Carpinus polyneura Franch., J. Bot. 13: 202. 1899.

He, Qianqian, Zhao, Runan, He, Anguo, Zhu, Zunling & Tong, Yihua, 2021, Taxonomic Identity of Carpinus dayongina Franchet (Betulaceae), PhytoKeys 177, pp. 63-75 : 63

Carpinus polyneura Franch., J. Bot. 13: 202. 1899.

Carpinus turczaninovii polyneura ≡ Carpinus turczaninovii var. polyneura (Franch.) H. J. P. Winkl., Das Pflanzenreich IV 61 (Heft 19): 38 ( Winkler 1904). - Type: China, Su-tchuen [Sichuan], in District de Tchen kéou tin [Chengkou County], P. G. Farges s. n. (lectotype: P06811144!, designated by Holstein and Weigend 2017; isolectotypes: P06811145!, P06811146!) (Fig. 1A ).

Carpinus dayongina = Carpinus dayongina K. W. Liu & Q. Z. Lin, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(2): 143. 1986. syn. nov. - Type: China, Hunan, Dayong [now Zhangjiajie], Tianmenshan, 1100 m a.s.l., 28 July 1985, K. W. Liu [Liu Ke Wang] 33359 (holotype: CSFI050241!; isotype: PE01843387!) (Fig. 1B ). - Additional original material: ibid., 25 August 1984, Y. T. Xiao [Xiao Yu Tan] 40700 (paratypes: CSFI017465!, CSFI017535!, CSFI017536!, CSFI017538!, CSFI017539!, CSFI017542!) (Figs 1C and D ).

Description.

A deciduous tree, up to 15 m tall. Bark grey. Branchlets slender, dark purplish, covered with white roundish lenticels, densely villous and soon glabrous. Petiole 5-11 mm, 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, sometimes oblong or ovate, 2.5-8 × 1-3 cm, base broadly sub-rounded or slightly cordate, margin doubly setiform serrate, sometimes simply setiform serrate at the apex or simply setiform serrate, upper surface sparsely villous, densely villous along the veins, glabrescent, lower surface densely villous along the veins, sometimes bearded in axils of lateral veins, lateral veins 15-20 on each side of the mid-vein. Infructescence 1.4-6.5 cm long, pendent, peduncle slender, densely villous with white roundish lenticels; bracts semi-ovate-lanceolate, 5-15 × 3-6 mm, outer margin dentate, without basal lobe, inner margin entire with small, inflexed basal auricle. Nutlets broadly ovoid, 2-4 × 1.5-3 mm, villous at apex, glabrous or sparsely villous or pubescent on the remaining part, ribbed.

Distribution and habitat.

China: Chongqing, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. This species grows in subtropical broad-leaved forests or thickets at altitudes of 400-1900 m.

Additional specimens examined.

