Ooctonus sublaevis Foerster, 1847

Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2010, Revision of the Palaearctic species and review of the Oriental species of Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with notes on extralimital taxa 2381, Zootaxa 2381 (1), pp. 1-74 : 45-49

Ooctonus sublaevis Foerster, 1847

( Figs 81–92 )

Ooctonus sublaevis Foerster 1847: 202 ; 1 female mentioned by Foerster (1847) but 2 female and 2 male apparent syntypes found in NHMW, all examined; type locality: Aachen [area], North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Ooctonus sublevis Dalla Torre 1898: 431 (an unjustified emendation of O. sublaevis Foerster ).

Ooctonus polonicus Soyka 1949: 67–68 ; holotype female [NHMW], examined; type locality: Vorokhta, Ivano- Frankivs’k Region [Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast], Ukraine [indicated by Soyka (1949) as “Magura Worochta, Poland ”; during the time of collection, that area was part of Poland, but it was part of the USSR ( Ukraine SSR) during the time of publication]), syn. n.

Ooctonus sublaevis Foerster : Soyka 1949: 70 (redescription); Hincks 1960: 211–212 (diagnosis, records of both sexes from England).

Ooctonus montanus Soyka 1950: 130–131 ; holotype female [NHMW], examined; type locality: Krkonoše Mountains, ca. 1400 m, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland [indicated by Soyka (1950) as Riesengebirge (Schlesien)], syn. n.

Ooctonus remonti Mathot 1969: 12–13 ; holotype female [ISNB], examined; type locality: Tervuren , Flemish Brabant, Belgium, syn. n.

Ooctonus dovrensis Solem & Sveum 1980: 274–276 ; holotype female [NTNU], examined; type locality: Vestbekk 10, Kongsvoll, Oppdal, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway, syn. n.

Ooctonus dovrensis Solem & Sveum : Donev 1983: 33 (distribution); Donev 1988d: 204 (distribution).

Type material examined. Ooctonus dovrensis Solem & Sveum : Holotype female [ NTNU] in alcohol, labeled [the original labels were inside a glass vial with an aluminum screw-cap]: 1. “ Norway, STi: Oppdal , Kongsvoll Vestbekken v / 10 August 1978 coll. Per Sveum sub-alpine birch belt.”; 2. “ Ooctonus dovrensis n.sp. det. J. O. Solem and Per Sveum Holotype (♀)”; 3. “487”. 3 male paratypes [ NTNU] in alcohol, labeled [the original labels were inside a glass vial with an aluminum screw-cap]: 1. “STi: Oppdal, Kongsvoll, Vestbekk v / 10 August 1978 coll. P. Sveum sub-alpine birch forest”; 2. “ Ooctonus dovrensis n.sp. det. J. O. Solem and P. Sveum Paratypes (♂♂) coll. #488”. The holotype and the above-mentioned two paratypes were originally stored in alcohol so all are slightly faded. They were critically point dried at UCRC on 16.iv.2008 and then point-mounted; the remaining paratypes [3 slide-mounted females, 9 slide-mounted males, and 8 males in alcohol ( Solem & Sveum 1980)] were not examined (all in NTNU). One of the forewings from the holotype specimen was slide-mounted because it came off during the drying process.

Ooctonus montanus Soyka : Holotype female [ NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Ooctonus montanus (Soyka) ♀ Type ”; 2. “ Type ”; 3. “ Riesengebirge ca. 1400 m [many illegible words follow, see Soyka (1950) for their likely interpretation] 28.9.1933 Stammer In Canadabalsam ”.

Ooctonus polonicus Soyka : Holotype female [ NHMW] on slide labeled: 1. “ Ooctonus polonicus ♀ ”; 2. “ Type ”; 3. “ Magura Worochta 20.VIII.33, Novicky lg Magura Worochta In Canadab. 1941”.

Ooctonus remonti Mathot : Holotype female [ ISNB] on slide labeled: 1. “ Université de Louvain LAB. ENTOMOLOGIE Tervueren 4.VII.45 Etang du Mérisier”; 2. “ Université de Louvain LAB. ENTOMOLOGIE Ooctonus remonti DEB. TYPE ♀ ”. The holotype specimen is complete, poorly mounted laterally.

