Edelithus shenmiguo Liu & Li, 2022

Liu, Keke, Ying, Yuanhao & Li, Shuqiang, 2022, One new genus and two new species of the spider family Phrurolithidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Southwest China, ZooKeys 1117, pp. 71-94 : 71

Edelithus shenmiguo Liu & Li sp. nov.

Figs 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12

Type material.

Holotype ♂ (Phu-145, GBII-4-10), 21°57.669'N, 101°11.893'E, elevation ca 790 m, XTBG, Menglun Township, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, 5-12.I.2007, G. Zheng leg. Paratype 2 ♂, 1 ♀, the same data as holotype (GBII-2-17); 11 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-16); 3 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-16); 5 ♂, 4 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-16); 25 ♂, 3 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-16); 2 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-12); 2 ♂, 5-12.II.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-10); 1 ♀, 16-31.VII.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-24); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-18); 2 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-19); 4 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-20); 3 ♀, 1-15.VII.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-23); 2 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-17); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 5-12.I.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-10); 6 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-18); 9 ♂, 3 ♀, 1-15.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-15); 1 ♂, 5-12.II.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-12); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 19-26.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-15); 2 ♂, 5-12.I.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-12); 1 ♂, 1-15.I.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-11); 1 ♀, 10-20.VII.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-21); 3 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-17); 2 ♀, 1-15.I.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-23); 1 ♀, 10-20.VII.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-21); 3 ♂, 1 ♀, 1-15.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-5-15); 7 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-19); 1 ♂, 19-26.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-19); 2 ♂, 1-15.II.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-13); 9 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (unspecified); 1 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-20); 2 ♀, 5-12.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-14); 1 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-19); 1 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-21); 1 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-21); 1 ♀, 5-12.XII.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-08); 2 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-21); 4 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-13); 3 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-15); 10 ♂, 2 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-18); 9 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-18); 2 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-17); 2 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-20); 1 ♀, 10-14.VIII.2006, other data as holotype (GBII-4-01); 2 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-17); 7 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-5-16); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 19-25.II.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-13); 4 ♂, 1 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-5-17); 7 ♂, 16-31.II.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-14); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-17); 1 ♂, 16-31.II.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-14); 1 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-18); 1 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-17); 1 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-1-16); 5 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-19); 5 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-18); 1 ♀, 2-12.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-14); 1 ♀, 5-12.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-14); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 19-25.I.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-11); 7 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-16); 5 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-19); 2 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-20); 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-20); 2 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-5-18); 4 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-2-16); 1 ♀, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-3-22); 1 ♂, 21°54.813'N, 101°12.634'E, elevation ca 876 m, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as holotype (GBII-4-17); 5 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-17); 1 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-5-17); 5 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-17); 1 ♀, 1-15.VII.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-23); 1 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-17); 4 ♂, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-18); 2 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-18); 2 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-19); 1 ♂, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-16); 2 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-15); 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-20); 1 ♂, 16-31.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-18); 2 ♀, 10-20.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-20); 3 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-19); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-16); 2 ♀, 16-26.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-19); 2 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-18); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-16); 4 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-5-16); 1 ♀, 10-20.VII.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-18); 5 ♀, 21°57.445'N, 101°12.997'E, elevation ca 744 m, 4-11.V.2007, other data as holotype (GBIII-1-18); 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-20); 3 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-17); 3 ♀, 19-26.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-15); 1 ♂, 6 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-18); 4 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-18); 2 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-16); 1 ♂, 5-12.II.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-12); 5 ♀, 4-11.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-18); 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-20); 8 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-16); 2 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-20); 3 ♀, 16-31.VI.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-22); 1 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-19); 6 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-17); 2 ♀, 1-15.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-19); 1 ♂, 1-15.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-5-15); 2 ♀, 19-26.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-17); 8 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-19); 1 ♂, 19-26.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-15); 7 ♂, 1 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-16); 4 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-17); 1 ♂, 5-12.I.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-10); 1 ♀, 5-12.VI.2006, other data as previous (GBIII-1-06); 2 ♂, 19-26.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-15); 1 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-05); 3 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-16); 1 ♀, 16-31.II.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-14); 6 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-17); 3 ♀, 19-26.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-19); 1 ♀, 16-31.V.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-20); 1 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-5-21); 1 ♀, 5-12.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-14); 1 ♂, 19-26.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-15); 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-20); 2 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-20); 13 ♂, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-16); 7 ♂, 3 ♀, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-17); 7 ♂, 3 ♀, 16-31.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-16); 2 ♀, 4-11.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-16); 1 ♀, 10-20.VI.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-21); 1 ♂, 5-12.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-14); 1 ♀, 16-24.IX.2006, other data as previous (GBIII-3-04); 2 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-5-17); 1 ♂, 1-15.IV.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-17); 3 ♂, 8 ♀, 5-12.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-4-14); 11 ♂, 10-31.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-5-16); 2 ♂, 5-12.III.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-1-14); 5 ♀, 16-29.VI.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-3-19); 2 ♀, 5-12.XI.2007, other data as previous (GBIII-2-06); 1 ♀, 16-31.IV.2006, other data as previous (GBIII-5-18); 2 ♀, 16-31.VI.2006, other data as previous (GBIII-4-22); 1 ♂, 4 ♀, 21°55.035'N, 101°16.500'E, elevation ca 558 m, 16-31.V.2007, other data as holotype (GZI-4-20); 1 ♀ (GBIII-4-12).

