 1 F, XII .1986, 2 F, I.1987, Elias leg. (Polonoroeste) ( DZUP, compared with types), 1 M, XII .1986, Elias leg. (Polonoroeste) ( MNRJ, compared with types). Goiás: Rio das Mortes, 1 F, IX .1954 ( MZSP); Utiariti ( Rio Papagaio ), 1 M, XI .1966 Lenko & Pereira leg. ( MZSP). Mato Grosso: (12° 31’ S 55° 46’ W), 1 F, XII .1968, RS/RGS exp. Brazil – R . A. Beaver leg. (685), (“ light trap, Bace Camp. ”) ( BMNH); Barra dos Bugres, 1 F , X.1983, Roppa & Silva leg. ( MNRJ); Vera (12° 46’ S 55° 36’ W), 1 F , X.1973, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. ( MNRJ). Mato Grosso do Sul: Dourados, 1 F, XII .1975, Lorenzoni leg. ( DZUP). Bahia: Encruzilhada (estr. Rio – Bahia, 960 m), 2 M, 1 F, XI .1974 ( MNRJ), 1 M, XII .1974 ( DZUP). Minas Gerais: Ibiá , 1 F, X.1965, Elias leg. ( DZUP). Espírito Santo: Conceição da Barra, 1 M, 1 F, XII .1968, Elias leg. ( DZUP). Barra do São Francisco ( Córrego do Ita ), 8 M, 6 F, XI .1956, Zikán leg. ( MNRJ), 1 F, XII .1956 , Zikán leg. ( DZUP, compared with types), 4 M, 4 F, XI .1957 , Almeida leg. ( MZSP). Córrego Menezes , 1 M, XII .1971 , Lima leg. ( DZUP). Linhares , 1 M, 1 F, II.1968, Oliveira leg., 1 M, 1 F XI.1964, Werner, Oliveira & Seabra leg., 1 F, X.1969, Morais leg., 1 M, XII .1970, Alvarenga leg., 2 F, XI.1971, Domingos leg. ( DZUP), 2 M, 1 F, II – III.1970, Silva leg. ( MNRJ), 1 F, X.1972, Elias leg. ( MZSP). Santa Teresa , 4 M, 1 F, XII .1964, 1 M, I.1966, 1 M, 2 F XII .1966, 1 F, IV.1967, 1 M, 1 F, XII .1967 , Elias leg. ( DZUP). São Paulo: Franca, 1 M (no data) Dreher leg.; Itu, 1 M, 1900 ( MZSP); Marília , 1 M, 1 F ( MZSP, compared with type); Nova Europa ( Faz. Itaquerê ), 1 F, XII .1964 , Lenko leg.; Peruíbe ( Barra do Una ), 1 M, XII.1980, exped. MZSP leg.; Porto Cabral, 6 M, III .1944, Travassos­Filho, Carrera & Dente leg.; Ribeirão­Preto ( Rio Tamanduá ), 1 F, VI .1953, Barreto leg.; São Paulo, 1 F, I.1968, Esmen leg. ( MZSP). Rio de Janeiro: Caramujos , 1 M , X.1935, Zikán leg. ( MNRJ); Itatiaia (700m), 1 M, XII .1953, Seabra & Alvarenga leg. ( DZUP); Rio de Janeiro, 1 F, ex­leg. Fry ( BMNH). Paraná: Arapongas , 2 M , I.1952, 1 M, 1 F, II .1952, Maller leg. ( DZUP), 1 F, XII.1951, 1 F, II .1952 , Maller leg. ( MNRJ); Foz do Iguaçu , 1 F, XII.1996, exped. DZUP leg. ( DZUP); Jaguariaiva , 1 F , I.1972 (cerrado), 3 M, 1 F, XI .1972, Moure leg. ( DZUP); Ponta Grossa , 1 F, XI .1941, Justus leg., 1 M, I.1947 (in dead avocado tree) ( DZUP); Rolândia , 1 M, XII .1951, Maller leg. ( DZUP, compared with types), 1 F, XI .1953, 1 F, XII.1954, Maller leg. ( DZUP), 1 F, XI.1950, 2 F, III.1951, 1 M, X.1953, 5 M, 5 F, VII .1954, 1 F, X.1956, Dirings leg. ( MZSP). Santa Catarina: Campo Alto, 1 F, II .1973, Sakakibara & Milke leg.( DZUP); Corupá , 1 M , I.1954, Maller leg. ( DZUP); Joinvile , 1 F, Brückner leg. ( MNRJ, compared with types), 1 F, XII .1953, 1 M, III .1956 , Dirings leg. ( MZSP). Seara ( Nova Teutônia ), 1 F, I.1935, B. Pohl leg., 1 F, XII .1965, Plaumann leg. ( MZSP), 1 M, X.1973, Plaumann leg. ( DZUP). Timbó , 1 M, XII .1938, B. Pohl leg., 1 F I.1955, 1 M (compared with types), IV .1956, 1 F, III.1960, 1 F, V.1962, 1 F, II .1964 , Dirings leg. ( MZSP). Rio Grande do Sul: Caxias , 1 M, I.1927 (coll. MCN 163–845) ( MCNZ); Garibaldi , 1 M, II .1953 (coll. MCN 163–844) ( MCNZ); Porto Alegre ( Praia do Tigre ), 1 M , I.1975, Vieira leg. (coll. MCN. 163–846) ( MCNZ); Santo Ângelo , 1 M, II .1937 (leg. MCN.163–847) ( MCNZ). PARAGUAY. Alto Paraná: Bella Vista (1 M, 7 F, II – III.1950 ( BMNH), 1 F, II – III .1950 ( MZSP), Hohenau , 1 F, XII.1954, L. Peña leg. ( ACMB). ARGE NTINA. Jujuy: Ledesma, 1 M, X.1984, Correa leg. ( MACN) .

