Lanassicola arcticus, Boxshall & O’Reilly & Sikorski & Summerfield, 2019

Boxshall, Geoff A., O’Reilly, Myles, Sikorski, Andrey & Summerfield, Rebecca, 2019, Mesoparasitic copepods (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) associated with polychaete worms in European seas, Zootaxa 4579 (1), pp. 1-69 : 45-48

Lanassicola arcticus gen. et sp. nov.

Type material: Holotype ovigerous ♀ from Lanassa venusta (Malm, 1874) , Stjernsund, Stn 12-1 (70.27983°N, 22.4015°E), depth 402 m, 15 August 2012; collected by A. Sikorski; NHMUK Reg. No. 2015.465. 3 paratype ♂♂ attached to holotype female; same locality and habitat data.

Differential diagnosis. Female body ( Fig. 17A ) with elongate ectosoma, about 5.8 times longer than wide, connected via short stalk to small bulla within host. Ectosoma dorsoventrally flattened, about 2.19 mm in length and with maximum width of 0.38 mm in anterior half. Frontal margin produced into paired, slightly asymmetrical lobes, probably representing antennules ( Fig. 17B ). Lateral margins weakly sinuous, widest in anterior half, narrowing slightly in mid-region, becoming wider posteriorly. Posterior margin terminating in paired posterolateral lobes bearing genital apertures ( Fig. 17C ). Stalk located on mid-ventral surface close to frontal margin ( Fig. 17B ), connecting to bulla (endosoma). Bulla small, expanding within host, incomplete. Paired antennae located close to ventral line just anterior to origin of stalk ( Fig. 17B , ant). Each antenna 2-segmented; first segment unarmed, second segment bearing paired distal adhesion pads. Maxillae located posterior to stalk ( Fig. 17B , mx); each maxilla 2-segmented, with robust first segment and broad second segment bearing 2 distal pads, one strongly corrugated, one smooth ( Fig. 17D ). Cement glands slender, curved, about 0.4 mm in length, located in posterior quarter of ectosoma.

Male sac-like ( Fig. 18A ), comprising anteriorly-directed oral funnel plus lobate trunk about 126 µm in length; trunk pear-shaped with narrow anterior end, broadening posteriorly, maximum width of about 77 µm at about two thirds of distance along trunk. Paired antennules located anterodorsally; unsegmented ( Fig. 18B ), tapering, armed with 4 setae along anterior margin and on apex. Paired antennae located on frontal margin either side of midline ( Fig. 18B ). Oral region modified into funnel-like structure located anteriorly. Oral funnel enclosing paired spinulate pads. Maxillae similar in structure to those of female, located posterior to oral funnel on ventral surface ( Fig. 18A ). Male discharging twisted, conical spermatophores from oral funnel; each spermatophore with globular basal part (arrowed in Fig. 18B ) attached to surface of female, and tapering distal tubule.

Etymology. The name of the new species, arcticus , alludes to the type locality within the Arctic Circle.

Remarks. The male in figure 18B is in the process of discharging a tapering conical spermatophore. This spermatophore is being extruded via a funnel-like structure in the oral region of the male, and the circular base that adheres to the female emerges first. The spermatophore is attached in the genital region of the female. The spinulate pads in the oral region of the male form part of the extrusion mechanism in Lanassicola gen. nov., and we infer this mechanism is also exhibited by Melinnacheres which has the same oral morphology in the male ( Fig. 14F ) and the same shape of spermatophore ( Fig. 14A ). This mode of spermatophore transfer, where spermatophores are extruded anteriorly through an opening in the cephalothorax of the male is similar to that described for the members of the family Herpyllobiidae , although the bottle-shaped male herpyllobiids are considerably more reduced and lack specialised structures such as the spinulate pads present in these saccopsine males.

The adult female is positioned in a longitudinal indentation in the host’s body, near its anterior end, lying between the worm and its tube, with its head end directed down the tube towards the posterior end of the host.

Figures

FIGURE 14. Melinnacheres ergasiloides M. Sars, 1870. A, ovigerous female detached from host, ventral view showing 3 attached spermatophores (arrowed); B, another female with 2 males attached, ventral view showing longitudinal trunk musculature of female; C, posterior margin of trunk showing paired genital apertures and anal slit on median prominence; D, egg sac; E, adult male, dorsal view; F, same, ventral view showing paired appendages and surface ornamentation. Scale bars: A–B, D, 0.5 mm, C, 250 µm, E–F, 100 µm.

FIGURE 17. Lanassicola arcticus gen. et sp. nov. female. A, ovigerous female with 3 males attached, ventral view; B, head region, ventral view showing location of antennae (ant) and maxillae (mx) relative to stalk; C, posterior margin of trunk, showing attachment of egg sacs at genital apertures; D, maxilla. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm, B, 50 µm, C, 100 µm, D, 25 µm.

FIGURE 18. Lanassicola arcticus gen. et sp. nov. male. A, habitus, ventral view showing paired maxillae immediately posterior to oral funnel; B, oral funnel, dorsal view showing paired antennules and antennae located just anterior to base of oral funnel, and spermatophore (arrowed) in process of being extruded through oral funnel. Scale bars: A, 50 µm, B, 25 µm.