Ancylometes bogotensis (Keyserling)

Höfer, H. & Brescovit, A. D., 2000, A revision of the Neotropical spider genus Ancylometes Bertkau (Araneae: Pisauridae), Insect Systematics & Evolution 31, pp. 323-360 : 342-358

Ancylometes bogotensis (Keyserling)

(Fig. 12-17, 36-40, 62)

Ctenus bogotensis Keyserling, 1877: 684, pl. 8, fig. 54 (female holotype from Santa Fé de Bogota (= Bogota), Colombia, in BMNH 1890.7.1.2896-97, examined).

Lycoctenus bogotensis: Pickard-Cambridge 1897: 63.

Lycoctenus colombianus Pickard-Cambridge, 1897: 99, pl. 4, fig. i, 4 (male holotype from Colombia, in BMNH, not examined); 1901: 308.

Lycoctenus palustris Pickard-Cambridge, 1898: 899, pl. 54, fig. 11 (male holotype from Trinidad Island, W. Ince col., in BMNH, examined). Syn. n.

Ancylometes bogotensis: Simon 1898b: 299; Roewer 1954: 144; Bonnet 1955:317.

Ancylometes orinocensis Simon, 1898a: 17 (male holotype from Rio Orinoco, Venezuela, in MNHN no. 9549, examined); Roewer 1954: 145; Bonnet 1955: 318. Syn. n.

Ancylometes palustris: Simon 1898b: 299; Roewer 1954: 145; Bonnet 1955: 318.

Lycoctenus venezuelensis Strand, 1909: 334 (female holotype from Venezuela, Kummerow col., should be in ZMB, probably lost); 1912: 176. Syn. n.

Lycoctenus caracasensis Strand, 1910: 427 (immature female holotype from Caracas, Venezuela, in ZMB, examined). Syn. n.

Ancylometes caracasensis: Petrunkevitch 1911: 539; Roewer 1954: 145; Bonnet 1955: 317.

Ancylometes colombianus: Petrunkevitch 1911: 539.

Ancylometes acostae Schenkel, 1953: 32, fig. 28 (female lectotype from El Pozon, Acosta, Falcon, Venezuela, XI-XII.1924, K. Wiedenmeyer col., in ZMB no. 2243a, examined); Brignoli 1983: 462. Syn. n.

Ancylometes venezuelensis: Roewer 1954: 146; Bonnet 1955:319.

Ctenus nasutus Kraus, 1955: 50, pl. 8, fig. 133 (female holotype from forest 6 km N of Los Blancos, Dept. La Paz, El Salvador, 20. VI. 1951, A. Zilch col., in SMF no. 8677, examined); Brignoli 1983: 588. Syn. n.

Synonymies. - In cases where the type could not be examined a new synonymy is based on available figures ( Lycoctenus colombianus). The synonymy of Lycoctenus venezuelensis is founded on the location of the type locality within the distribution of A. bogotensis.

Diagnosis. - Male. Embolus in its middle part with small knob pointing to membranous lobe of basal part (Fig. 13). Median apophysis with characteristic internal bulge, membranous lobe on base of embolus rounded rectangular, not covering base of median apophysis (Fig. 12, 13, 36). Female: Epigynal median plate narrow triangular with characteristic central, narrow but prominent protuberance (Fig. 15, 37, 39, 40).

Description. - Male (SMNK 311). Prosoma brown with broad lateral white bands, eye region surrounded by white hairs. Chelicerae with white hairs near base. Abdomen and legs yellowish brown.

Palp. Tibia with curved ventral and black lateral apophysis (Fig. 14). Embolus broad at base, with rounded rectangular membranous lobe, and small knob pointing to this lobe (Fig. 13). Embolus forming a semicircle and ending filiform beneath apex of cymbium, median part embedded in conductor (Fig. 12, 13). Opposite to conductor a hammer-like median apophysis with internal bulge (Fig. 12). Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4(3) retromarginal teeth, third if present very small.

Measurements. Total length 21.0. Prosoma 11.2 long, 9.5 wide. Clypeus 0.75. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.45, ALE 0.35, PME 0.55, PLE 0.6; AME-AME 0.35, AME-ALE 0.4, PME-PME0.15, PME-PLE 0.5, AME-PLE 1.0, AME-PME0.25, MOQ length 1.3, front width 1.2, back width 1.35.