Ooctonus sublaevis Foerster : Lectotype female [ NHMW], here designated to avoid ambiguity of the status of the type specimens of this species, on slide ( Fig. 81 ) labeled: 1. “ Ooctonus sublaevis Förster ♀ Soyka Canadab. 5”; 2. [red] “Type”; 3. “ O. sublaevis [in India ink, in A. Foerster’s handwriting] Förster, Type”; 4. “Aach. Förster”; 5. “Collect. G. Mayr”. The lectotype specimen ( Figs 82, 83 ) is in fair condition, mounted more or less dorsoventrally; flagella of both antennae are detached (one of them together with the pedicel). Foerster (1847) mentioned only one specimen of this species, which apparently (although that is not possible to know for sure) was later indicated by Soyka (1949) as a “type” and marked by him as such after he remounted it onto a slide from the original minuten pin. However, I found in NHMW three additional slides with 1 female and 2 males, labeled in W. Soyka’s handwriting as “ Ooctonus sublaevis Förster ” and “Collect. G. Mayr Aachen, Förster Förster, Type in Canabab.”. There is little doubt that these had been originally identified (correctly) by A. Foerster himself and were likely part of the original material of O. sublaevis (A. Foerster did not mark his type specimens and, furthermore, most of his specimens, collected by G. Mayr in the environs of Aachen, Germany, were labeled as “Förster, Type” regardless of their type status, if any); W. Soyka later remounted them from the minuten pins and copied the original labels. Thus, these three specimens are also considered to be the original syntypes and are designated here as paralectotypes. This seems to be a more reasonable approach than Soyka’s (1949) interpretation of just one of these specimens (the present lectotype female) as “type”.

Material examined. AUSTRIA. TIROL, Mieden Wald, 23.viii.1959, W. Soyka [1 ♀, NHMW]. Unknown locality (an illegible label), viii.1952, W. Soyka [1 ♀, NHMW] . BELGIUM. LIÈGE: Mont Rigi: 1–6.vii.1983 [1 ♂, CNCI]; 25.viii–1.ix.1983 [1 ♀, CNCI]. Wanze, Antheit , Corphalie, R. Detry : 28.vii– 1.viii.1989 [1 ♀, ISNB]; 3–17.xi.1989 [1 ♂, ISNB]. LUXEMBOURG, near Éthe and Buzenol , 16–30.vi.1981, P. Grootaert [1 ♀, CNCI] . CZECH REPUBLIC. CENTRAL BOHEMIA, Hlavanec (near Brandýs nad Labem ), 200 m, 14.vi.1963, V. Martinek [1 ♂, CNCI] . GERMANY. BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG, Schwarzwald, near Todtinoos , 6.viii.1984, L. Masner [1 ♀, CNCI, 2 ♂, CNCI, UCRC] . JAPAN. Hokkaido Island ,

