Phragmatopoma carlosi, Chávez-López, 2020

Chávez-López, Yessica, 2020, New species and new records of Phragmatopoma (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from Tropical America, Zootaxa 4845 (3), pp. 301-330 : 319-320

Phragmatopoma carlosi n. sp.

Figures 9 A–J, 12C

LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3711F4BB-F256-4FE1-AC88-9D8461B85085

Sabellaria californica not Fewkes, 1889.— Rioja 1942: 160–161, figs. 18–25 (Mazatlán, Sinaloa and Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico).

Phragmatopoma californica (not Fewkes, 1889).— Villalobos-Guerrero & Molina-Acevedo 2014: 106 (checklist of polychaetes from Sinaloa, Mexico).

Type material. Holotype: ECOSUR0231 , Mazatlán , 23°14’15”N, 106°26’43”W, Sinaloa, Mexico, northern Mexican Pacific, September 25, 1980, coll. J.A. de León-González ; Paratypes: ECOSUR0232 , eight spec. from Mazatlán , Sinaloa, same as holotype .

Additional material: four specimens. Nayarit: ECOSUR-P3098, one spec. ( Punta Borrego , 21°31’27”N, 105°16’44”W, November 24, 2004); ECOSUR-P3099, three spec. (La Manzanilla, 20°44’36”N, 105°23’13”W, November 29, 2004) .

Description. Color pattern of preserved specimens. Body pale yellow ( Fig. 9A ). Outer paleae with amber blade and dark amber handle dark; median plume translucent ( Fig 9D ). Middle paleae cherry with handle amber ( Fig. 9 E–F); paleae of the mid-ventral section with amber tip ( Fig. 9F ). Inner paleae amber ( Fig. 9G ). Opercular papillae pale yellow with light brown spots in the center. Median ridge with brown eyespots ( Fig. 9C ). Tentacles light brown ( Fig. 9C ). Building organ and branchiae pale yellow. Third parathoracic segment with brown spots, in ventral region. Parathoracic chaetae yellowish ( Fig. 9H ). Abdominal neuropodia with a series of brown spots. Abdominal neurochaetae and uncini translucent ( Fig. 9I ). Caudal peduncle pale yellow with brown lateral spots.

Body. Complete specimen of 27 mm total length; parathoracic region 1.2 mm wide; 37 abdominal segments; peduncle caudal incomplete ( Fig. 9A ).

Operculum. Opercular crown and opercular stalk completely fused. Opercular crown conical and sub-circular, protruding in lateral view ( Fig. 9 A–B). Three rows of paleae, only two visible: ~56 outer paleae, 31 middle and inner paleae. Outer paleae geniculate with a pair of heterodont teeth, one straight and another curved; flat blade twice longer than wide, serrated margin, without transversal thecae visible; median plume short, almost ½ as long as blade, rounded, longer than wide, filamentous with thin filaments, ½ as long as plume ( Fig. 9D ). Middle paleae strongly geniculate of two different shapes, depending on its position in the opercular crown; straight peak slightly concave with transversal thecae; sub-quadrangular nape, decurrent in dorsal paleae ( Fig. 9E ) and straight in the ventral ( Fig. 9F ), with serrated surface; nape slightly wider than the peak, and short, ¼ as long as peak; small chin, as long as wide, margin serrated; sharp tip falcate in dorsal paleae ( Fig. 9E ), blunted tip, almost straight in the ventral ( Fig. 9F ). Inner paleae strongly geniculate, serrated, slightly elevated peak, eight times longer than wide, and transversal thecae present; nape smooth; tip with filaments ( Fig. 9G ). Dorsal inner paleae longer than ventral paleae. Papillae long and oval ( Fig. 9C ). Oral tentacles unbranched. Median ridge short, 1/3 as long as opercular stalk, with eyespots ( Fig. 9C ). Median organ absent. Building organ ‘U’- shaped.

Thorax. Chaetiger 1 with a pair of neuropodial capillary chaetae. Chaetiger 2 with a pair of conical cirrus, neuropodia with capillary chaetae and a pair of branchiae.

Parathorax. Three parathoracic segments. Chaetiger with a pair of branchiae. Notopodia with lanceolate chaetae interspersed with longer capillary chaetae. Neuropodia with lanceolate chaetae interspersed with small lanceolate chaetae ( Fig. 9H ); neurochaetae thinner than notochaetae.

