Phaneropterinae

Mugleston, Joseph D., Naegle, Michael, Song, Hojun & Whiting, Michael F., 2018, A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Ensifera) Reveals Extensive Ecomorph Convergence and Widespread Taxonomic Incongruence, Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 2 (4), No. 5, pp. 1-27 : 25

Phaneropterinae Group

Nearly 35% of all katydid diversity is currently described under Phaneropterinae ( Figs. 19 and 20 ). The monophyly of this subfamily has been supported in previous analyses ( Mugleston et al. 2013, 2016) but questioned due to Deracantha (Fischer von Waldheim, 1833) (currently Bradyporinae ) nested within ( Mugleston et al. 2016). Characters unifying Phaneropterinae typically include the globose head, unarmed prothoracic sternum, short and upturned ovipositor, and hindwings (if present) extending past the tegmina posteriorly. Lineages in this clade are distributed worldwide and in each continent (except Antarctica), can be found in various biomes, and inhabit a variety of niches within each region. Within this clade, most genera are divided among 32 tribes. Many of these tribes are also widely distributed and paraphyletic. From earlier studies it is apparent that convergent ecomorphs due to similar habitats are a common trend in this clade as seen by the five derivations of leaf-like tegmina in the tropical lineages ( Mugleston et al. 2016). As with the other katydid subfamilies, many of the Phaneropterinae tribes were described more than a century ago and the lines between the tribes have been blurred as more species have been identified resulting in nearly every phaneropterine tribe including two or more exemplars found to be paraphyletic. The one exception is the Dysoniini , a small tribe of fungus mimics found in the Neotropics. Unlike many of the other subclades, biogeographic regions do not seem to provide much insight into the relationships of this widespread group and may be in part due to the more recent split of the diverse phaneropterine subclade (~75 MYA), multiple transoceanic dispersals, and rapid subsequent radiation.

Figures

Fig. 19. Phaneropterinae group (partial). Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credits are as follows: (Barbitistes ocskayi) (Charpentier, 1850) Orthoptera species file online and (Phaneroptera sp. (Serville, 1831)) Arthur Anker.

Fig. 20. Phaneropterinae group (continued).Vertical bars indicate subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies. Paraphyletic groups are marked with an asterisk. Posterior probability values over 90 are marked with a circle at the node. Photo credit:Arthur Anker.