Legs. I-femur 12.0/ patella 5.7/ tibia 11.7/ metatarsus 11.2/ tarsus 6.6/ total 47.5; II- 11.4/ 5.5/ 10.3/ 10.3/ 6.0/ 43.5; III- 10.0/ 4.3/ 8.8/ 10.0/ 5.1/ 38.5; IV- 12.0/ 5.0/ 11.2/ 14.3/ 6.0/ 48.5. Cymbium 4.0 long, 2.3 wide, median apophysis 1.4 long.

Leg spination. Femora I-II p1-1-1-1, r1-1-1, d1- 1-1; III p1-1-1-1, r1-1-1-1, d1-1-1; IV p1-1-1, r1- 1-1, d1-1-1; patellae I-IV p1, r1; tibiae I v2 -2-2-2, p1-1, r1-1, d1-1-1; II v2 -1-1-1-1-1-2, p1-1, r1-1-1, d1-1-1; III-IV v2 -2-2, p1-1, r1-1, d1-1-1; metatarsi I-II v2 -2-1, p1-1-1, r1-1-1; III v2 -2-2, p1-1-1-1, r1-1-1, d1-1-1-2; IV v2 -1-1-1-1-2, p1-1-1-1, r1-1- 1, d1-1-1-2; tarsi III-IV v4 -9. Palpal femora p1, r1, d1-1-1; patellae p1; tibiae p1-1, r1.

Female (SMNK 1435). Whole body uniform light brown, femora patchy brown. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 4 retromarginal teeth, third very small. Epigyne: Median plate triangular with narrow prominent protuberance (Fig. 15, 37, 39, 40). Epigynal openings located anteriorly, copulatory ducts broad and straight, reaching spermathecae ventrally, spermathecae wide apart (Fig. 38).

Measurements. Total length 26.0. Prosoma 13.4 long, 10.8 wide. Clypeus 0.85. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.5, ALE 0.4, PME 0.6, PLE 0.7; AME-AME 0.35, AME-ALE 0.35, PME-PME0.3, PME-PLE 0.6, AME-PLE 1.0, AME-PME0.4, MOQ length 1.6, front width 1.3, back width 1.5. Epigynal median plate 1.5 long, 1.1 wide.

Legs. I-femur 11.1/ patella 5.2/ tibia 9.8/ metatarsus 8.1/ tarsus 4.8/ total 395; II- 10.1/ 5.2/ 8.5/ 7.4/ 4.1/ 36.0; III- 9.0/ 5.0/ 7.6/ 8.1/ 3.7/ 34.0; IV- 11.5/ 5.6/ 10.6/ 13.5/ 5.2/ 47.0.

Leg spination. Femora I-II p1-1-1-(1), r1-1-1, d1-1-1; III-IV p1-1-1-1, r1-1-1, d1-1-1-(1); patellae III-IV p1, r1; tibiae I-II v2 -2-2-2, p1-1; III-IV v2 -2-2, p1-1, r1-1, d1-1-1; metatarsi I-II v2 -2-1, 1, r1; III v2 -2-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, d1-2-2; IV v2 -1-1-1- 1-2, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, d2-1-1-2; tarsi III-IV v8 -12. Palpal femora p1, r1, d1-1-2; patellae p1; tibiae p1-1, r1, tarsi p2-1, r1.

Variation. See Tab. 5 for males and Tab. 6 for females.

Coloration of living specimens. Prosoma of females dark reddish brown, abdomen generally light brown. Clypeus and chelicerae covered by white hairs. Distal parts of legs (tarsi to tibiae) whitish by hair cover, femora spotted by white hairs. Males generally somewhat lighter brown, Prosoma with broad lateral yellow bands.

Natural history. - In the Manaus region A. bogotensis is very abundant in floating meadows (Paspalum sp. and other semi-aquatic and aquatic macrophytes) which are surrounding islands in the Whitewater river Solimões, but also appear in black- and Whitewater inundation forests ( Höfer 1990, 1997). Spiders have been observed to hunt on frogs and tadpoles and to hide up to 20 minutes unter water, when disturbed. The courtship and mating and the life cycle of a laboratory population was described by Merrett (1988). He reports of egg-sacs containing 300-400 eggs. An egg-sac carried by a female caught on INPA campus in Manaus contained appr. 600 eggs, 200 of which were parasitized.

