Diphya Nicolet, 1849

Ott, Ricardo, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2023, On the genus Diphya: notes on the Brazilian D. bicolor and a new species from Ecuador (Araneae: Tetragnathidae), Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2023004) 113, pp. 1-13 : 2

Diphya Nicolet, 1849

Diphya NICOLET, 1849:406 . Type species by subsequent designation D. macrophthalma Nicolet, 1849 .

Cardimia MELLO-LEITÃO, 1940:61 . Type species by monotypy C. eximia Mello-Leitão, 1940 (removed from syn. with Azilia ), Syn. nov.

Note. In this study, we had the opportunity to correct a historical mistake made by LEVI (2002), who synonymized Cardimia , proposed in Araneidae , with Azilia Keyserling, 1881 . Before the fire at the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, we had the opportunity to examine the type of Cardinia eximia Mello-Leitão, 1940 . The comparison of the type with specimens of Diphya bicolor allows us to transfer this synonymy to Diphya , correcting the proposition of LEVI (2002).

Diagnosis.According to a recent diagnosis presented by ÁLVAREZ- PADILLA & HORMIGA (2011, figs 27, 28), Diphya species can be distinguished from all other Tetragnathidae genera by the following combination of characters: AME considerably smaller, secondary eyes without reflective tapetum ( Figs 3, 5 ; 28, 29 ; 41, 42 ; 51, 53 ); legs I and II armed with a mesal row of macrosetae (Figs 21, 30); epigynum a flat sclerotized plate with ventrally oriented copulatory openings, sclerotized spermathecae ( Figs 31 , 54 ), palp tibia of male with distal apophysis ( Figs 46-48 ) which is inconspicuous in D. bicolor ( Fig. 15 ) and cymbium with only ectomedian process, paracymbium with anterior apophysis ( Figs 6, 9, 10 ; 11, 15, 16 ; 45-48 ); distally swollen, spherical tegulum, conductor with membranous aspect, with fine margins sclerotized, coiled and firmly attached to the center of the tegulum and lamelliform and curled embolus, opposite to conductor ( Figs 6-10 ; 45-48 ).

Figures

Figs 1-5. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, male MCN 35220: 1, 2, lateral view; 3, dorsal view; 4, ventral view; 5, frontal view.

Figs 27-34. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, female. 27-31, MCN 35220 (Rio Grande do Sul); 32, MCN 30679 (Rio Grande do Sul); 33, MCN 2214 (Rio de Janeiro); 34, IBSP 20102 (Minas Gerais). 27, lateral view; 28, carapace, frontal; 29, dorsal view; 30, ventral view; 31, epigynum, ventral view; 32- 34, epigyna, ventral, cleared (A, atrium; AP, anterior pockets; BP, basal plate; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; MP, marginal plate; S, spermathecae).

Figs 39-48. Diphya napo sp. nov., male paratype IBSP 283137: 39-43, body; 44-48, palp. 39, 40, Lateral view; 41, dorsal view; 42, carapace, frontal view; 43, ventral view; 44, detail, retrolateral tibial apophysis, prolateral view; 45, dorsal view; 46, prolateral view; 47, ventral view; 48, retrolateral view (Co, conductor; Cy, cymbium; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; E, embolus; PC, paracymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis).

Figs 49-57. Diphya napo sp. nov., female paratype IBSP 283136: 49-53, body; 54-57, epigynum. 49, 50, lateral view; 51, dorsal view; 52, ventral view; 53, carapace, frontal view; 54, epigynum, ventral view; 55, epigynum, posterior view; 56, ventral, clove oil cleared; 57, dorsal, clove oil cleared (A, atrium; BP, basal plate; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; LP, lateral plate; S, spermathecae).

Figs 11-16. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, male IBSP 20101. SEM palp: 11, retrolateral view; 12, ventro-apical view; 13, dorsal view; 14, apical view; 15, detail, posterior view; 16, prolateral view (Co, conductor; Cy, cymbium; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; E, embolus; PC, paracymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis).

Figs 6-10. Diphya bicolor Vellard, 1926, male MCN 35220, palp: 6, retrolateral view; 7, ventral view; 8, dorsal view; 9, prolateral view; 10, frontal view (Co, conductor; Cy, cymbium; CEMP, cymbial ectomedian process; E, embolus; PC, paracymbium).