Abdomen. Segments with a pair of branchiae decreasing in size towards posterior segments. Neurochaetae verticillate of different length. Notopodia with a series of uncini with seven pairs of teeth ( Fig. 9I ).

Caudal region. Caudal peduncle elastic and smooth, broken ( Fig. 9A ).

Tubes. Tubes with coarse-grained sand, principally fragments of shells ( Fig. 12C ).

Variation. Body measurements varied from 16–30 mm total length, parathoracic region 2–3 mm wide and caudal peduncle 2–3 mm long (n= 3 spec.). The number of paleae varied between 40–71 in outer paleae and 20–31 in middle paleae. The number of abdominal segments varied from 34–36. One specimen with three longer papillae in the lateral region, almost twice longer than others, covering the outer paleae ( Fig. 9J ).

Habitat. Unknown.

Distribution. Northeastern Mexican Pacific, from Mazatlán Sinaloa to La Manzanilla, Nayarit ( Fig. 13 ).

Etymology. This new species is named after the author’s father, Carlos Chávez González.

Remarks. Of all species of the genus Phragmatopoma , P. carlosi n. sp. is more similar to P. digitata and P. balbinae n. sp. The three species have outer paleae with filamentous plume; however, the blade in P. carlosi n. sp. is twice as long than wide ( Fig. 9D ) and not three times as long than wide as in P. digitata ( Fig. 5 E–F) or 1/3 longer than wide as in P. balbinae n. sp. ( Fig. 8D ).

The morphology of sub-quadrangular decurrent nape in the middle paleae of P. carlosi n. sp. is shared only with P. balbinae n. sp., but in P. carlosi n. sp. the morphology of middle paleae vary depending on its position in the opercular crown ( Fig. 9 E–F), while in P. balbinae morphology is the same ( Fig. 8E ) and only the size vary. Another difference is that P. carlosi n. sp. has inner paleae with straight peak longer (8 times longer than wide, Fig. 9G ) than the elevated peak of P. balbinae n. sp. (5 times longer than wide, Fig. 8F ).

Rioja (1942) recorded Sabellaria californica from Mazatlán, Sinaloa and Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. He described and illustrated the morphology of opercular paleae, including middle paleae with decurrent nape, similar to that in Hartman (1944) description of P. californica , but with peak very curved in the distal end ( Fig. 6S ), and inner paleae with straight peak ( Fig. 6T ) and not decurrent as Hartman’s specimens ( Fig. 6B ). However, the major difference is in median plume of outer paleae, “decorated with 12–18 digitate prolongation” in Rioja’s (1942, Fig. 6V ) specimens, and not plumose as Hartman’s description ( Fig. 2 E–F) or covering of slender filaments as in my specimens ( Fig. 3E ) of P. californica . The morphology of the outer and inner paleae of Rioja’s (1942, Fig. 6T, V ) specimens is similar to that of P. carlosi n. sp. with filamentous median plume ( Fig. 9D ) and straight peak ( Fig. 9G ) respectively, and it is possible that the specimens recorded by Rioja (1942) as S. californica belong to P. carlosi n. sp.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Morphology of body, opercular paleae and chaetae. A, Complete body, ventral view. Morphology of outer paleae: B, Phragmatopoma moerchi; C, P. attenuata. Morphology of middle paleae: D, P. villalobosi n. sp.; E, P. attenutata. Morphology of inner paleae: F–G, P. attenuata. Outer paleae: H, P. digitata; I, P. caudata; J–K, P. californica; L, P. virgini. Middle paleae: M, P. carlosi n. sp.; N, P. balbinae n. sp.; O, P. digitata; P, P. peruensis. Q, Inner paleae of P. balbinae n. sp. R, Capillary chaetae. S, Bipinnate chaetae. T, Lanceolate chaetae. U–V, Verticillate chaetae. W, Uncini. Abbreviation: tbl, total body length; mp, middle paleae; op, outer paleae; Pr, parathoracic region; lt, lateral teeth; pl, median plume; plw, plume width; pll, plume length; bl, blade length; bw, blade width; nw, nape width; nl, nape length; peal, peak length; pew, peak width; cl, chin length; cw, chin width. Modified from: A) Kirtley (1994), B-C, E, I-L) Hartman (1944), H) Rioja (1942).