Material examined. - NICARAGUA: Grade Corn Island, 1 [[female]], Jan. 22 -24 1966, N. Zweifel et al. (AMNH). HONDURAS: Ceiba, 1 [[male]], Jan. 21 1916, J. Dyan (AMNH 226557); 1 [[female]], Feb. 23 1916, R. Reynolds (NMNH); Copan, 1 [[female]] 2 imm., without data (AMNH 8914); Copan, El Cedro, 1 [[male]], March 8 1939 (AMNH). PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, 1 [[male]] 7 [[females]] 9 imm., March 15 1936, W. Gertsch (AMNH 3603156); 20 miles NE Panama City (1800 ft.), 1 [[female]], Jan. 1 1945, C.D.& E.M. Michener (AMNH); Coclé, El Valle, Rio Antõn (660 m), 1 [[male]], Jan. 31 1983, C.W. Myers (AMNH); Puerto Armuelles, 1 [[male]], 1940, G.C. Wood (AMNH); Pearl Island, Saint Rose, 1 [[male]], Mar 13 1944, J.P.E. Morrison (NMNH). COSTA RICA: Heredia, Finca La Selva, 4 km SE Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui (50 m), Oct. 1 1981, C. E. Griswold (CAS). VENEZUELA: Caracas, 1 [[male]] 1 imm. (SMF 11438); 1 [[male]] 1 [[female]], without date, C. Clarks (CAS); Distrito Federal, Caracas, 1 [[female]], June 1950, Marcuzzi (IBSP 938); Merida, 2500 m, 1 [[male]] 4 [[females]] 6 imm., 1913, S. Briceñio & V. Vogel (ZMB 375); Merida, 2000-2500 [[male]], 3 [[females]], S. Briceñio (ZMB); Merida, 1 [[female]], June 1936, J. Vellard (MACN 814); Bolivar, 10 km N Corocito, R. Caura rainforest, 1 [[female]], June 18 - Aug, 3 1987, S. & J. Peck (AMNH); Bolivar, mouth of Rio Horeda, Rio Orinoco (100 m), 1 [[female]], Dec. 17 1955 (AMNH); 26 km N of Guasipati, 1 [[male]], June 24 - July 12 1987, S. & J. Peck (AMNH); 70 km W Ciudad Bolivar, Puerte Cocuizas, 1 [[male]], June 19 - July 3 1987, S. & J. Peck (AMNH FIT 87-36); Carapito, 1 [[male]], April 1-15 1942, N. Y. Zool. Soc, W.Beebe (AMNH); Guanare, est. Portiguesa, 1 [[male]], Sept. 10-17 1957, B. Malkin (AMNH); Miranda, Guatopo Nat. Park, Sta. Cruzita (450 m), 1 [[female]], Feb. 14 1984, J. Coddington (NMNH); Panaquire, 1 [[male]] 1 [[female]], Febr. 1 1982, C. Machado A. (CAS); Maracay, 2 [[males]] (SMF 10099). TRINIDAD: Caparo, 2 [[males]], March 18 1910, P.B. Whelpley (AMNH); Bayshore, 6 miles W of Port of Spain, 1 [[male]], Sept. 10 1964, E.N, KjellesvigWarring(AMNH); 2 miles of Plaisance, Mayaro Beach, 1 [[male]] 1 [[female]], March 22 1964, E.N. Kjellesvig-Warring (AMNH); Caparo, 1 [[male]], March 18 1918, P.B. Whelpley (AMNH); Sant Ann's, 1 [[male]], Aug. 18 1958, M. Nieves (AMNH); Bush Bush forest, Mariva swamp, 1 [[female]], Oct. 15 1963, Aitken (AMNH). GUYANA: Mazaroni, Potaro district, Kuapau Compound (6°17'N 58°50'W), 1 [[female]] with eggsac, Dec. 9 1983, Earthwatch Res. Exp. (NMNH). COLOMBIA: Bogotá, 1 [[female]] (MNRJ); Dana, 1 [[female]] (ZMB); Meta, Puerto Lleras, Lomalinda (300 m, 73°22'W 3°18'N), 5 [[males]] 3 [[females]], May 20 1986 - Aug. 1 1988, B.T. Carroll (CAS); 1 [[male]], no date, same collector (NMNH); 1 [[female]], May 1987 (CAS); 1 [[female]], Jan. 1 1989, B. Roth (CAS); Cauca, Questrada Huangui, Rio Saija, 1 [[male]], Oct. 18 - Nov. 7 1971, B. Malkin (FMNH); Cundinamarca, highway to Sasaima, Finca Bella Vista, 1 [[female]], April 17 1965, P.R. Craig & J. Robb (CAS). ECUADOR: Los Tayos, 1 [[male]] 1 [[female]], July 14 1976, P. Ashmole (IBSP 4311 4312). Napo: Shushufmdi, 1 [[female]], March 1985, E. Martinez (IRSN); Ecuador?, 1 [[male]], no further information (SMF); Bolivar, Cotopaxi border, aprox. 7 km SSW El Corazon (800 m), 1 [[female]], Nov. 13 1979, C.W. Myers (AMNH). BOLIVIA: Prov. Sarah, 2 [[females]], Steinbach (ZMB); Pando Manuripi, Trinidad, 1 [[male]] 1 [[female]] 1 imm. (SMF 10099). BRAZIL: Roraima: Rio Ireng, 1 [[female]], Aug. 1911 (AMNH a3907); Chiriri, 1 [[male]] 1 [[female]], May-July 1964, A. R. Hoge (IBSP 2850); Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maracá, 1 [[male]], Nov.- Dec. 1994, G. Skuk (IBSP 5757); 1 [[female]], Dec. 7 1987, E.H. Buckup (INPA); 1 [[female]], July 18 1987. A. Lise (INPA); 1 [[female]], July 20 1987, J. Vidal (INPA); 1 [[female]], July 1987, A. Lise (INPA); 2 [[males]] 1 [[female]], July 18 1987, S. Bowles (INPA); 1 [[male]], Sept. 25 1987, M.E.L. Souza (MCN 19699); 1 [[male]], July 24 1987, (MCN 17609); 1 [[female]], July 17 1987, A. Lise (MCN 17605); 2 [[males]] 1 imm., July 21 1987, Eq. Maracá (MCN 17608); 1 [[male]], March 17 1987, E.H. Buckup (MCN 19697); 1 [[female]], March 26 1987, J. Ferraz (MCN 17606); 1 [[male]], May 3-13 1987, L.S. Aquino (MCN 17607). Amazonas: Manaus, 1 [[male]] 1 [[female]], 1899, Bicego (MZSP 8955); 1 [[female]], March 11 1987, E.H. Buckup (MCN 19698); 1 [[female]], July 26 1987, A.A. Lise (MCN 25743); (INPA Campus), 1 [[female]], June 3 1995, A. Lise SMNK 1436), 1 [[male]], March 19 1987, H. Höfer (SMNK 312); 1 [[female]], 1981, U. Barbosa (INPA); 2 [[females]] 1 imm., 1981, U. Barbosa (INPA); 1 [[male]], April 30 1987, H. Höfer (SMNK 311); 1 [[male]], June 16 1987, J. Adis (SMNK 313); 1 [[female]], Aug. 29 1990 (INPA); (Ilha da Marchantaria, várzea), 1 [[female]], 1994, E. Venticinque (IBSP 6297); 1 [[female]], Oct. 20 1981, J. Adis (SMNK 1431); (Ilha da Marchantaria, floading meadow, all col. by J. Adis) 4 [[males]] 5 [[females]], April 15 1981 - March 3 1982 (INPA); 1 [[male]], June 3 1981 (SMNK 1429), 1 [[female]], same date (SMNK 1430), 1 [[male]], July 28 1981 (SMNK 1432); 1 [[male]], July 28 1981 (SMNK 1433), 1 [[female]], April 29 1981 (SMNK 1434), 1 [[female]], June 3 1981 (SMNK 1435); ( Tarumã Mirím, Igapó), 1 [[female]], May 7 1988, H. Höfer (SMNK 309); Anavilhanas, 1 [[female]], Sept. 7 1996, T Gasnier (IBSP 16008). Pernambuco: Recife, 1 [[male]] 4 [[female]] (SMF 13868).

Distribution. - Northern and western part of South America and Central America (Fig. 62). The specimens collected in Recife are probably introduced.