Pyrrhalta discalis Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963

Lee, Chi-Feng & Bezdek, Jan, 2021, Revision of the genera Xanthogaleruca Laboissiere, 1932 and Pyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) of Taiwan, with type designation of Galerucella lineatipes Takei, ZooKeys 1039, pp. 1-108 : 1

Pyrrhalta discalis Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963 Figs 31 , 32 , 33

Pyrrhalta discalis Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963: 448 (China: Hubei); Kimoto 1974: 24 (Taiwan); Kimoto and Chu 1996: 55 (catalogue); Kimoto and Takizawa 1997: 300 (key), 373; Beenen 2010: 452 (catalogue); Xue and Yang 2010: 122 (catalogue); Yang et al. 2015: 116 (catalogue).

Pyrrhalta (Pyrrhalta) discalis : Wilcox 1971: 85 (catalogue).

Types.

Holotype ♂ (CAS, by original designation): "Suisapa, 1000 M. / Lichuan Distri. / W. Hupeh, China / VII- [p] 25 [h] -48 [p, w] // Ridge above / 1200-1500 M [p, w] // J. L. Gressitt / Collector [p, w] // Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta discalis / G&K [h] / J. L. Gressitt det. // HOLOTYPE [p] / Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta discalis [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, r]. Paratypes. 1♀ (CAS): "Suisapa, 1000 M. / Lichuan Distri. / W. Hupeh, China / VII- [p] 23 [h] -48 [p, w] // J. L. Gressitt / Collector [p, w] // ALLOTYPE [p] / Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta discalis / S. Kimoto & [h] / J. L. Gressitt [p, r] // Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta discalis / Gress & Kim. [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto det. 196[p]2 [h, w]"; 1♂ (CAS): "W. HUPEH / China, Suisapa, / Lichuan, 1000 m. / IX-[p] 17 [h] 1948 [p, w] // Gressitt & / Djou Collrs. [p, w] // PARATYPE [p] / Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta discalis [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, y]"; 1♀ (CAS): "Suisapa, 1000 M. / Lichuan Distri. / W. Hupeh, China / VII- [p] 23 [h] -48 [p, w] // J. L. Gressitt / Collector [p, w] // PARATYPE [p] / Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta discalis [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, y]"; 1♀ (CAS): "Suisapa, 1000 M. / Lichuan Distri. / W. Hupeh, China / VII- [p] 24 [h] -48 [p, w] // J. L. Gressitt / Collector [p, w] // PARATYPE [p] / Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta discalis [h] / Gressitt & Kimoto [p, y]"; 1♀ (BPBM): "Suisapa, 1000 M. / Lichuan Distri. / W. Hupeh, China / VII- [p] 22 [h] -48 [p, w] // Gressitt & / Djou Collrs. [p, w] // PARATYPE [p, b] // Pyrrhalta / Pyrrhalta discalis / Paratype G&K [h] / J.L. Gressitt det. [p, w].

Other material.

Taiwan. Hsinchu: 1♂ (TARI), Litungshan (李棟山), 15.III.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♀ (TARI), Lupi (魯壁), 25.II.2010, leg. S.-F. Yu ; 1♀ (TARI), Wuchihshan (五指山), 27.III.2008, leg. H. Lee ; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 14.V.2008, leg. S.-F. Yu ; Hualien: 1♀ (TARI), Pulowan (布洛灣), 26.III.2016, leg. H.-F. Lu ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with “31.III.2016”; 10♂, 4♀ (TARI), same but with “30.IV.2016”; 1♀ (TARI), same but with “9.V.2016”; Pingtung : 1♂ (TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山), 29.VI.2018, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; Taichung: 1♀ (KMNH), Pahsienshan (八仙山), 29.V.1971, leg. K. Kanmiya, det. S. Kimoto , 1973; Taipei: 1♂ (TARI), Chihshanyan (芝山岩), 2.V.2016, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 1♂ (TARI), Wulai (烏來), 17.V.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; Taoyuan: 1♀ (TARI), Lalashan (拉拉山), 2.IV.2009, leg. H. Lee ; 1♀ (TARI), Nantzukou (湳仔溝), 24.IV.2016, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 1♀ (TARI), Yongfu (永福), 17.IV.2011, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; 1♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with “30.IV.2011”; 2♂, 1♀ (TARI), same but with “11.V.2011”; 1♂ (TARI), same but with “20.IV.2015”.

Redescription.