FIGURE 3. Phragmatopoma californica (Fewkes, 1889). A, Complete body, dorsal view. B, Opercular crown, top view. C, Operculum, lateral view. D, Median ridge. E, Outer paleae. F–G, Middle paleae; G, Rough margin. H, Inner paleae. I, Parathoracic lanceolate notochaetae. J, Parathoracic lanceolate neurochaetae. K, Abdominal uncini. L, Verticillate abdominal chaetae. Scale bars: A: 2 mm; B, D: 500μm; C: 1 mm; E, G–H: 100 μm; F, I: 200 μm; J: 20 μm; K–L: 10 μm. Abbreviation: pc, peduncle caudal; mp, middle paleae; op, outer paleae; mr, median ridge; pl, median plume.

FIGURE 5. Phragmatopoma digitata Rioja, 1962. A, Complete body, dorsal view. B, Opercular crown, top view. C, Operculum, lateral view. D, Median ridge. E, Outer paleae. F, Details of median plume. G, Middle paleae. H, Inner paleae. I, Parathoracic lanceolate and capillary notochaetae. J, Parathoracic lanceolate neurochaetae. K, Abdominal uncini. L, Outer paleae of juvenile specimen. Scale bars: A: 1.5 mm; B: 1 mm; C, D: 0.5 mm; E: 100 μm; F: 20 μm; G–H: 150 μm; I–J, L: 50 μm; K: 10 μm. Abbreviation: op, outer paleae; mp, middle paleae; pa, papillae; mr, median ridge; pl, median plume; lt, lateral teeth.

FIGURE 6. Comparisons of opercular paleae in Phragmatopoma species. P. californica (Hartman 1944): A, Middle paleae; B, Inner paleae. P. digitata (Rioja 1963): C–D) Outer paleae; E, Middle paleae; F, Inner paleae. P. virgini (Hartman 1944): G, Middle paleae; I, Outer paleae. P. virgini (Kirtley 1994): H, J, Middle and outer paleae of holotype; K, M, Middle and inner paleae of topotype. P. peruensis (Hartman 1944): L, Middle paleae; N, Outer paleae. P. moerchi (Hartman 1944): O, Middle paleae; P, Inner paleae. P. digitata (this work): Q, Middle paleae; R, Inner paleae; U, Outer paleae. P. californica (Rioja 1942): S, Middle paleae; T, Inner paleae; V, Outer paleae. Modified from S-T) Rioja (1942).

FIGURE 8. Phragmatopoma balbinae n. sp. A, Complete body, dorsal view. B, Operculum, lateral view. C, Median ridge. D, Outer paleae. E, Middle paleae. F, Inner paleae. G, Thoracic capillary neurochaetae. H, Parathoracic lanceolate notochaetae. I, Abdominal uncini. Scale bars: A: 1 mm; B–C: 250 μm; D, G: 50 μm; E–F, H: 100 μm; I: 5 μm. Abbreviation: pc, peduncle caudal; mp, middle paleae; mr, median ridge; pl, median plume; lt, lateral teeth.

FIGURE 9. Phragmatopoma carlosi n. sp. A, Complete body, dorsal view. B, Operculum, lateral view. C, Median ridge. D, Outer paleae. Middle paleae: E, Dorsal; F, Ventral. G, Inner paleae. H, Parathoracic lanceolate neurochaetae. I, Abdominal uncini. J, Papillae longer. Scale bars: A: 1.5 mm; B–C: 1 mm; D: 100 μm; E–G, J: 200 μm; H: 30 μm; I: 10 μm. Abbreviation: br, branchiae; pc, peduncle caudal; op, outer paleae; mp, middle paleae; pa, papillae; mr, median ridge; pl, median plume; lt, lateral teeth.

FIGURE 12. Morphology of tubes. A, Phragmatopoma caudata. B, P. digitata. C, P. carlosi n. sp. Tubes of P. balbinae n. sp. with: D, Bryozoans; E, Serpulids and F, Syllids associated. Scale bars: A–B, D: 1 mm; C: 2 mm; E: 500 μm; F: 300 μm.

FIGURE 13. Historical and new records of Phragmatopoma species. Empty symbols indicate previous records.