Etymology.

The specific name refers to the Chinese name of Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Daniell, 1852, Edelithus shenmiguo , which was introduced to XTBG from Ghana; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis.

The new species can be distinguished from E. puer sp. nov. (Figs 2 , 3 , 5 ) by the ridge-shaped retrolateral tegular apophysis (vs bent) and the relatively long embolus with a spine-like tip (vs the very short embolus lacking spine-like tip) in male palp (Fig. 10B, H ), and the epigynal plate lacking median septum (vs present), the relatively long, thin copulatory duct (vs very short and thick) and the oval spermathecae (vs C-shaped) (Fig. 12 ) in female epigyne (Fig. 12 ).

Description.

Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 6A-C . Total length 1.93, carapace 1.03 long, 0.82 wide, abdomen 1.00 long, 0.70 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 6A, D ): AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06, AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.03, AME-PME 0.04, AME-PLE 0.09, ALE-ALE 0.12, PLE-PLE 0.22, ALE-PLE 0.03. MOA 0.13 long, frontal width 0.10, posterior width 0.14. Chelicerae (Fig. 7 ) with three promarginal (median largest, distal smallest) and two retromarginal teeth (distal larger); promarginal and retromarginal escort setae present, longer than fang; promarginal cheliceral whisker setae in a line; promarginal rake setae in three lines, comb-shaped; promarginal and retromarginal base of fang with two slit sensilla. Endites (Fig. 6E , 7B ) slightly oblique, brush shaped, anterolateral area of endite with a row of thick serrula and a row of eight long and thick setae. Labium (Figs 6E , 7B ) wider than long, anteriorly with 12 setae. Sternum (Fig. 6E ), longer than wide, laterally with weak precoxal triangles and lacking intercoxal extensions, posteriorly triangular, blunt end. Leg measurements (Figs 6 , 8 ): I 3.29 (0.93, 0.38, 0.88, 0.73, 0.42); II 3.85 (0.76, 0.34, 0.59, 0.62, 0.44); III 2.53 (0.64, 0.28, 0.48, 0.61, 0.42); IV 3.74 (0.98, 0.36, 0.83, 0.92, 0. 54). Leg spination (Figs 6 , 8 ): femora I d1, pv111, II d1, III d1, IV d1; tibiae I v222222, II v222221; metatarsi I v2221, II v2221; metatarsi III and IV with conspicuous preening brushes, lyriform organs, and dorsal stoppers distally; tarsi with abundant scales, several long trichobothria dorsally, and several chemosensory setae on ventro-posterior tarsi and base of claws, slit sensillum located subdistally on dorsal part, oval, labium-shaped; inferior tarsal claw smooth without tooth, with a ventral scopula of tenent setae. Scutum (Fig. 6A ) nearly covering 1/2 of abdomen.