Carpinus polyneura : Chongqing, Chengkou, 5 September 1958, T. L. Dai 104405 (IBSC, NAS, PE, SZ); Chongqing, Chengkou, 6 September 1956, T. L. Dai 104469 (IBSC, NAS, PE, SZ); Chongqing, Chengkou, 14 September 1958, T. L. Dai 104783 (IBSC, NAS, PE, SZ); Chongqing, Chengkou, 20 September 1958, T. L. Dai 104961 (IBK, NAS, PE); Chongqing, Fengjie, 1 June 1958, Z. R. Zhang 25054 (HIB, IBSC, IFP, KUN, NAS, PE); Chongqing, Fengjie, 16 June 1958, H. F. Zhou 26317 (HIB, IBSC, IFP, KUN, NAS, PE); Chongqing, Fengjie, 25 June 1958, H. F. Zhou 26421 (HIB, IBSC, IFP, KUN, PE); Chongqing, Nanchuan, 8 June 1957, J. H. Xiong & Z. L. Zhou 91297 (HIB, IBSC); Chongqing, Nanchuan, 29 June 1957, J. H. Xiong & Z. L. Zhou 91753 (HIB); Chongqing, Wushan, 15 October 1958, G. H. Yang 59826 (IBSC, PE, SHM); Chongqing, Wushan, 20 August 1964, H. F. Zhou & H. Y. Li 110088 (IBSC, PE, SZ); Chongqing, Wuxi, 8 August 1958, M. Y. Fang 23898 (HIB, IBSC, IFP, KUN, PE, SZ); Chongqing, Wuxi, 30 June 1958, G. H. Yang 58658 (IBK, IBSC, PE, SHM); Gansu Province, Chengxian, 31 August 1958, Z. P. Wei 2245 (HHBG, HNWP, SZ, WUK); Guizhou Province, Tungtze, 27 May 1930, Y. Tsiang 5177 (IBSC, NAS, PE); Hubei Province, Badong, 31 October 1958, S. X. Fu 1228 (HIB); Hubei Province, Hefeng, 27 August 1958, H. J. Li 5874 (HIB, IBSC, KUN, PE, SZ); Hubei Province, Shennongjia, 29 August 1976, Hubei Shennongjia Botanical Expedition 32766 (HIB, PE); Hubei Province, Shennongjia, 10 August 1976, Hubei Shennongjia Botanical Expedition 31451 (HIB, PE); Hubei Province, Shennongjia, 19 June 1976, Hubei Shennongjia Botanical Expedition 30417 (HIB, PE); Hubei Province, Shennongjia, 12 August 1976, Hubei Shennongjia Botanical Expedition 11239 (HIB, PE); Hubei Province, Shennongjia, 26 August 1976, Hubei Shennongjia Botanical Expedition 22775 (HIB); Hubei Province, Shennongjia, 3 June 1987, Y. Liu 00668 (HIB, NAS, PE); Hubei Province, Shennongjia, August - September 1959, Z. E. Zhao 113 (HIB); Hubei Province, Xingshan, 3 June 1957, Y. Liu 668 (KUN, NAS, PE); Hunan Province, Anhua, 2 October 1978, Z. H. Shen 1669 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Baojing, 8 August 1991, X. L. Yu 91547 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Chengbu, 14 July 1981, T. R. Cao 032 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Chengbu, August 1981, Q. Z. Lin 11152 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Cili, 1 September 1984, Xiangxi Expedition 0066 (PE); Hunan Province, Longshan, 10 August 1957, B. M. Yang 2041 (IBSC, PE); Hunan Province, Luxi, 12 April 1982, K. W. Liu 30079 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Qianyang Expedition 122207 (IBK); Hunan Province, Sangzhi, 24 August 1988, Beijing Expedition 3922 (PE); Hunan Province, Sangzhi, October 1976, Sangzhi Expedition 960 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Shimen, 30 June 1979, P. C. Cai 20297 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Shimen, 24 May 1987, C. L. Long 87290 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Shimen, 4 May 1980, J. R. Zheng 80108 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Yongshun, 31 May 1988, Beijing Expedition 00571 (PE); Hunan Province, Yongshun, 5 June 1988, Beijing Expedition 01123 (PE); Hunan Province, Yongshun, 22 August 1991, X. L. Yu 91751 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Yongshun, 27 August 1991, X. L. Yu 91854 (CSFI); Hunan Province, Yuanling, 23 June 1988, Zhang et al. 512 (PE); Hunan Province, Yuanling, 23 June 1988, G. C. Zhang et al. 510 (PE); Hunan Province, Yuanling, 15 June 1988, Zhang et al. 380 (PE); Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie, 18 August 1979, P. C. Cai 20442 (CSFI); Jiangxi Province, anonymous 0470 (SHM); Jiangxi Province, Quannan, 27 June 1958, anonymous 01184 (PE); Jiangxi Province, Shangrao, 21 June 1982, anonymous 518 (LBG); Jiangxi Province, Xiushui, 4 September 1963, S. K. Lai 03449 (LBG, SHM); Jiangxi Province, Zixi, 11 October 1985, S. K. Lai & D. F. Huang 319 (LBG); Jiangxi Province, Zixi, 7 November 1957, M. J. Wang et al. 2561 (NAS); Shaanxi Province, Langao, 27 July 1959, P. Y. Li 8277 (KUN); Shaanxi Province, Zhenping, 13 May 1989, G. Y. Xu 4899 (WUK); Shaanxi Province, Zhenping, 20 July 1991, J. S. Ying et al. 217 (WUK); Sichuan Province, without date, anonymous 20574 (IBK); Sichuan Province, without date, anonymous 6255 (IBK); Sichuan Province, without date, E. H. Wilson 5191 (IBSC); Sichuan Province, without date, S. Y. Hu 1906 (KUN); Sichuan Province, without date, S. G. Wu 394 (KUN); Sichuan Province, 23 November 1935, W. G. Hu 8842 (IBK); Sichuan Province, 23 November 1935, W. G. Hu 8832 (IBK, SZ); Sichuan Province, Baoxing, 1954, Z. P. Song 39145 (IBSC, KUN, PE, WUK); Sichuan Province, Baoxing, 9 May 1954, Z. P. Song 38130 (IBSC, KUN, PE, SHM, SZ); Sichuan Province, Dujiangyan, 29 October 1956, Q. Li 47102 (IBSC, PE, SZ); Sichuan Province, Ebian, 28 October 1938, T. N. Liou 12651 (WUK); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 18 May 1929, W. P. Fang 14651 (IBSC); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 6 May 1931, W. P. Fang 18625 (IBSC, SZ); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 15 June 1952, W. P. Fang et al. 31110 (IBK, IBSC, NAS); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 13 September 1952, W. P. Fang et al. 32478 (IBK, PE); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 26 September 1952, W. P. Fang et al. 32888 (IBK, IBSC, NAS, SHM); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 6 September 1957, G. H. Yang 57149 (HIB, IBSC, KUN, NAS, PE); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, without date, Sichuan University Biology Department Expedition 54569 (HIB, IBSC, KUN, NAS, PE, SZ); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, without date, Sichuan University Biology Department Expedition 52273 (HIB); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, without date, Sichuan University Biology Department Expedition 51243 (HIB); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 25 April 1940, S. L. Sun 1711 (KUN, PE); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 1 May 1940, S. L. Sun 1800 (KUN); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 17 May 1940, S. L. Sun 1993 (KUN); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 21 May 1940, S. L. Sun 2127 (KUN, PE); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 6 June 1931, F. T. Wang 23224 (IBSC, PE, WUK); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, without date, J. H. Xiong et al. 31690 (IBSC); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, sin.dat. J. H. Xiong et al. 31790 (IBK); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 10 May 1957, G. H. Yang 54569 (IBSC, KUN, NAS, PE, SZ); Sichuan Province, Emeishan, 6 September 1957, G. H. Yang 57149 (HIB, IBSC, KUN, NAS, PE, SZ); Zhejiang Province, Jiande, 4 July 1986, C. R. Wu L8413260 (IBSC); Zhejiang Province, Tiantai, 1958, G. R. Chen 2383 (KUN, PE); Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, 21 June 1984, Y. J. Gao et al. 823-068 (IBSC).

Figures

Figure 1. Specimens of Carpinus polyneura Franchet A lectotype of C. polyneura (P. G. Farges s. n., P 06811144) B holotype of C. dayongina K. W. Liu & Q. Z. Lin (K. W. Liu 33359, CSFI 050241) C paratype of C. dayongina (Y. T. Xiao 40700, CSFI 017465) D paratype of C. dayongina (Y. T. Xiao 40700, CSFI 017535).