HOKKAIDŌ, Sapporo, Misumai, 100 m, 30.vi.1989, M.J. Sharkey [1 ♀, CNCI]. RUSSIA. MOSKOVS- KAYA OBLAST’: NOGINSKIY RAYON, Fryazevo , M.E. Tretiakov : 25.vi–2.vii.2000 [1 ♂, UCRC] ; 3– 8.vii.2000 [1 ♂, UCRC] ; 7–15.vii.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC]. PUSHKINSKIY RAYON, Mamontovka , 20– 31.vii.2000, E.Ya. Shouvakhina [1 ♀, UCRC]. PRIMORSKIY KRAY: Gornotayozhnoye (18 km SE of Ussuriysk), 43.66°N 132.25°E, 200 m, M.V. Michailovskaya : 11–12.vi.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC] ; 11–21.vi.2000 [1 ♂, UCRC] ; 11–20.viii.2000 [1 ♀, UCRC] ; 1–10.x.2001 [1 ♂, UCRC] ; 11–26.vii.2003 [1 ♀, UCRC] ; 17– 27.vii.2003 [1 ♀, UCRC]. TERNEYSKIY RAYON, Mel'nichnyi , 29.vi–1.vii.2001, M.V. Michailovskaya [1 ♀, UCRC]. SAKHALINSKAYA OBLAST’: Kuril Islands, Shikotan Island, inland of Gorobets Bay , 43°49.26’N 146°42.48’E , 18.viii.1998, B.K. Urbain [5 ♀, 2 ♂, CAS]. Sakhalin Island, 6 km E of Sokol, near Belaya River , 47°14.56’N 142°46.56’E, D.J. Bennett, T. Anderson : 31.vii.2001 [1 ♂, CAS] ; 16.viii.2001 [3 ♀, CAS]. SWEDEN. UPPSALA: Eriksberg , 14–26.vii.1986, F. Ronquist [1 ♀, CNCI]. Nåsten , 14–24.vii.1986, F. Ronquist [1 ♀, 1 ♂, CNCI]. SWITZERLAND. ZÜRICH, Dielsdorf , 650 m , 17.viii.1984, L. Masner [1 ♂, CNCI]. UNITED KINGDOM. ENGLAND: BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, Burnham Beeches , 24.viii.1911, C.O. Waterhouse [1 ♀, BMNH]. HAMPSHIRE, Brockenhurst , C.O. Waterhouse : 28.ix.1906 [1 ♀, BMNH] ; 12.viii.1908 [1 ♂, BMNH] ; 8.vii.1909 [1 ♂, BMNH] ; 30.v.1912 [1 ♀, BMNH]. SURREY, Richmond , C.O. Waterhouse : 4.vii.1908 [1 ♀, BMNH] ; 14.vii.1908 [1 ♂, BMNH] ; 28.viii.1908 [1 ♀, BMNH] ; 26.ix.1908 [1 ♀, BMNH] ; 5.x.1908 [3 ♀, BMNH] ; 17.vii.1909 [1 ♀, BMNH] ; 24.ix.1909 [1 ♀, BMNH] ; 5.ix.1911 [1 ♀, BMNH] ; 12.ix.1911 [1 ♂, BMNH] ; 23.ix.1911 [1 ♀, BMNH]. YORKSHIRE: Keighley, J. Wood [misidentified by W.D. Hincks as O. insignis ] : 11.viii.1946 [1 ♀, MMUE] ; 26.vii.1949 [1 ♀, MMUE] ; 29.vii.1949 [1 ♀, MMUE]. Malham Tarn, W.D. Hincks : 18.viii.1957 [1 ♂, MMUE] ; 26.vii.1959 [1 ♂, MMUE] .

Extralimital records. USA. ALASKA: [City and Borough of] JUNEAU, Mendenhall Valley, at Dredge Lake , 14 km N of Juneau, 17–25.viii.1999, M. Schultz [1 ♀, UCRC]. VALDEZ-CORDOVA [Census Area], Valdez, Valdez Glacier Campground, 2.viii.1978, P.H. Arnaud, Jr. [3 ♀, 1 ♂, CAS] .

Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype and paralectotype of O. sublaevis , holotypes of O. montanus , O. polonicus , and O. remonti , and non-type specimens). Body length 890–1160 µm (1450 µm in a large specimen from Mendenhall Valley, Alaska, USA). Body dark brown except eyes and ocelli pale or dirty pink and petiole yellowish; scape and pedicel mostly yellowish (with some light brown), flagellum brown to dark brown (F1 sometimes light brown); legs yellowish except distal tarsomeres brownish.

Head a little wider than mesosoma. Face with weak sculpture, vertex more strongly sculptured.

Antenna ( Figs 83 , 84 ) slender, with radicle 0.18–0.23x length of scape, remainder of scape 3.9–5.1x as long as wide, slightly longitudinally striate; pedicel usually a little longer than F1 but occasionally about as long as F1; all funicle segments longer than wide, F1 usually shorter than F2, F3–F8 more or less subequal in length (F8 a little shorter), F1–F4 without mps (very rarely F4 with 1 mps), F5–F8 wider than preceding funicle segments in lateral view, usually with 2 mps each (F5 very rarely with 1 mps; occasionally F6 with just 1 mps or, very rarely, without mps); clava 3.8–4.2x as long as wide, either about as long as combined length of F6–F8 or a little longer or shorter, and longer than combined length of F1–F3, with 7 mps.

Mesosoma ( Figs 82 , 85 ) with pronotum lightly sculptured; mesoscutum and scutellum with rather weak reticulate sculpture (sometimes inconspicuous medially and posteriorly on posterior scutellum); metanotum smooth, with posterior margin broadly rounded; propodeum ( Fig. 86 ) mostly smooth, with median carina usually longer than or subequal in length to median areole, but often median carina incomplete, not extending to anterior margin of propodeum, or almost absent; lateral carinae long, subparallel to median carina, extending or almost extending to anterior margin of propodeum.