Colouration (Fig. 6A-E ). Carapace yellow, with light yellow-brown spot in front of fovea, radial, irregular yellow-brown stripes submarginally and arc-shaped dark stripes around margin. AME, ALE and PLE with dark layer of black pigment around the eye cup, but PME absent. Chelicerae, endites, and labium yellow. Sternum yellow, mottled around margin. Legs yellow, without dark stripes. Abdomen yellow-brown, mottled, with three light yellow chevrons posteriorly and many yellow spots on surface; venter yellow.

Palp (Figs 9 , 10 ). Femoral apophysis weak, with shallow groove and one strong dorsal spine near distal femur. Retrolateral tibial apophysis large, thick, longer than tibia in retrolateral view, with blunt apex. Dorsal tibial apophysis shorter than retrolateral tibial apophysis, with a strong hook-shaped tip, submedial part with a strong constriction. Sperm duct U-shaped, reaching subposterior part of tegulum. Retrolateral tegular apophysis, arising from retrolateral tegulum, with two parts, one lamellate, transversely directed, touching the base of embolus, arising from retrolateral tegulum, the other ridge-like, anteriorly located in retrolateral view. Subdistal tegular apophysis fan-shaped, slightly less than 1/2 of tegular length. Embolus short, right-angled, with a spine-like tip, covered by subdistal tegular apophysis. Sperm pore round, located in the medial part of embolus, around the sharp turn, slightly less than the length of dorsal tibial apophysis.

Female. Habitus as in Fig. 11A-C . As in male, except as noted. Total length 2.20, carapace 0.99 long, 0.79 wide, abdomen 1.18 long, 0.92 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances (Fig. 11D ): AME 0.04, ALE 0.06, PME 0.04, PLE 0.06, AME-AME 0.01, AME-ALE 0.01, PME-PME 0.05, PME-PLE 0.04, AME-PME 0.04, AME-PLE 0.08, ALE-ALE 0.12, PLE-PLE 0.20, ALE-PLE 0.02. MOA 0.13 long, frontal width 0.10, posterior width 0.13. Leg measurements (Fig. 11 ): I 2.99 (0.77, 0.36, 0.79, 0.67, 0.40); II 2.60 (0.72, 0.34, 0.57, 0.56, 0.41); III 2.39 (0.62, 0.30, 0.46, 0.56, 0.45); IV 3.50 (0.91, 0.34, 0.78, 0.88, 0.59). Leg spination (Fig. 11 ): femora II lacking prolateral spine; tibiae I v222221; metatarsi I v2222.

Colouration (Fig. 11A-C ). Lighter than male.

Epigyne (Fig. 12 ). Epigynal plate longer than wide, posterolaterally with pair of slit-like copulatory openings. Copulatory ducts tube-shaped, longer than bursal diameter, submedially with a slight constriction. Bursae large oval, anteriorly located, slightly separated. Connecting tubes slender, less than length of copulatory ducts. Spermathecae oval, medially located, separated by half of their diameter. Spermathecal head parallel, posteromedially located, directed posteriorly, as long as spermathecal diameter, club-shaped. Fertilization ducts as long as spermathecal length, located at the center of spermathecae, directed laterally.

Comments.

Prolateral spine on femora I same detail as in E. puer sp. nov.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality in Yunnan Province, China.