Length 4.6-5.6 mm, width 2.3-2.8 mm. Body color (Fig. 31A-C ) yellowish brown; head and prothorax reddish brown, but antennae blackish brown; with wide black stripes along lateral margins and suture of elytra; tibiae and tarsi black. Eyes small, interocular space 2.09-2.49 × diameter of eye. Antennae filiform in males (Fig. 32A ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.8: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.5: 0.7, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 3.4: 2.3: 3.2: 2.2: 2.1: 2.0: 2.0: 2.0: 2.0: 2.0: 2.9; similar in females (Fig. 4B ), length ratios of antennomeres I-XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.8: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.5: 0.8, length to width ratios of antennomeres I-XI 2.7: 2.2: 2.7: 2.4: 2.3: 2.2: 2.0: 1.8: 1.9: 1.7: 2.6. Pronotum and elytra convex. Pronotum 2.0-2.1 × wider than long, disc with dense, extremely coarse punctures and extremely short pubescence, with median longitudinal and lateral depressions; lateral margins moderately rounded, apical margin slightly concave, basal margin straight; anterior and posterior setiferous punctures slightly erect. Elytra elongate and broad, parallel-sided, 1.4 × longer than wide; disc with dense extremely coarse punctures and extremely short pubescence. Apical spur of tibia of middle leg absent and tarsomere I not modified in males. Aedeagus (Fig. 32C, D ) extremely slender in dorsal view, 8.6 × longer than wide, sides asymmetric, curved at middle, recurved near apex, apex narrowly rounded; straight but strongly curved near base in lateral view, apex narrowly rounded; ostium not covered by membrane; two elongate endophallic sclerite, several fine teeth on apex of primary endophallic sclerite, 0.6 × as long as aedeagus, secondary sclerite much shorter, 0.6 × as long as primary endophallic sclerite, apex narrowly rounded. Sclerotized gonocoxae (Fig. 32I ) transverse, both gonocoxae basally connected and membranous, with several short and long setae near apices. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 32E ) transverse; disc with dense, short and few longer setae along apical margin; spiculum long. Receptacle of spermatheca (Fig. 32F ) slightly swollen; pump short and strongly curved; sclerotized proximal spermathecal duct wide and short. Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V slightly concave medially, with deep, triangular depression at middle in males (Fig. 32H ); only slightly concave in females (Fig. 32G ).

Variation.

Taiwanese populations display great variation of color patterns on the elytra. Some individuals have two additional transverse black stripes (Fig. 31D ): anterior stripe at basal 1/5, with a longitudinal black stripe at middle, anteriorly connected with basal stripe; posterior stripe at middle. Some individuals have a black stripe along suture expanding laterally at base (Fig. 31E ), sometimes covering entire base, and gradually narrowing towards apex (Fig. 31F ).

Remarks.

adults of P. discalis Gressitt and Kimoto are easily recognized by the yellowish brown bodies. In males of P. discalis , the elongate and apically curved aedeagus is similar to that of P. semifulva (Jacoby), but differs by the relatively shorter secondary endophallic sclerite, 0.6 × as long as primary endophallic sclerite (Fig. 32C, D ) (relatively longer secondary endophallic sclerite, 0.9 × as long as primary endophallic sclerite in P. discalis (Fig. 29C, D ).

Host plants.

Larvae and adults feed on flowers of Pourthiaea lucida Decne. (Fig. 33A ) and Pyracantha koidzumii (Hayata) Rehder ( Rosaceae ).

Biology.

eggs (Fig. 33B ), mature larvae (Fig. 33C ), and adults (Fig. 33F ) were found on flowers of Pourthiaea lucida April 14, 2011 in Yongfu, northern Taiwan by Mr Mei-Hua Tsou. mature larvae (Fig. 33D ) burrowed into soil and built underground chambers for pupation at the same day. Duration of the pupal stage (Fig. 33E ) was 14 days.

Distribution.

China, Taiwan. It is widespread at lowlands (0-1,500 m) in Taiwan.

Figures

Figure 4. Field photographs of Xanthogaleruca yuae sp. nov. on host plant A egg masses B early instar larva C mature larvae D single mature larva E pupa and prepupa F adult.

Figure 29. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta semifulva (Jacoby) A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, typical form, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E aedeagus, variation (endophallic sclerites omitted), dorsal view apex of tibia of middle leg, male F ditto, lateral view G abdominal ventrite VIII H ermatheca I abdominal ventrite V, female J abdominal ventrite V, male K gonocoxae.

Figure 31. Habitus of Pyrrhalta discalis Gressitt & Kimoto A male, typical form, dorsal view B ditto, ventral view C ditto, lateral view D male, color variation, dorsal view E male, color variation, dorsal view F male, color variation, dorsal view.

Figure 32. Diagnostic characters of Pyrrhalta discalis Gressitt & Kimoto A antenna, male B antenna, female C aedeagus, dorsal view D ditto, lateral view E abdominal ventrite VIII F spermatheca G abdominal ventrite V, female H abdominal ventrite V, male I gonocoxae.

Figure 33. Field photographs of Pyrrhalta discalis Gressitt & Kimoto on host plant A host plant, Pourthiaea lucida B egg C Three-instar larva D mature larva E pupa F adult.