Forewing ( Figs 83 , 87 ) 2.7–3.2x as long as wide; disc with a slight brownish tinge, densely setose except bare behind base of submarginal vein, truncate apically; longest marginal seta 0.13–0.24x greatest width of wing. Hind wing ( Fig. 88 ) 15–21x as long as wide; disc with a slight brownish tinge and sparsely setose behind and just beyond venation; longest marginal seta 1.5–2.3x greatest width of wing.

Pro- and mesocoxae smooth, metacoxa weakly to strongly sculptured.

Gaster usually a little shorter than mesosoma ( Fig. 82 ); petiole long, 4.5–5.0x as long as wide, smooth, 1.3–1.4x as long as metacoxa; ovipositor occupying 0.7–0.8x length of gaster, barely or a just little exserted beyond apex of gaster (by at most 0.1x own length), 0.6–0.7x length of metatibia.

Measurements (µm) of the lectotype of O. sublaevis . Body: 1070; head: 166; mesosoma: 431; petiole: 164; gaster: 339; ovipositor: 251. Antenna: radicle: 36; rest of scape: 118; pedicel: 55; F1: 33; F2: 48; F3: 58; F4: 57; F5: 61; F6: 58; F7: 55; F8: 52; clava: 161/179. Forewing: 1027:332; longest marginal seta: 61. Hind wing: 750:36; longest marginal seta: 82. Legs (given as coxa, femur, tibia, tarsus): fore: 109, 207, 224, 243; middle: 88, 239, 334, 273; hind: 121, 242, 379, 279.

MALE (paralectotypes of O. sublaevis , and non-type specimens). Body length 850–1280 µm. Similar to female except for the normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna ( Fig. 89 ) with scape plus radicle 4.0–5.5x as long as wide, flagellum brown to dark brown; propodeum with median carina often strongly abbreviated or absent, and occasionally the median areole incomplete, open anteriorly ( Fig. 90 ), or lateral carinae incomplete, not extending to anterior margin of propodeum; forewing ( Fig. 92 ) 3.0–3.2x as long as wide, with apex usually at least slightly truncate but occasionally broadly rounded; gaster occasionally notably lighter than mesosoma (brown); genitalia as in Fig. 91 .

Diagnosis. Ooctonus sublaevis is characterized by the following unique combination of features: F1–F4 almost always without mps and F5–F8 usually with 2 mps each; propodeum with median carina longer than or subequal in length to the median areole but often median carina incomplete, not extending to anterior margin of propodeum, or almost absent.

Some large O. sublaevis may be confused with a few small specimens of O. insignis that lack mps on F4 of the female antenna, but O. sublaevis has 7 mps on the clava and a different arrangement of the propodeal carinae (the median carina is very short in O. insignis ); O. sublaevis differs from O. orientalis in lacking the broad Y-shaped anterior split of each of the lateral carinae on the propodeum.

Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Austria *, Belgium *, Czech Republic *, Germany, Japan *, Norway *, Poland *, Russia *, Sweden *, Switzerland *, UK ( England), Ukraine; unconfirmed record (no material has been examined): Bulgaria ( Donev 1983, 1988d) [as O. dovrensis ]. NEARCTIC*: USA * (Alaska).

Hosts. Unknown.

Figures

FIGURES 81–83. Ooctonus sublaevis ♀ (lectotype): 81, slide; 82, habitus; 83, forewing and most of antennae.

FIGURES 84–88. Ooctonus sublaevis ♀ (84, 85, 87, 88 – Mont Rigi, Liège, Belgium; 86 – near Todtinoos, Baden- Württemberg, Germany): 84, antenna; 85, mesosoma; 86, posterior scutellum, metanotum, and propodeum; 87, forewing; 88, hind wing.

FIGURES 89–92. Ooctonus sublaevis ♂ (89, 91 – Eriksberg, Uppsala, Sweden; 90, 92 – near Todtinoos, Baden-Württemberg, Germany): 89, antenna; 90, mesosoma; 91, genitalia; 92, forewing.