Figures

Figure 2. Edelithus shenmiguo sp. nov., male palps A holotype, prolateral view B same, ventral view C same, retrolateral view D same, dorsal view E paratype, prolateral view F same, ventral view G same, retrolateral view H, I tegulum, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: DTA - dorsal tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, rTA - retrolateral tegular apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD - sperm duct, sTA - subdistal tegular apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Edelithus shenmiguo sp. nov., male palp A femur, prolateral view B ventral view, detail of tegular end C femur, ventral view D retrolateral view E retrolateral view, detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis F retrolateral view, detail of tegulum G same, detail of tegular end H same, detail of tibial apophyses. Abbreviations: dTA - distal tegular apophysis, DTA - dorsal tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD - sperm duct, sTA - subdistal tegular apophysis.

Figure 5. Edelithus shenmiguo sp. nov., female A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view C same, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Bu - bursa, CD - copulatory duct, CO - copulatory opening, CT - connecting tube, FD - fertilization duct, GA - glandular appendage, MS - median septum, Spe - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 6. Edelithus puer sp. nov., male A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, lateral view D carapace, dorsal view, white arrows to cheliceral spines, black arrow to oval posterior median eyes without black annulations E endites, labium and sternum, ventral view F left leg I, prolateral view, black arrows to prolateral spines on femur G left leg II, black arrow to prolateral spine on femur. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, D-G); 0.5 mm (C).

Figure 7. Edelithus puer sp. nov., male palps A holotype, prolateral view B same, ventral view C, D same, retrolateral view E same, dorsal view F tegulum of paratype, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: DTA - dorsal tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, rTA - retrolateral tegular apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD - sperm duct, sTA - subdistal tegular apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figure 8. SEM micrographs of Edelithus puer sp. nov., male A eyes and chelicerae, dorsal view, white arrows to cheliceral spines B chelicerae, endites, and labium, ventral view C chelicera, prolateral view D same, ventral view E same, ventral view, close-up, white arrows to details of teeth. Abbreviations: PES - promarginal escort seta, PRS - promarginal rake setae, RES - retromarginal escort seta, SS - slit sensillum, WS - whisker setae.

Figure 9. SEM micrographs of Edelithus puer sp. nov., male A left leg I, white arrows to detail of prolateral spines, prolateral view B same, tarsal claws, prolateral view C left leg II, white arrow to detail of prolateral spine, prolateral view D same, detail of claw tuft setae E left leg III, detail of metatarsal preening brush, prolateral view F left leg IV, metatarsus-tarsus joint, prolateral view G same, detail of tarsal end, prolateral view H same, tarsus, detail of the tarsal organ, prolateral view, slightly dorsal I same, tarsal claw and claw tuft setae, prolateral view J left femur II, prolateral view. Abbreviations: CS - chemosensory seta, LO - lyriform organ, MPB - metatarsal preening brush, MTS - metatarsal dorsal stopper, SS - slit sensillum, TS - tenent setae.

Figure 10. SEM micrographs of Edelithus puer sp. nov., male palp A prolateral view, slightly ventral B same, detail of embolus C ventral view D same, detail of subdistal tegular apophysis E femur, retrolateral view F retrolateral view G same, detail of retrolateral tibial apophysis H same, detail of tegular end I dorsal view. Abbreviations: DTA - dorsal tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, rTA - retrolateral tegular apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, sTA - subdistal tegular apophysis.

Figure 11. Edelithus puer sp. nov., male A habitus, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, lateral view D carapace, dorsal view, white arrow to cheliceral spine, black arrow to oval posterior median eyes without black annulations E same, ventral view F leg I, prolateral view, black arrows to prolateral spines on femur G leg II, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (A, B, D-G); 0.5 mm (C).

Figure 12. Edelithus puer sp. nov., female. A epigyne, ventral view B same, dorsal view C same, ventral view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Bu - bursa, CD - copulatory duct, CO - copulatory opening, CT - connecting tube, FD - fertilization duct, GA - glandular appendage, Spe - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.