Figures

FIGURES 70–84. Eighth tergite, male, dorsal. 70, Hypselotropis annulicornis; 71, Ptychoderes mixtus; 72, P. bivittatus; 73, P. callosus; 74, P. rugicollis; 75, P. viridanus; 76, P. antiquus; 77, P. elongatus; 78, P.nebulosus; 79, P. longicollis; 80, P.jordani; 81, P. obsoletus; 82, P. magnus; 83, P. depressus; 84, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 85–112. 85–98, eighth sternite, male, ventral. 85, Ptychoderes mixtus; 86, P. bivittatus; 87, P. callosus; 88, P. rugicollis; 89, P. viridanus; 90, P. antiquus; 91, P. elongatus; 92, P. nebulosus; 93, P. longicollis; 94, P. jordani; 95, P. obsoletus; 96, P. magnus; 97, P. depressus; 98, P. virgatus. 99–112, ninth sternite, male, ventral. 99, Ptychoderes mixtus; 100, P. bivittatus; 101, P. callosus; 102, P. rugicollis; 103, P. viridanus; 104, P. antiquus; 105, P. elongatus; 106, P.nebulosus; 107, P. longicollis; 108, P. jordani; 109, P. obsoletus; 110, P. magnus; 111, P. depressus; 112, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 113–126. Tegmen, dorsal. 113, Ptychoderes mixtus; 114, P. bivittatus; 115, P. callosus; 116, P. rugicollis; 117, P. viridanus; 118, P. antiquus; 119, P. elongatus; 120, P. nebulosus; 121, P. longicollis; 122, P. jordani; 123, P. obsoletus; 124, P. magnus; 125, P. depressus; 126, P. virgatus. ap=apodeme; pf=preapical flange; sr=sclerotized ring; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 142–157. Aedeagus. 142–145, Ptychoderes rugicollis, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 145, sclerite, dorsal; 146–149, P. viridanus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 149, sclerite, dorsal; 150–153, P. antiquus, dorsal, ventral and lateral; 153, sclerite, dorsal; 154–157, P. elongatus, dorsal, ventral and lateral; 157, sclerite, dorsal; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 221–227. 221, Ptychoderes callosus Jekel, 1855, male; 222, P. rugicollis Jordan, 1895, male; 223, P. viridanus Boheman, 1833, male; 224, P. antiquus Jekel, 1855, male; 225, P. elongatus (Germar, 1824), male; 226–227, P. nebulosus (Olivier, 1795), male.

FIGURES 265–266. 265. Geographical distribution of P. bivittatus (black squares), P. magnus (white triangles), P. obsoletus (black triangles). 266. Geographical distribution of P. mixtus (black squares), P. viridanus (lozenge), P. antiquus (white circles).